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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：磷鉀肥長期配施對番茄鐵、錳、銅、鋅吸收分配及產(chǎn)量的影響　出處：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 磷鉀肥配施 番茄 微量元素 產(chǎn)量 品質(zhì)

【摘要】：本文以科學(xué)施肥為最終目的,研究了土壤微量元素對番茄品質(zhì)產(chǎn)量影響,同時分析了番茄果實中微量元素鐵、錳、銅、鋅的含量。在28年長期定位施肥實驗研究基礎(chǔ)上,以番茄'金冠8號'為供試材料,通過研究磷鉀肥配施對土壤、番茄植株、番茄果實中微量元素含量的影響,明確番茄中鐵、錳、銅、鋅的吸收分配,確定不同施肥條件下,微量元素含量的變化情況。同時,通過對不同肥料間配施的研究,探討磷鉀肥配施對番茄產(chǎn)量品質(zhì)的影響。得出的結(jié)論是:1.磷鉀肥配施對土壤中鐵含量影響并不顯著;施有機肥或磷鉀肥可以提高土壤錳元素含量,施有機肥與氮磷肥則相反;有機肥與氮肥配施可以提高銅含量;施有機肥可以提高土壤鋅元素含量。2.施肥對番茄植株中微量元素含量影響較大。其中磷鉀肥配施的情況下可以提升根中鐵、錳、銅的含量,但是會導(dǎo)致根中鋅含量降低;有機肥與氮磷肥配施使莖部鐵含量增加;有機肥與氮鉀肥配施或氮磷肥配施均可以提高葉片中鐵的含量;有機肥可以降低葉片中錳含量;氮鉀肥配施可以增加葉片中銅含量,而有機肥與氮肥配施則降低了葉片中銅含量;有機肥與氮鉀肥配施降低了葉片中鋅含量。3.施肥對果實中鐵、錳、銅、鋅含量有較大的影響。其中施有機肥可以降低番茄果實中鐵、錳的含量,磷鉀肥配施可以提高果實中錳、銅的含量,有機肥與氮肥配施果實中錳、銅含量則有所下降;磷肥單施可以提高果實中鋅含量,磷鉀肥配施則起相反的作用。4.明確了番茄植株各個部位中微量元素鐵、錳、銅、鋅所占的分配比例,各施肥處理中番茄鐵元素分配表現(xiàn)為地上部均低于地下部,錳元素則相反;有機肥與磷鉀肥配施處理番茄銅元素分配表現(xiàn)為地上部低于地下部,其他處理地上部與地下部處于基本平衡狀態(tài);施有機肥處理番茄鋅分配表現(xiàn)為地上部高于地下部,只施氮肥番茄鋅分配表現(xiàn)為地上部低于地下部。5.施肥對番茄單果重及總產(chǎn)量都有所影響,有機無機肥之間的合理配施可以明顯提高番茄的產(chǎn)量和單果重;磷鉀肥配施對番茄總產(chǎn)量存在一定影響,但是對番茄單果重?zé)o顯著影響。有機無機肥配施對番茄果實的含糖量,含酸量影響較大,表現(xiàn)為施肥后可以大幅提升瓜果中可溶性糖的含量,同時降低有機酸的含量,從而提高了糖酸比,改善了番茄的風(fēng)味,提高了番茄的品質(zhì)及營養(yǎng)性狀。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the effect of soil trace elements on tomato quality and yield was studied, and the trace elements Fe, mn and Cu in tomato fruit were analyzed. Zinc content. On the basis of 28 years' long-term fertilization experiment, tomato 'Jinguan 8' was used as the experimental material, through the study of phosphate and potassium fertilizer to soil, tomato plants. The effect of trace element content in tomato fruit, the absorption and distribution of iron, manganese, copper and zinc in tomato, and the change of trace element content under different fertilization conditions were determined. The effect of phosphate and potash fertilizer combination on tomato yield and quality was studied through the study of different fertilizer combinations. The conclusion is: 1. The effect of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer combination on soil iron content is not significant. Application of organic fertilizer or phosphate and potassium fertilizer could increase the content of manganese in soil, but organic fertilizer and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer were opposite. The combination of organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer could increase the copper content. The application of organic fertilizer could increase the content of zinc in soil. 2. Fertilization had a great effect on the content of trace elements in tomato plants. The content of iron, manganese and copper in the roots could be increased by the combination of phosphate and potassium fertilizer. However, the content of zinc in root decreased. Combined application of organic fertilizer and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer increased iron content in stem. Organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen and potassium fertilizer or nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer can increase the content of iron in leaves. Organic fertilizer can reduce manganese content in leaves; The combined application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer can increase the copper content in leaves, while organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer can reduce the content of copper in leaves. Combined application of organic fertilizer and nitrogen and potassium fertilizer decreased the content of Zn in leaves. Fertilization had a great effect on the contents of Fe, mn, Cu and Zn in fruit. Organic fertilizer could reduce the content of Fe and mn in tomato fruit. The content of mn and Cu in fruit could be increased by combined application of phosphate and potash, but the content of mn and Cu in fruit was decreased by applying organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer. Phosphate fertilizer alone can increase the content of zinc in the fruit, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer combined with application plays the opposite role. 4. The distribution ratio of trace elements Fe, mn, Cu and Zn in tomato plant was determined. In each fertilization treatment, the distribution of iron elements in tomato was lower than that in underground part, but manganese element was opposite. The distribution of Cu in tomato treated with organic fertilizer and phosphate and potash fertilizer was lower than that of underground part, and the other treatments were in basic equilibrium state. The zinc distribution of tomato treated by organic fertilizer was higher than that of underground part, and that of nitrogen fertilizer was lower than that of underground part. 5. The effect of fertilization on the weight of single fruit and total yield of tomato was also found. The reasonable combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers could significantly increase the yield and fruit weight of tomato. The combined application of phosphate and potash fertilizer had some effect on the total yield of tomato, but had no significant effect on the single fruit weight of tomato. The combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer had a great effect on the sugar content and acid content of tomato fruit. The results showed that the content of soluble sugar in melon and fruit could be increased after fertilization, and the content of organic acid was decreased, thus the ratio of sugar to acid was increased, the flavor of tomato was improved, and the quality and nutritional character of tomato were improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S641.2

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