本文關(guān)鍵詞：亞種間四倍體水稻結(jié)實特性及生理特性的研究　出處：《鄭州大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

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【摘要】：在多倍體水平進一步挖掘稻屬植物的潛在價值是當前水稻遺傳改良的重要研究方向之一。前人的研究結(jié)果表明,同源四倍體水稻在大群體與小群體之間存在著結(jié)實率的穩(wěn)定性問題有待進一步研究,而亞種間四倍體水稻具有比較穩(wěn)定的結(jié)實特性。因此,研究亞種間四倍體水稻的結(jié)實特性已經(jīng)成為水稻育種的重要主題之一。本項研究以二倍體粳稻母本、二倍體秈稻父本及穩(wěn)定的亞種間四倍體水稻株系為材料,對其結(jié)實率特性進行了研究。與此同時,以亞種間二倍體水稻及相應(yīng)的亞種間四倍體水稻作為研究材料,分別在發(fā)芽期和幼苗期進行了高溫脅迫和低溫脅迫實驗,以期探明染色體組四倍化后溫度脅迫對水稻生理特性的影響;觀察了溫度脅迫條件下水稻幼苗的萌發(fā)狀態(tài);對部分生理生化指標進行了分析;對脅迫條件下亞種間四倍體水稻幼苗光葉片合特性進行了初步的研究。通過本實驗的研究得出如下結(jié)論:1.研究了亞種間四倍體水稻的結(jié)實特性。研究結(jié)果表明,染色體組加倍后顯著增加了亞種間四倍體水稻的穗長和千粒重;稻穗上部穎花的結(jié)實率高于稻穗中部穎花的結(jié)實率和整穗穎花的平均結(jié)實率,而稻穗下部穎花的結(jié)實率比較低;亞種間四倍體水稻稻穗穎花的結(jié)實率和開花順序與二倍體水稻稻穗穎花的結(jié)實率和開花順序基本一致;在單個稻穗內(nèi)一次枝梗上的穎花由上至下依次開花,一次枝梗上二次枝梗的穎花同樣由上至下依次開花;一次枝梗和二次枝梗上的穎花是枝梗頂端的穎花首先開花,接著從枝梗基部由下向上依次開花;稻穗的整穗穎花的平均結(jié)實率與每穗穎花數(shù)、一次枝梗結(jié)實率、二次枝梗結(jié)實率及穗下部結(jié)實率呈現(xiàn)出極顯著相關(guān)性。與二倍體水稻相比,亞種間四倍體水稻具有比較高且比較穩(wěn)定的結(jié)實特性。2.研究了不同溫度對亞種間四倍體水稻發(fā)芽特性及生化代謝指標的影響。研究結(jié)果表明,溫度脅迫后,四份實驗材料幼苗的發(fā)芽率和發(fā)芽勢均下降,亞種間四倍體水稻的發(fā)芽率及發(fā)芽勢均不同程度的高于相應(yīng)的二倍體材料。對丙二醛的研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),處理后四份實驗材料的丙二醛含量均顯著升高,亞種間四倍體水稻增幅較低且恢復(fù)處理降低了丙二醛的含量,表明亞種間四倍體水稻在溫度脅迫后,膜系統(tǒng)受損傷程度更低,恢復(fù)處理在一定程度上修復(fù)了受損的膜系統(tǒng)�？疾鞙囟让{迫下四倍體水稻的SOD、POD和CAT三種抗氧化酶活性以及脯氨酸含量,發(fā)現(xiàn)其活性均高于相對應(yīng)的二倍體水稻,說明在溫度脅迫下亞種間四倍體水稻對活性氧自由基的清除能力比較強。3.研究了不同溫度對亞種間四倍體水稻光合特性的影響。研究結(jié)果表明,溫度脅迫后,光合氣體交換參數(shù)中的凈光合速率(Pn)、氣孔導度(Gs)和蒸騰速率(Tr)在四份實驗材料中均顯著降低,胞間二氧化碳含量(Ci)升高。在恢復(fù)處理的條件下,亞種間四倍體水稻幼苗材料表現(xiàn)出更強的恢復(fù)能力。從葉綠素熒光參數(shù)的測定結(jié)果來看,整體上來說與光合氣體交換參數(shù)的變化趨勢基本一致。高溫脅迫后主要表現(xiàn)為氣孔限制因素,而低溫脅迫下主要為氣孔限制因素和非氣孔限制因素同時起作用。通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn),相同的溫度脅迫處理對亞種間四倍體水稻光合的影響較小,且能更好地恢復(fù)。這些實驗結(jié)果表明,亞種間四倍體水稻表現(xiàn)出更強的適應(yīng)性和應(yīng)激能力。
[Abstract]:The potential value of further mining of rice plants at the polyploid level is one of the important research directions of rice genetic improvement. Previous studies showed that the stability of the autotetraploid rice in large population and small population needs further study, while the interspecific tetraploid rice has relatively stable seed setting characteristics. Therefore, the study of the seed setting characteristics of tetraploid rice among subspecies has become one of the important topics in rice breeding. In this study, the characteristics of seed setting rate of diploid japonica rice parent, diploid indica male parent and stable interspecific tetraploid rice line were studied. At the same time, the subspecies and the corresponding diploid rice subspecies of tetraploid rice were used as research material, high temperature stress and low temperature stress in the germination period and seedling stage, in order to explore the genome four times after effects of temperature stress on the physiological characteristics of rice; to observe the germination of rice seedlings under temperature stress; the physiological and biochemical indexes were analyzed; the stress conditions of Intersubspecific autotetraploid rice seedlings light leaf photosynthetic characteristics were studied. The conclusions are as follows: 1. the seed setting characteristics of tetraploid rice between subspecies are studied. The results showed that chromosome doubling increased significantly after the subspecies of tetraploid rice panicle length and 1000 grain weight of rice; the upper floret seed