本文關(guān)鍵詞：山東省灰霉病菌對(duì)常用殺菌劑的抗性檢測(cè)及蘸花施藥防治黃瓜灰霉病藥劑篩選　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 灰霉病菌 抗藥性 蘸花施藥

【摘要】：近幾年來(lái),隨著我國(guó)保護(hù)地面積不斷擴(kuò)大,灰霉病已成為危害保護(hù)地作物的重要病害之一,嚴(yán)重阻礙了我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的順利發(fā)展。目前化學(xué)防治是灰霉病的主要防治方式,但由于藥劑的廣泛使用,以及灰霉病菌自身具有的寄主范圍廣、繁殖快、遺傳變異頻繁和氣流傳播的特點(diǎn),灰霉病的抗藥性問(wèn)題日益突出,因需定期檢測(cè)灰霉病菌對(duì)常用殺菌劑的敏感性變化。另外,在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中,菜農(nóng)們使用蘸花植調(diào)劑中加入殺菌劑的方法,以達(dá)到提高坐果率、防治灰霉病的效果,但目前蘸花防治黃瓜灰霉病還存在的問(wèn)題是:何種藥劑及何種劑量效果好、安全等問(wèn)題尚未見(jiàn)系統(tǒng)研究。為此,本論文采用菌絲生長(zhǎng)速率法監(jiān)測(cè)了2016年山東地區(qū)85個(gè)灰霉菌株對(duì)多菌靈、腐霉利、乙霉威等常用藥劑的敏感性;研究了異菌脲、啶酰菌胺、咯菌腈等10種藥劑蘸花施藥對(duì)黃瓜灰霉病的防效,初步評(píng)估了10種藥劑蘸花防治灰霉病的可行性,并篩選出了有效藥劑及最佳劑量,為蘸花施藥技術(shù)防治黃瓜灰霉病提供了依據(jù)。主要結(jié)果如下:1.85個(gè)山東地區(qū)灰霉測(cè)試菌株中,未檢測(cè)到多菌靈敏感菌株,多菌靈高抗頻率為84.71%;對(duì)腐霉利的抗性頻率為92.94%,高抗菌株所占比例為10.59%;對(duì)異菌脲的抗性頻率為89.41%,低抗菌株頻率為74.12%;對(duì)乙霉威的抗性頻率高達(dá)96.47%,高抗菌株所占比例為21.18%;對(duì)嘧霉胺的抗性頻率為98.82%,高抗菌株頻率為94.12%;對(duì)啶菌VA唑的敏感菌株占總株數(shù)的98.82%,低抗菌株所占比例為1.18%;對(duì)氟吡菌酰胺抗性頻率為64.71%,中抗菌株頻率為44.71%;對(duì)啶酰菌胺的敏感菌株所占比例為77.65%,高抗頻率為5.26%;對(duì)咯菌腈敏感菌株占總菌株的87.06%,高抗菌株所占比例為1.18%;檢測(cè)85個(gè)山東地區(qū)的灰霉菌株中,未發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)氟啶胺產(chǎn)生抗性的灰霉菌株;對(duì)吡唑萘菌胺敏感頻率為89.41%,低抗性頻率為1.18%。2、氟吡菌酰胺、吡唑萘菌胺、啶酰菌胺、咯菌腈、啶菌VA唑在較低劑量蘸花處理,有較好的防效。氟吡菌酰胺20μg m L-1,吡唑萘菌胺30μg mL-1,啶酰菌胺30μg mL-1,咯菌腈30μg m L-1,啶菌VA唑30μg mL-1的防效分別為80.04%,81.31%,83.95%,87.12%,83.27%,與氯吡脲單劑處理以及空白對(duì)照相比,五種藥劑低劑量蘸花處理對(duì)黃瓜的成果率、單果重?zé)o不良影響。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with China's protected area continues to expand, Botrytis cinerea has become a hazard to protect one of the important diseases of crops, seriously hindered the development of agricultural production in China. Currently chemical control is the main way to control Botrytis cinerea, but due to the widespread use of pesticides, host range and Botrytis cinerea has its own the wide, fast breeding, genetic variation characteristics and frequent airflow propagation, resistance to Botrytis cinerea is increasingly prominent, because the sensitivity of regular detection of Botrytis cinerea to fungicides. In addition, in the actual production, method of fungicide addition of vegetable farmers using floral dip planting to improve dispensing. The fruit setting rate, the control of gray mold effect, but the flower dip control cucumber grey mold problems still exist: what is what dose of medicament and good effect, safety and other issues have not been studied. Therefore, this paper uses mycelium The growth rate was detected in Shandong in 2016 85 isolates to carbendazim, procymidone, and other commonly used agents diethofencarb sensitivity; of iprodione, boscalid, fludioxonil and other 10 kinds of medicament spraying dipping flower control effect on Botrytis cinerea, preliminary assessment of the feasibility of 10 chemical dipping flower control of Botrytis cinerea, and screened out the effective medicament and the best dosage, provide the basis for the floral dip control cucumber grey mold spraying technology. The main results are as follows: 1.85 test strains of Botrytis cinerea in Shandong area, was not detected in bacteria sensitive strains, carbendazim is 84.71% high frequency resistance; the frequency of procymidone resistant strains was 92.94%, accounted for 10.59%; the frequency of resistance to iprodione was 89.41%, the low frequency of 74.12% strains of antibacterial resistance; frequency of diethofencarb was as high as 96.47%, high resistant strains accounted for 21.18%; the frequency of resistance to pyrimethanil was 98.82%, 楂樻姉鑿屾牚棰戠巼涓，

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