發(fā)布時(shí)間：2017-12-28 14:03

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：秸稈覆蓋下穴灌土壤水氮熱運(yùn)移規(guī)律研究　出處：《河北工程大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 穴灌 秸稈覆蓋 灌水量 施肥量 硝態(tài)氮

【摘要】：隨著我國農(nóng)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,秸稈覆蓋技術(shù)為我國農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)帶來了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。而穴灌技術(shù)是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)一種有效的節(jié)水灌溉方式,本文充分利用穴灌和秸稈覆蓋的技術(shù)特點(diǎn),通過大田試驗(yàn)和理論分析相結(jié)合的技術(shù)路線,研究了不同灌水技術(shù)要素和施肥技術(shù)措施對(duì)穴灌土壤水氮熱運(yùn)移規(guī)律的影響。主要研究成果如下:(1)研究了灌水技術(shù)要素對(duì)秸稈覆蓋下穴灌土壤水氮熱運(yùn)移分布的影響。其中灌水技術(shù)要素包括:穴坑深、穴坑直徑和灌水量三個(gè)因素。穴坑越深,灌后同一時(shí)刻的垂直濕潤鋒運(yùn)移距離越大;不同穴坑深度的土壤含水率均隨著距坑底距離的增加而減小,相同灌水要素條件下,穴坑深度越大,同一點(diǎn)處土壤含水率越大;不同穴坑深度的土壤硝態(tài)氮均隨著距坑底越遠(yuǎn)含量越高,相同灌水要素條件下,穴坑深度越大,同一點(diǎn)處土壤硝態(tài)氮含量越低。不同穴坑深度的土壤溫度在穴坑底部均隨著土壤深度的增加先升高后降低,穴坑深度越大,相同位置處土壤溫度越低。穴坑直徑越大,灌后同一時(shí)刻的垂直濕潤鋒運(yùn)移距離越小;不同穴坑直徑的土壤含水率均隨著距坑底距離的增加而減小,相同灌水要素條件下,穴坑直徑對(duì)穴灌土壤含水率的影響并不顯著;不同穴坑直徑的土壤硝態(tài)氮均隨著距坑底越遠(yuǎn)含量越高,土壤中硝態(tài)氮含量也隨著穴坑直徑的增大而增大。不同穴坑直徑的土壤溫度在穴坑底部均隨著土壤深度的增加先升高后降低,穴坑直徑越大,相同位置處土壤溫度越高。灌水量越大,灌后同一時(shí)刻的垂直濕潤鋒運(yùn)移距離越大;不同灌水量的土壤含水率均隨著距坑底距離的增加而減小,相同穴坑結(jié)構(gòu)條件下,灌水量越大,同一點(diǎn)處土壤含水率越大;不同灌水量的土壤硝態(tài)氮均隨著距坑底越遠(yuǎn)含量越高,相同穴坑結(jié)構(gòu)條件下,灌水量增大,穴坑附近硝態(tài)氮含量減小,穴坑深層土壤硝態(tài)氮含量增大。不同灌水量的土壤溫度在穴坑底部均隨著土壤深度的增加先升高后降低,灌水量越大,相同位置處土壤溫度越低。灌后再分布階段有秸稈覆蓋下的穴坑土壤含水率要大于無秸稈覆蓋處理,秸稈覆蓋有效的促進(jìn)了硝態(tài)氮向深層土壤運(yùn)移,減少了硝態(tài)氮的損失。而且有秸稈覆蓋下的穴坑坑底土壤溫度日變化幅度明顯要小于無秸稈覆蓋處理。(2)研究了施肥技術(shù)措施對(duì)秸稈覆蓋下穴灌土壤水氮熱運(yùn)移分布的影響。其中施肥技術(shù)措施包括:施肥量和施肥方式兩個(gè)因素。施肥量越大,灌后同一時(shí)刻的垂直濕潤鋒運(yùn)移距離越大;不同施肥量的土壤含水率均隨著距坑底距離的增加而減小,相同灌水要素條件下,施肥量越大,同一點(diǎn)處土壤含水率越大;不同施肥量的土壤硝態(tài)氮均隨著距坑底越遠(yuǎn)含量越高,相同灌水要素條件下,增加施肥量,同一點(diǎn)處的土壤硝態(tài)氮含量就越高。不同施肥量的土壤溫度在穴坑底部均隨著土壤深度的增加先升高后降低,施肥量越大,相同位置處土壤溫度越高。在灌后0h,不同施肥方式的垂直濕潤鋒運(yùn)移距離大小順序?yàn)?灌施、深施、表施。不同施肥方式的土壤含水率均隨著距坑底距離的增加而減小,相同試驗(yàn)條件下,在濕潤體同一點(diǎn)處灌施和深施的土壤含水率要大于表施土壤含水率。灌施條件下土壤硝態(tài)氮隨著距坑底距離越遠(yuǎn)含量越高,表施和深施土壤硝態(tài)氮含量均隨著距坑底距離的增加呈先變大后減小的趨勢(shì)。灌后再分布階段,剖面土壤含水率和硝態(tài)氮均隨著灌后時(shí)間的延長逐漸降低。不同施肥方式處理的土壤水氮分布規(guī)律與灌水結(jié)束時(shí)相似。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's agriculture, straw mulching technology has brought great economic benefits to agricultural production in China. The hole irrigation technology is an effective agricultural water-saving irrigation technology, make full use of the characteristics of this hole irrigation and straw mulching, technical route through the combination of field experiment and theoretical analysis of the effects of different irrigation and fertilization measures irrigation technical elements between soil water and nitrogen heat transport to the point. The main research results are as follows: (1) the effect of irrigation technology factors on the distribution of water and nitrogen heat transfer in soil under straw mulching is studied. The technical elements of irrigation include three factors, the depth of the hole, the diameter of the hole and the amount of water. The deeper the hole, with the vertical wetting front distance at the same time the greater the hole depth of different soil moisture content; rate decreases with increasing distance from the bottom of the elements of the same irrigation condition, hole depth increases, the same point of soil moisture is higher; soil nitrate nitrogen in different the depth of the hole with the distance from the bottom far higher content of elements of the same irrigation condition, hole depth increases, the same point of soil nitrate content was lower. The soil temperature at different pit depths increased at first and then decreased with the increase of soil depth. The greater the pit depth, the lower the soil temperature at the same location. Hole diameter is large, after irrigation, vertical wetting front distance at the same time the smaller hole diameter; different soil water content rate decreases with increasing