本文關鍵詞：玉米缽育移栽機缽苗自動切分裝置的結構設計與試驗研究　出處：《黑龍江八一農墾大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 玉米移栽機 紙缽苗 自動切分苗 切割刀 PLC

【摘要】：玉米缽育移栽技術能夠增加積溫,對于延長玉米生長期、提高單產、改善質量至關重要。紙缽盤透氣透水性良好且材料可降解,利用紙缽培育秧苗進行移栽時,苗缽無需分離,更有利于降低秧苗損傷率。分析國內外移栽機發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀可知,全自動移栽機和半自動移栽機最主要的差別在于取苗和送苗方式的不同以及裝置的自動化程度存在差異,全自動移栽機取苗、送苗機構的性能對移栽效果和移栽后秧苗的成活率有十分重要的影響。本文基于導苗筒式移栽機的結構特點,結合紙缽苗育苗農藝和移栽要求,設計一種自動切分苗裝置,以達到提高分苗效率、降低秧苗損傷,降低勞動強度的目的。首先,以彎曲、正切、滑切三種破壞方式對紙缽苗力學特性進行研究,分析三種破壞試驗力隨著位移的變化規(guī)律,以此來確定最佳的缽盤破壞方式及所需力的大小。試驗結果表明:滑切為最佳的切割方式,所需切割力最小且切割后缽盤完整度最高。其次,提出自動切分苗裝置設計目標,建立自動切分苗裝置的三維模型,對裝置進行干涉性檢驗及運動學仿真分析,并對關鍵部件切割刀進行有限元分析。結果表明:機構不存在干涉現(xiàn)象;對刀刃施加50N或100N的力時,變形量分別為0.00266mm和0.00399mm,變形微小,證明自動切分苗裝置的設計合理。對PLC、步進電機、氣缸和傳感器等進行設計與分析,編寫PLC控制程序,由氣缸帶動切割刀往復直線運動來切割缽苗,由步進電機驅動輸送鏈間歇運送缽苗,以此來實現(xiàn)對自動切分苗裝置的協(xié)調控制。最后,根據(jù)三維設計模型搭建自動切分苗裝置試驗臺,對裝置的參數(shù)進行試驗研究。通過單因素和正交試驗設計,來確定影響因素范圍、因素對分苗成功率的影響順序以及優(yōu)化參數(shù)組合,采用SPSS和MATLAB進行數(shù)據(jù)分析。試驗結果表明:刀刃弧度55°,送苗頻率90株/min,切割速度0.625m/s是一組較優(yōu)的機構參數(shù),此時分苗成功率為84.2%,缽苗完整度高,分苗效果良好。綜上所述,本文通過對紙缽苗力學特性研究獲得滑切所需切割力極值范圍為30N-40N,在此基礎上設計了由PLC協(xié)調控制的自動切分苗裝置,并通過試驗得出了優(yōu)化參數(shù)組合。本文設計的自動切分苗裝置對于提高玉米缽育移栽機的自動化程度,減少勞動力的消耗,降低秧苗損傷率有重要意義,為全自動玉米移栽機的發(fā)展奠定基礎。
[Abstract]:Maize breeding and transplanting technology can increase the temperature, to extend the corn growth period, increase the yield, improve the quality of paper tray is very important. Good permeability and material degradation, cultivating seedling transplanting with paper pot seedling pot, without separation, more conducive to reduce the damage rate of the seedlings. The analysis of the development status at home and abroad transplanting machine the difference, automatic transplanting machine and automatic transplanting machine is the most important difference from the different ways of seedling and the seedling feeding device and the degree of automation, automatic transplanting machine performance of seedling, the seedling feeding mechanism on transplanting effect and after transplanting seedling survival rate has very important effect. The structure features of the guide tube type transplanting machine based on the combination of paper pot seedling transplanting and agronomic requirements, design a kind of automatic segmentation of seedling device, in order to improve the efficiency of seedlings, reduce seedling damage, reduce the labor intensity. First of all, to bend, tangent, sliding cutting three failure modes of the mechanical properties of paper pot seedling, analysis of three kinds of destructive test force changes with displacement, in order to determine the best bowl failure modes and the force required. Test results show that the best way for sliding cutting cutting, required the minimum cutting force and cutting after the bowl to complete the highest degree. Secondly, the automatic segmentation of seedling device design goal, the establishment of 3D model of automatic segmentation of seedling device, analyzed the interference test and kinematics simulation of the device, and the key components of the cutting knife for finite element analysis. The results show that the device has not imposed interference phenomenon; 50N or 100N of the blade force, deformation is 0.00266mm and 0.00399mm respectively, deformation small, proved that the design is reasonable. The automatic segmentation of seedling device of PLC, stepper motor, cylinder and sensor design and analysis, the preparation of PLC The control program, a cylinder drives the cutter to cut the reciprocating motion of seedling, driven by a stepping motor transport chain intermittent transport seedling, in order to realize the coordinated control of automatic segmentation of seedling device. Finally, according to the 3D design model to build automatic segmentation seedling test unit, were studied by single parameters on the device. Factor and orthogonal design to determine the factors influencing scope, order and optimized parameters influencing factors on seedling success rate, using SPSS and MATLAB for data analysis. The experimental results show that the blade curvature of 55 degrees, the seedling feeding frequency of 90 strains of /min, the cutting speed 0.625m/s is a set of parameters of better institutions, this time seedling success rate was 84.2%, seedling seedlings complete degree is high, the effect is good. To sum up, this paper obtained by sliding cutting cutting force required for extreme range of 30N-40N on the mechanical properties of paper pot seedling, on the basis of this. The automatic segmentation of seedling device controlled by PLC, and the parameters are optimized by experiments. The design of the automatic segmentation device to improve the degree of automation of maize seedling breeding transplanter, reduce labor consumption, have important significance to reduce the damage rate of seedling, lay the foundation for the development of automatic corn transplanter.

【學位授予單位】：黑龍江八一農墾大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S223.9

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本文編號：1363432