本文關(guān)鍵詞：黃土區(qū)露天煤礦排土場植被恢復的水肥響應(yīng)及其空間變異研究　出處：《中國地質(zhì)大學(北京)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 排土場 植被恢復 因子分析 地統(tǒng)計學 耦合協(xié)調(diào)度

【摘要】：礦區(qū)復墾植被與土壤環(huán)境之間存在著復雜的交互關(guān)系,兩者相互依存且制約;特別是土壤肥力和水分與植被恢復關(guān)系密切。因此,如何實現(xiàn)復墾植被與土壤水肥協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展以促進生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的改善是礦區(qū)生態(tài)恢復的核心問題。為此,本文選擇山西平朔礦區(qū)安太堡露天煤礦南排土場和西排土場復墾區(qū),通過因子分析方法、地統(tǒng)計學方法以及構(gòu)建耦合協(xié)調(diào)度模型分析了露天煤礦排土場土壤水肥特性與復墾植被之間的關(guān)系,探討了當前自然環(huán)境下影響復墾植被的主要土壤因子與礦區(qū)土壤水肥條件和復墾植被的協(xié)調(diào)程度。通過研究得到以下結(jié)論:(1)通過對礦區(qū)土壤水肥因素和復墾植被數(shù)據(jù)進行因子分析與耦合協(xié)調(diào)度研究發(fā)現(xiàn),土壤肥力因素是影響平朔礦區(qū)排土場植被恢復的主要因子,其次是土壤水分因素。(2)描述性統(tǒng)計分析顯示,研究區(qū)內(nèi)土壤水肥特性和復墾植被各指標的變異系數(shù)均處在10%-70%之間,屬于中等變異,所有的指標均符合正態(tài)分布。在0-40 cm的土層中,土壤含水量隨著深度的增加而增大,土壤有機質(zhì)和全氮的變化趨勢與之相反。復墾樣地植被生長狀況良好,其中樣地Ⅰ內(nèi)喬木生長狀況最優(yōu),樣地Ⅲ內(nèi)草本覆蓋度最高。(3)研究區(qū)土壤含水量、有機質(zhì)和全氮變量有較明顯的空間相關(guān)性,個別變量的空間相關(guān)性很強;復墾樣地中的草本蓋度呈現(xiàn)出良好的空間相關(guān)性,除去樣地Ⅱ中蓄積量其余各變量的空間相關(guān)性較為明顯。(4)根據(jù)地統(tǒng)計學方法得到的土壤肥力空間分布特征圖顯示土壤有機質(zhì)和全氮含量有一定的空間相關(guān)性,研究區(qū)內(nèi)復墾樣地中土壤有機質(zhì)和全氮的空間分布特征極其相似。(5)研究區(qū)內(nèi)土壤水肥與復墾植被的耦合協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系皆為基本協(xié)調(diào),說明當前的土壤環(huán)境基本能滿足植被生長的需求。其中南排土場的復墾樣地兩系統(tǒng)的協(xié)調(diào)階段為基本協(xié)調(diào),土壤環(huán)境與植被的適宜度較好,西排土場復墾樣地處于基本協(xié)調(diào)—植被滯后階段。
[Abstract]:There is a complex interaction between the reclamation vegetation and the soil environment in the mining area, which depends on and restricts each other. Especially, soil fertility and moisture are closely related to vegetation restoration. Therefore, how to realize the coordinated development of reclaimed vegetation and soil water and fertilizer to promote the improvement of ecosystem is the core problem of ecological restoration in mining area. This paper chooses the south dump of Antaibao opencast coal mine and the reclamation area of west dump in Pingshuo mining area, Shanxi Province, through the method of factor analysis. The relationship between soil water and fertilizer characteristics and reclaimed vegetation in open pit dump was analyzed by geostatistics method and coupling coordination model. In this paper, the main soil factors affecting the reclamation vegetation in the natural environment are discussed, and the soil water and fertilizer conditions in the mining area and the degree of coordination of the reclamation vegetation are discussed. The following conclusions are obtained from the study. The factors of soil water and fertilizer in mining area and the vegetation data of reclamation were studied by factor analysis and coupling coordination. Soil fertility is the main factor affecting vegetation restoration in Pingshuo dump, followed by soil moisture. The coefficient of variation of soil water and fertilizer characteristics and vegetation indexes were between 10% and 70% in the study area, which belonged to moderate variation, and all the indexes were in accordance with normal distribution in 0-40 cm soil layer. The soil water content increased with the increase of soil depth, and the change trend of soil organic matter and total nitrogen was opposite. The soil water content, organic matter and total nitrogen variables had obvious spatial correlation, and the spatial correlation of individual variables was very strong. The herbaceous coverage of reclaimed land showed good spatial correlation. The spatial correlation of the other variables except the volume in plot 鈪，

本文編號：1394290