發(fā)布時(shí)間：2017-12-31 22:17

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：氮鉀配施對(duì)龍粳31產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響　出處：《黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 水稻 氮鉀 產(chǎn)量 品質(zhì)

【摘要】：本試驗(yàn)于2016年在黑龍江省勝利農(nóng)場(chǎng)第七管理區(qū)試驗(yàn)田進(jìn)行,以龍粳31為供試品種,以本田氮、鉀不同施入量為處理,采用隨機(jī)區(qū)組設(shè)計(jì),研究氮肥及鉀肥不同施肥量對(duì)龍粳31生育動(dòng)態(tài)、群體質(zhì)量、產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響,達(dá)到為寒地水稻合理施肥提供理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)支撐的目的。研究主要結(jié)果如下:氮肥施用量相同時(shí),適量鉀能夠增加植株高度,當(dāng)鉀肥施用過量時(shí)對(duì)株高有抑制作用。當(dāng)?shù)屎外浄适┯镁^常規(guī)施肥量時(shí),植株株高提升明顯。鉀肥施用量一定的條件下,株高隨氮肥用量的增加而升高。處理N_5K_5株高最高(113.67cm)。氮肥一定量時(shí)齊穗期莖數(shù)增多,氮肥超量時(shí)齊穗期莖數(shù)減少。分蘗末期處理N_5K_5莖數(shù)最多為19個(gè)/穴,齊穗期處理N_5K_2最多為24.3個(gè)/穴。施用氮肥和鉀肥有利于提高水稻葉面積指數(shù)及干物質(zhì)積累量,顯著高于對(duì)照區(qū)(N_3K_3),且鉀肥與氮肥存在明顯的互作效應(yīng),氮肥對(duì)葉面積指數(shù)及水稻干物質(zhì)積累的影響大于鉀肥,葉面積指數(shù)最高處理N_5K_5(3.93),干物質(zhì)積累齊穗期以N_5K_5最高(52.3g/穴)、成熟期以N_4K_4最高(96.7g/穴)。施氮量為N_1、N_2時(shí),穗數(shù)隨鉀肥用量增加而升高,施氮量為N_3、N_4、N_5時(shí),穗數(shù)隨鉀肥用量增加而先升高后降低。施鉀量為K_1、K_2時(shí),穗數(shù)隨氮肥用量增加呈升高趨勢(shì),施鉀量為K_3、K_4、K_5時(shí),穗數(shù)隨氮肥用量增加而先升高后降低。氮肥用量一定時(shí)穗粒數(shù)隨鉀用量增加呈先升高后降低趨勢(shì),鉀肥用量一定時(shí)穗粒數(shù)隨氮用量增加呈先升高后降低趨勢(shì)。施氮量為N_1、N_2、N_5時(shí),結(jié)實(shí)率隨鉀肥用量增加呈先升高后降低趨勢(shì),施氮量為N_3、N_4時(shí),結(jié)實(shí)率隨鉀肥用量增加呈降低趨勢(shì)。不同氮鉀施肥量對(duì)水稻產(chǎn)量具有顯著影響。當(dāng)施氮量為N_1、N_2時(shí),水稻產(chǎn)量隨鉀肥施用量增加呈上升趨勢(shì),當(dāng)施氮量為N_3、N_4時(shí),水稻產(chǎn)量隨鉀肥施用量增加呈先上升后降低趨勢(shì),當(dāng)施氮量為N_5時(shí),水稻產(chǎn)量隨鉀肥施用量增加呈降低趨勢(shì)。當(dāng)施鉀量為K_1時(shí),產(chǎn)量隨氮的增加呈升高趨勢(shì),當(dāng)施鉀量為K_2、K_3、K_4、K_5時(shí),產(chǎn)量隨氮的增加呈先升高后降低趨勢(shì),處理N_4K_4產(chǎn)量最高(11615.81kg/hm~2)。氮肥或鉀肥對(duì)水稻食味評(píng)分的影響均達(dá)到顯著水平,且存在極顯著的互作效應(yīng),氮鉀互作下的食味評(píng)分以處理N_3K_4最高,即氮肥76.56 kg/hm~2,鉀肥78.75kg/hm~2時(shí)為最佳配置,食味達(dá)到85.2,較不施肥提高10.5%,差異達(dá)顯著水平。氮鉀肥用量對(duì)水稻生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和產(chǎn)量、品質(zhì)有重要影響,在供試條件下,高產(chǎn)處理為氮肥76.56 kg/hm~2-114.84 kg/hm~2、鉀肥52.5kg/hm~2-78.75 kg/hm~2;優(yōu)質(zhì)處理為:氮肥76.56kg/hm~2-114.84 kg/hm~2、鉀肥78.75 kg/hm~2-105 kg/hm~2;高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)處理為:氮肥114.84kg/hm~2,鉀肥78.75 kg/hm~2。
[Abstract]:The experiment was carried out in 7th management area of Shengli Farm in Heilongjiang Province on 2016. Longjing 31 was used as the tested variety and Honda nitrogen and potassium were treated with different amounts of nitrogen and potassium. The random block design was adopted. The effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer on the growth dynamics, population quality, yield and quality of Longjing 31 were studied. The main results are as follows: when the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is the same, appropriate potassium can increase plant height. The plant height was inhibited when the potassium fertilizer was applied too much. When the amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer was higher than that of the conventional fertilizer, the plant height was increased obviously, and the plant height was increased obviously under the condition of certain amount of potassium fertilizer. The plant height increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The highest plant height was 113.67 cm / cm ~ (-1) in N _ 5K _ s _ 5. The number of stems at full heading stage increased with a certain amount of nitrogen fertilizer. The number of stems at full heading stage decreased when nitrogen fertilizer was overloaded, and the maximum number of stems per hole was 19 / hole in N _ s _ 5K _ S _ 5 at the end of tiller treatment. The maximum number of N _ 5K _ 2 was 24.3 / hole at full heading stage. Applying nitrogen and potassium fertilizer could increase the leaf area index and dry matter accumulation of rice, which was significantly higher than that of N _ 3K _ (3) in the control area. