【摘要】：目的:情緒識別作為情緒應用研究中的一個重要方向,在諸多應用領(lǐng)域有著重要的影響和需求,但情緒的主觀體驗具有很強的主觀性,且人與人之間的情緒反應存在變異性,本研究立足于中醫(yī)情志理論,結(jié)合現(xiàn)代情緒理論及研究成果,利用現(xiàn)代化的儀器設(shè)備,研究悲、喜情緒下被試的眼動變化、生理反應、面部表情及頭部朝向是否存在差異、存在何種差異,以期得出一個較客觀的悲、喜情緒綜合識別模式。方法:采用現(xiàn)象學還原分析方法首先對中醫(yī)情志概念進行文獻研究。采用實驗的方法對悲、喜情緒下的眼動變化、生理變化、面部表情變化及頭部朝向變化進行研究。此次實驗采取被試內(nèi)設(shè)計,被試在實驗前填寫大五人格問卷中國簡式版及正性負性情緒問卷,實驗后填寫情緒自評問卷,使用SPSS20.0對實驗所獲得的數(shù)據(jù)進行處理。本次實驗,招募某醫(yī)學院校視力正�；虺C正視力正常大學生被試,排除正在患病或有慢性病史以及正在服用影響血液循環(huán)和中樞神經(jīng)活動藥物的個體。選取中國情緒影像材料系統(tǒng)悲視頻—《我的兄弟姐妹》片段(時長00:01:52)、喜視頻《唐伯虎點秋香》片段(時長00:01:52)誘發(fā)被試情緒,另從中國情緒圖片系統(tǒng)中選取信息量接近的中性情緒圖片10張,使用Tobii TX300 Eye Tracker眼動儀記錄并采集被試在悲、喜情緒下投射在中性情緒圖片上的眼動數(shù)據(jù);使用荷蘭Spirit公司的8通道生物反饋儀Nexus-10即時收集被試皮膚電導、血容量脈沖數(shù)據(jù);同時,利用眼動儀顯示屏幕上自帶的攝像頭實時拍攝下被試在觀看情緒誘發(fā)材料時的面部表情視頻,采用FaceReader 7面部表情分析系統(tǒng)對視頻進行分析,獲取被試面部表情數(shù)據(jù)及以鼻頭三維坐標為代表的頭部朝向數(shù)據(jù)。結(jié)果:文獻研究的結(jié)果顯示,中醫(yī)情志概念具有意識意向性特征,眼動可作為意識指向性特征的一個外顯指標。實驗研究結(jié)果:1眼動結(jié)果對悲、喜情緒下的被試眼動變化進行研究,結(jié)果顯示:(1)對中性情緒圖片不進行分區(qū)處理,喜情緒下到首個注視點所用時間用時長(0.36±0.76)s,悲情緒下到首個注視點所用時間用時短(0.10±0.26),配對樣本t檢驗顯示二者差異顯著[t=-2.862,P0.05];喜情緒下總注視時間用時短(9.15±2.32)s,悲情緒下總注視時間用時長(9.71±1.40),二者差異顯著[t=2.041,P0.05];喜情緒下總注視次數(shù)少(28.52±8.91),悲情緒下總注視次數(shù)多(33.56±8.09),經(jīng)檢驗兩者差異顯著;喜情緒下到首個注視點所用時間、首個注視點所用時間、總注視時間、總注視次數(shù)四個指標變異性大,悲情緒下這四個指標變異性小。(2)對中性情緒圖片進行分區(qū)處理,則悲情緒下,右上區(qū)域?qū)Ρ绕渌齻�區(qū)域,首個注視點所用時間最短(0.87±0.52)s,總注視時間最短(1.82±1.34)s,總注視次數(shù)最少(6.90±5.28),差異顯著;喜情緒下,左下區(qū)域相較其他三個區(qū)域差異顯著,首個注視點所用時間最短(0.88±0.76)s,總注視時間最短(1.66±1.67)s,總注視次數(shù)最少(5.25±5.50)。2生理反應結(jié)果對悲、喜情緒下的被試血容量脈沖(BVP)、皮膚電導(SC)進行研究發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)采用時間序列分析,在情緒視頻階段及中性情緒圖片階段,BVP在悲、喜情緒下均呈現(xiàn)周期性變化,悲情緒下BVP變化周期短,變化幅度大,喜情緒下周期長,周期內(nèi)變化幅度較小;對悲、喜情緒下被試BVP進行均值士標準差比較,悲情緒狀態(tài)下血容量脈沖絕對值大、變異性大(-24.1037±12.0033),喜情緒狀態(tài)下血容量脈沖絕對值小、變異性小(-22.6677 ±11.8012),配對t檢驗顯示二者差異顯著[t=5.210,P0.05];對悲、喜情緒下被試SC進行均值±標準差比較,喜情緒狀態(tài)下皮膚電導大、皮膚電導變異性大(6.5352±4.5178),悲情緒狀態(tài)下皮膚電導小、皮膚電導變異性小(6.0592±4.2335),配對t檢驗顯示二者差異顯著[t=3.229,P0.05]。