本文關(guān)鍵詞：呼倫湖地區(qū)草原植被特征及其動(dòng)態(tài)變化　出處：《中央民族大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 呼倫湖 草地植被 植物區(qū)系 光合特性 植被動(dòng)態(tài)

【摘要】：呼倫貝爾草原屬于我國北方草原的重要組成部分,并作為我國北方地區(qū)不可或缺的生態(tài)屏障。呼倫湖是內(nèi)蒙古地區(qū)最大的淡水湖,對(duì)整個(gè)呼倫湖地區(qū)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡起到關(guān)鍵的作用。近年來,隨著全球氣候的變暖、以及過度放牧、過度打草等人類活動(dòng),使得呼倫湖地區(qū)草地退化日益嚴(yán)重,加之湖水的縮減,導(dǎo)致草地沙化、鹽堿化、以及物種多樣性減少。因此,開展呼倫湖地區(qū)草原植被的相關(guān)研究對(duì)于探討我國北方地區(qū)草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)變化規(guī)律具有重要的學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值,同時(shí)對(duì)于整個(gè)呼倫貝爾草原的生態(tài)保護(hù)具有重要意義。本文對(duì)呼倫湖地區(qū)5種不同類型的典型草原植被以及植被組成結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了實(shí)地調(diào)查和觀測(cè)研究;結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)貧夂驐l件以及氣象站數(shù)據(jù),運(yùn)用LI-6400型光合系統(tǒng)對(duì)不同草原植被優(yōu)勢(shì)種的光合特性進(jìn)行了實(shí)地觀測(cè);通過遙感影像數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)研究區(qū)1991-2010年期間植被覆蓋度變化進(jìn)行分析研究。通過上述研究,得到如下研究結(jié)果:(1)研究區(qū)植被組成主要以禾本科、菊科為主,群落的組成相對(duì)復(fù)雜,植被多樣性較高,其中以貝加爾針茅(Stipa baicalensis)草原和大針茅(Stipa grandis)草原植被豐富度相對(duì)較高,以多年生草本植物為主,呈現(xiàn)半干旱植被特征。(2)研究區(qū)所調(diào)查植被的區(qū)系地理成分研究表明,從科的角度來看,以世界分布為主;從屬的角度來看,5種草原植被均以北溫帶分布為主;其中貝加爾針茅草原的分布類型最多,表明其物種組成結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)復(fù)雜,適應(yīng)能力較強(qiáng)。(3)根據(jù)植物多樣性指數(shù)分析結(jié)果可知,5種類型草原植被中,貝加爾針茅草原和大針茅草原的物種豐富度相對(duì)較高,且多樣性指數(shù)最大。(4)從地上生物量的研究表明,5種類型草原植被的地上生物量具有一定差異性。其中大針茅草原地上生物量最大,羊草(Leymus chinensis)草原和貝加爾針茅草原地上生物量相對(duì)較高,冷蒿(Artemisia frigida)草原地上生物量相對(duì)較低。(5)植被優(yōu)勢(shì)種光合特性研究表明,冷蒿的光合能力較強(qiáng),暗呼吸速率較弱,其光合利用效率相對(duì)最高,對(duì)光的響應(yīng)較為敏感;植物的光響應(yīng)曲線觀測(cè)和模擬研究表明,決定系數(shù)R2均已經(jīng)達(dá)到0.97以上,說明模型從整體上對(duì)5種植物的擬合效果較好。(6)研究區(qū)植被動(dòng)態(tài)變化研究結(jié)果顯示,1991-2010年期間,不同植被覆蓋度等級(jí)變化較為明顯,水體面積逐漸減小。其中1991年,中高等覆蓋度最高,達(dá)到35.95%;1995年,中等覆蓋度最高,達(dá)到59.16%。水體面積由1991年的3270km2下降到2010年的2780km2,對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)刂脖划a(chǎn)生一定影響,其生態(tài)環(huán)境趨于脆弱。
[Abstract]:An important part of Hulun Buir Grassland belong to the grasslands of northern China, and as the ecological barrier in northern China indispensable. Hulun Lake is the largest freshwater lake in Inner Mongolia, it's crucial to the balance of the entire ecosystem of Hulun Lake area. In recent years, with the global warming, and overgrazing, excessive grass and other human the activities of Hulun region grassland degradation is becoming increasingly serious, and the water cut, leading to grassland desertification, salinization, and species diversity reduced. Therefore, carrying out research on grassland vegetation in Hulun Lake has important academic value to explore the dynamic changes of grassland ecosystem in the northern area of our country, and has important significance for ecological the protection of the whole Hulun Buir Grassland. 5 different types of Hulun Lake area of typical grassland vegetation and vegetation composition structure The field investigation and observation research; combined with the local climate and weather station data, the use of LI-6400 photosynthetic system on Photosynthesis Characteristics of different grassland vegetation dominant species of light field observations; through remote sensing image data for the 1991-2010 period of vegetation coverage change were analyzed. Through the above research, the study are as follows results: (1) the vegetation of the study area is mainly composed of Gramineae, Compositae, community composition is relatively complex, vegetation diversity is higher, the Stipa baicalensis (Stipa baicalensis) grassland and Stipa grandis steppe vegetation richness (Stipa grandis) is relatively high, with perennial grasses, showing the characteristics of vegetation in semi-arid (2.) of floristic study area the vegetation survey shows that, from the point of view, the distribution in the world; subordinate perspective, 5 were divided by north temperate grassland vegetation The distribution types of cloth; stipabaicalensissteppe most, showed that the species composition is relatively complex structure, strong ability to adapt. (3) according to the plant diversity index analysis results, 5 types of grassland vegetation, species richness of Stipa baicalensis grassland and Stipa grandis grassland is relatively high, and biodiversity index (4 maximum.) from the study indicate that the aboveground biomass of the 5 types of grassland vegetation aboveground biomass had certain difference. The aboveground biomass of Stipa grandis steppe of Leymus chinensis (Leymus, chinensis) grassland and Baikal esparto aboveground biomass is relatively high (Artemisia FRIGIDA), Artemisia frigida grassland aboveground biomass relative low. (5) the vegetation dominant species photosynthetic characteristics of Artemisia frigida, photosynthetic ability, dark respiration rate is weak, the photosynthetic efficiency is highest, response to light is sensitive; plant response to light. Study and Simulation of line observations show that the coefficient of determination R2 has reached more than 0.97, indicating good model from the whole of the 5 species fit. (6) results in study area vegetation dynamic change research shows that during the period of 1991-2010, different vegetation coverage level changes are relatively obvious, the water area decreased gradually. In 1991, in the the higher coverage is the highest, reaching 35.95%; in 1995, the highest secondary coverage reached 59.16%., the water area decreased from 3270km2 in 1991 to 2780km2 in 2010, has a certain impact on the local vegetation, the ecological environment tends to be fragile.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S812

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 葉子飄;胡文海;閆小紅;段世華;;基于光響應(yīng)機(jī)理模型的不同植物光合特性[J];生態(tài)學(xué)雜志;2016年09期

2 王煊;許子乾;劉e，

本文編號(hào)：1416945