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on leaf area index and dry matter accumulation of rice was greater than that on potash fertilizer. In the full heading stage of dry matter accumulation, the highest value of 52.3 g / hole was in Ns _ 5K _ 5 and 96. 7 g / d in N4KK _ 4 at maturity stage, and the N application amount was N _ 1 / N _ 2 when N _ 1 and N _ (2) were used. The number of spikes increased with the increase of potassium fertilizer application. When the N application rate was N _ 3N _ 4 and N _ (5), the number of ears increased first and then decreased with the increase of potassium fertilizer application, and K _ (1) and K _ (2) were applied at the time of K _ (1) and K _ (2). The number of spikelets increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and the amount of potassium applied was K _ s _ 3K _ 4 / K _ S _ 5. The number of panicles increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application, and the number of grains per spike increased first and then decreased with the increase of potassium application. The number of grains per spike increased first and then decreased with the increase of the amount of potassium fertilizer, and the seed setting rate increased first and then decreased with the increase of the amount of potassium fertilizer. The seed setting rate decreased with the increase of potassium application rate when N application rate was N _ 3 / N _ 4. Different nitrogen and potassium fertilizer rates had a significant effect on rice yield, and when N _ 2 was N _ (1) N _ (1) N _ (2) N _ (2). The yield of rice increased with the application of potassium fertilizer. When the amount of N applied was N _ 3 / N _ 4, the yield of rice increased first and then decreased with the increase of potassium application rate, and when the amount of N application was N _ 5, the yield of rice increased first and then decreased. The yield of rice decreased with the increase of potassium fertilizer application rate. When the potassium application amount was K _ (-1), the yield increased with the increase of nitrogen, and when K _ (2) was applied to K _ (2) / K _ (3) / K _ (3) / K _ (th), the yield increased with the increase of K _ (1). The yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen, and the highest yield of N4Kap4 was 11615.81 kg / hm-1 路h ~ (2 +). The effect of nitrogen or potassium fertilizer on rice food taste score reached significant level. In addition, there was a significant interaction effect. The food taste score of N _ 3K _ (4) was the highest in N _ 3K _ (4), that is, 76.56 kg/hm~2 of nitrogen fertilizer under the interaction of N ~ (2 +) and K _ (+). The best allocation of potassium fertilizer was 78.75 kg 路hm ~ (-1) 路hm ~ (-1) ~ 2:00, and the food taste reached 85.2, which increased 10.55.The difference was significant compared with that of no fertilizer application. The application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer on the growth and yield of rice was significant. The high yield treatment was 76. 56 kg/hm~2-114.84 kg/hm~2. Potassium fertilizer 52.5 kg / hmcr ~ (2) -78.75 kg 路h ~ (m-1) ~ (2); The high quality treatments were as follows: nitrogen 76.56 kg / hm ~ (-1) 2-114.84 kg / hm ~ (2), potassium 78.75 kg/hm~2-105 路kg ~ (-1) 路hm ~ (2) ~ (-1); The high yield and good quality treatments were as follows: nitrogen fertilizer 114.84 kg / hmc-2, potassium fertilizer 78.75 kg / hmc-2.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S511.22

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