本文關(guān)鍵詞：溫帶典型草原植被退化對(duì)土壤細(xì)菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)的影響　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 溫帶典型草原 植被退化 高通量測(cè)序 細(xì)菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)

【摘要】：土壤微生物在土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中扮演著重要的角色,作為土壤微生物的重要組成部分—土壤細(xì)菌,在整個(gè)土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中具有舉足輕重的地位,它不僅可以促進(jìn)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的能量流動(dòng)和物質(zhì)循環(huán),同時(shí)也是控制生態(tài)系平衡運(yùn)作的重要指標(biāo)。近年來(lái),我國(guó)在此領(lǐng)域的研究主要集中在氣候變化對(duì)土壤細(xì)菌生境影響以及不同土地利用方式對(duì)土壤養(yǎng)分、土壤細(xì)菌的影響,但是在植被-土壤-細(xì)菌三者之間的相互作用關(guān)系沒有進(jìn)一步闡明。本研究以內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)錫林郭勒市毛登牧場(chǎng)"內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)草地生態(tài)學(xué)研究基地"溫帶典型草原為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)高通量測(cè)序的方法,研究了4種退化樣地(羊草輕度、大針茅輕度、中度和重度退化)的植物群落組成、土壤理化性質(zhì)以及土壤細(xì)菌群落組成,分析植被-土壤-細(xì)菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)之間的變化規(guī)律,對(duì)于溫帶典型草原土壤微生物資源的開發(fā)和保護(hù)其生態(tài)環(huán)境具有深遠(yuǎn)的意義。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)0-40 cm地上生物量隨著退化加重而減少,表現(xiàn)為羊草輕度大針茅輕度中度重度退化。地上優(yōu)勢(shì)種氮含量在不同退化樣地的分布差異顯著,重度退化樣地中每個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)種含氮量均為最高(P0.05)。地下根系氮含量也具有顯著差異,中度退化樣地最高(P0.05),這可能是因?yàn)橹卸韧嘶瘶拥氐姆呛瘫究浦参锖虲3植物的總量要高于其余三種類型樣地,所以中度退化樣地的地下根系氮含量要高于其余三種退化樣地。(2)通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)室分析測(cè)得溫帶典型草原四種退化樣地的土壤理化性質(zhì),結(jié)果表明只有0-40 cm 土壤粒度隨著退化程度加重,粉粒所占比重逐漸下降,而黏粒的比例不斷上升。這可能是因?yàn)椴莸赝嘶涌炝送寥里L(fēng)蝕的速度,進(jìn)而使得土壤顆粒粒徑變大。而在0-40 cm表層中重度退化樣地的土壤有機(jī)碳、堿解氮和有效磷含量均為最低。(3)通過(guò)高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)可知,溫帶典型草原4種退化樣地土壤中所有的150213條序列中共發(fā)現(xiàn)27個(gè)門、56個(gè)綱、243個(gè)科、1000個(gè)屬,前6種主要細(xì)菌門比重總和為55.97%,這些細(xì)菌是優(yōu)勢(shì)菌類,這也說(shuō)明雖然各樣地退化程度不同,但是4種樣地的具有相類似的微生物生境。然而,土壤個(gè)別細(xì)菌門在不同樣地間變化較為明顯。(4)四種退化樣地中土壤細(xì)菌種系型豐富度和多樣性差異不顯著(P0.05),兩者沒有隨著植被退化表現(xiàn)出響應(yīng)關(guān)系,中度退化樣地的土壤細(xì)菌種系型豐富度與多樣性均為最高,這說(shuō)明退化對(duì)于土壤細(xì)菌多樣性的影響可能也符合"中度干擾假說(shuō)"。其中,土壤中堿解氮和含水量是影響土壤細(xì)菌多樣性的環(huán)境因子。在門、綱、目、科和屬五種等級(jí)上不同退化樣地種細(xì)菌分布存在差異,這說(shuō)明溫帶典型草原的退化會(huì)導(dǎo)致某種細(xì)菌群落發(fā)生顯著變化,但具體何種因素導(dǎo)致土壤細(xì)菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)變化由于時(shí)間原因沒能深入研究。
[Abstract]:Soil microorganisms play an important role in soil ecosystem, soil microorganism as an important part of soil bacteria, has an important position in the whole soil ecosystem, it can not only promote the energy flow and material circulation of ecological system, ecological balance is an important indicator of control system operation at the same time. In recent years, the research in this field mainly focused on the effect of climate change on soil bacterial habitat and the effects of different land use methods on soil nutrients and soil bacteria. However, the interaction between vegetation and soil bacteria three has not been further elucidated. This study takes the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region City Xilinguole MAODENG pasture "base" of grassland ecology Inner Mongolia University temperate grassland as the research object, through the method of high-throughput sequencing, 4 kinds of degradation plot (Leymus chinensis Stipa grandis mild, mild, moderate and severe degradation) composed of physicochemical properties and composition of plant communities in soil and soil bacteria community, analysis of variation of vegetation soil bacterial community structure, which has profound significance for the development and the temperate typical grassland soil microbial resources to protect the ecological environment. The results showed that: (1) the biomass of 0-40 cm on the ground decreased with the deterioration, which showed mild moderate severe degeneration of Stipa Leymus. The nitrogen content of the dominant species on the ground was significant in different degenerate plots, and the nitrogen content of each dominant species in the severe degraded land was the highest (P0.05). With the nitrogen content of root was significantly difference, moderate degraded plot of the highest (P0.05), this may be because the total amount of moderate degraded plot of non gramineous plants and C3 plants are higher than those of the other three types, so the root nitrogen content of moderate degraded plot is higher than the other three kind of degradation. (2) through laboratory analysis, the physical and chemical properties of four degraded plots in temperate steppe were measured. The results showed that only 0-40 cm soil particle size increased with the deterioration degree, and the proportion of powder decreased gradually, and the proportion of clay increased. This may be because grassland degradation accelerates the speed of soil erosion and increases the particle size of the soil. In the 0-40 cm surface, the soil organic carbon, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen and available phosphorus were the lowest. (3) by high-throughput sequencing showed that 4 kinds of typical temperate grassland soil degradation in 150213 sequences were found in all 27 doors, 56 classes, 243 families, 1000 genera, 6 kinds of bacteria in the door before the proportion of total 55.97%, these bacteria were the dominant fungi, which also said that although different kinds of degradation degree, but 4 kinds of samples with similar microbial habitat. However, the changes in soil individual bacterial doors were more obvious. (4) four kinds of degraded soil bacterial phylotype richness and diversity were not significantly different (P0.05), both with no vegetation degradation showed response relationship, moderate degraded soil bacterial phylotype richness and diversity were the highest, indicating that the degradation for soil bacterial diversity effect may be "moderate disturbance hypothesis". Among them, soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen and water content are environmental factors that affect the diversity of soil bacteria. Five species of the genus level of different degraded plots for bacterial distribution differences in the door, classes, orders, families and, this will lead to significant changes in some bacterial communities in temperate grassland degradation, but the specific factors that lead to the soil bacterial community structure changes due to the time not in-depth study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S812.2

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