rate is higher than the seed setting rate of rice middle spikelet and the whole spikelet average seed setting rate, and lower the rice spikelet setting rate is relatively low; sub species of tetraploid rice rice glume flower and seed setting rate of sequence and diploid rice panicle spikelet fertility rate and flowering order consistent flowering; in a single panicle branch spikelets from up to down in bloom, a branch of the two branch of the same spikelet from up to down in flowering; the first branch and the two branch the spikelet is branch top spikelet flowering stems from the first, then the base from bottom to top of the whole flowering; panicle spikelet per panicle seed setting rate and average number of spikelets per panicle, seed setting rate, a branch of the two branch and seed setting rate of spike The seed setting rate showed a very significant correlation. Compared with diploid rice, the intersubspecific tetraploid rice has higher and more stable seed setting characteristics. 2. the effects of different temperatures on the germination characteristics and biochemical metabolic indices of tetraploid rice in subspecies were studied. The results showed that the germination rate and germination potential of four experimental materials decreased after temperature stress, and the germination rate and germination potential of interspecific tetraploid rice were all higher than those of the corresponding diploid materials. Study on MDA and found that after the treatment of four experimental materials were all significantly increased, the increase in the lower intersubspecific autotetraploid rice and recovery treatment decreased the content of MDA, showed that tetraploid rice subspecies in the temperature stress, the membrane system damage degree is lower, the recovery processing repair damaged the membrane system in a certain degree on. The activities of three antioxidant enzymes and proline contents in SOD, POD and CAT of tetraploid rice under temperature stress were investigated, and their activities were all higher than that of the corresponding diploid rice. It indicated that under temperature stress, the interspecific tetraploid rice had stronger scavenging capacity to ROS. 3. the effects of different temperatures on the photosynthetic characteristics of tetraploid rice between subspecies were studied. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) of the photosynthetic gas exchange parameters decreased significantly in four experimental materials, and the intercellular CO2 content (Ci) increased after temperature stress. Under the condition of recovery treatment, the seedling material of tetraploid rice showed stronger ability to recover. According to the results of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, the trend of the change of photosynthetic gas exchange parameters is basically the same. The main manifestations of high temperature stress are stomatal restriction factors, while the main factors are stomatal restriction and non stomatal limiting factors under low temperature stress. It was found that the same temperature stress treatment had little effect on the photosynthesis of tetraploid rice and could be better recovered. The results of these experiments showed that the intersubspecific tetraploid rice showed stronger adaptability and stress.
【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S511

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