distance from the bottom of the elements of the same irrigation condition, hole diameter of hole irrigation effects of soil water content is not significant; different hole diameter of soil nitrogen was far above the bottom with higher content of soil nitrate nitrogen content also increases with increasing hole diameter. The soil temperature at different pit hole diameters increases first and then decreases with the increase of soil depth. The larger the pit diameter is, the higher the soil temperature is at the same location. The greater the amount of irrigation, irrigation after the vertical wetting front distance at the same time the greater the amount of irrigation; different soil moisture content rate decreases with increasing distance from the bottom of the hole, the same structural conditions, the greater the amount of irrigation, the same point of soil moisture is higher; soil nitrate nitrogen in different irrigation the amount of both with the distance from the bottom is far higher, the same hole structure under the condition of irrigation quantity increased, nitrate content near the hole hole depth decreases, increasing soil nitrate content. The soil temperature of different irrigation amounts increased first and then decreased with the increase of soil depth, and the greater the amount of irrigation, the lower the soil temperature at the same position. After irrigation, the soil moisture content of the hole with straw mulching is larger than that without straw mulching. Straw mulching effectively promoted nitrate nitrogen transport to deep soil and reduced nitrate nitrogen loss. But under straw mulch cave pit soil temperature daily variation amplitude was significantly higher than no straw mulching. (2) the effects of fertilization techniques on the distribution of water and nitrogen heat transfer in soil under straw mulching were studied. The measures of fertilization include two factors: the amount of fertilizer and the way of fertilization. The greater the amount of fertilization, irrigation after the vertical wetting front distance at the same time more; soil moisture on different fertilization rate decreases with increasing distance from the bottom of the elements of the same irrigation conditions, fertilization amount is larger, the same point of soil moisture is higher; soil nitrate nitrogen fertilization with the distance from the bottom are far higher content of elements under the same irrigation, increasing the amount of fertilizer, the nitrogen content at the same point of soil nitrate is higher. The soil temperature at the bottom of the hole increased first and then decreased with the increase of soil depth, and the higher the amount of fertilizer, the higher the soil temperature at the same position. At 0h after reperfusion, different fertilization methods of the vertical wetting front distance order, deep fertilization, irrigation and fertilization application. The soil water content of different fertilization rate decreases with increasing distance from the bottom, under the same experimental conditions, at the same point in wetting irrigation and deep application of soil moisture is greater than the surface soil moisture content. Under the conditions of irrigation and fertilization of soil nitrate nitrogen with the distance from the bottom farther higher surface and deep application of soil nitrate content decreased with the increase of the distance from the bottom is first increases and then decreases trend. In the redistribution stage after irrigation, the soil moisture content and nitrate nitrogen in the section gradually decreased with the prolongation of the post irrigation time. The distribution of water and nitrogen in soil treated with different fertilization methods was similar to that at the end of irrigation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S152

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