(2)中性情緒圖片階段,采用時間序列分析顯示悲、喜情緒下SC呈現(xiàn)明顯周期性變化,喜情緒下SC周期短,變化幅度小,悲情緒下周期長,變化幅度大;對悲、喜情緒下被試BVP進行均值±標準差比較,悲情緒下BVP(-22.8410±11.9696)與喜情緒下BVP(-22.2760±11.7974)二者差異不明顯;對悲、喜情緒下被試SC進行均值±標準差比較,喜情緒下SC值大、SC變異性大(6.4278±4.7352),悲情緒狀態(tài)下SC小、SC變異性小(6.0147±4.3564),配對t檢驗顯示二者差異顯著[t=3.701,P0.05];(3)不同情緒主觀感受強度對被試BVP、SC變化無影響(P值均大于0.05);(4)在本次實驗中發(fā)現(xiàn),悲、喜情緒下BVP與神經(jīng)質(zhì)這一人格特質(zhì)呈顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系(r值均為0.406,P0.05)。3面部表情及頭部朝向結(jié)果對悲、喜情緒下被試的面部表情及頭部朝向三維坐標進行分析,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)悲、喜情緒下,中性情緒表情均占比最大,均大于50%;憤怒、恐懼、厭惡表情占比接近,悲傷表情占比較小,悲情緒下(0.1559±0.1252),喜情緒下(0.1207±0.1044),高興表情占比最小,喜情緒下(0.0641±0.1037),悲情緒下(0.0168±0.0261)。(2)對悲、喜情緒下悲傷表情進行配對t檢驗,顯示二者差異顯著[t=-3.298,P0.05]、悲、喜情緒下高興表情的配對t檢驗顯示差異顯著[t=3.822,P0.05],悲、喜情緒下中性表情比較顯示二者差異明顯[t=-2.394,P0.05]。(3)對被試面部20個動作單元運動持續(xù)時間及運動強度進行對比,發(fā)現(xiàn)在悲情緒下,被試突出表現(xiàn)為第15、第17、第23、第24動作單元的運動,在喜情緒下被試突出表現(xiàn)為第6、第10、第12、第25動作單元的運動。(4)不同強度的主觀情緒感受與面部表情變化無相關(guān)性(P值均大于0.05)。(5)悲情緒下,喚醒度(面部肌肉運動強度)與BVP呈顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系(r值為0.349,P0.05)。(6)FaceReader 7面部表情分析系統(tǒng)采用鼻頭三維坐標點反應被試頭部朝向,該系統(tǒng)中以Y軸代表前后,X軸代表左右,Z軸代表上下。實驗結(jié)果顯示,悲、喜情緒下被試頭部朝向存在差異,喜情緒下的鼻頭三維坐標點主要落在Y+X-Z+、Y-X-Z+兩個象限中的被試個數(shù)多,而悲情緒下的鼻頭三維坐標點落在象限Y-X+Z+及Y+X+Z+區(qū)域內(nèi)的被試個數(shù)明顯要多,對比喜情緒差異顯著。結(jié)論:中醫(yī)情志概念與現(xiàn)代心理學的情緒概念二者在旨趣、內(nèi)涵及外延上同中有異,情志概念強調(diào)情緒的意向性特征,眼動變化可較明顯的反應這一意識指向性特征。實驗研究則反映出了悲、喜情緒下被試在眼動變化、生理反應、面部表情及頭部朝向上均具有不同的變化趨勢。1眼動變化上,在注視時間、注視次數(shù),悲、喜情緒下均表現(xiàn)出了不同的變化趨勢�！端貑�.舉痛論》言"悲則心系急""悲哀愁憂則心動,心動則五臟六腑皆搖",而"喜則氣和志達,榮衛(wèi)通利,故氣緩矣","五臟六腑皆搖"則心不定,對外界刺激猶疑,注視點即顯出糾纏凝滯的特征,表現(xiàn)在眼睛運動上,則見總注視次數(shù)多,總注視時間長,注視指標的變異性小;"榮衛(wèi)通利"則對刺激的反應更顯流利順暢,表現(xiàn)在眼睛運動上,可見對刺激反應速度加快,總注視次數(shù)較少、總注視時間較短,注視指標的變異性大。到首個注視點所用時長悲情緒下用時短、喜情緒下用時長則反應出了悲情緒下被試更早關(guān)注到細節(jié)。在注視位置上,悲、喜情緒下的顯著差異表現(xiàn)在對某個區(qū)域注視時間及注視次數(shù)的顯著減少上,悲情緒下被試很少關(guān)注到右上區(qū)域,而喜情緒下被試很少關(guān)注到左下區(qū)域。2生理變化上,悲、喜血容量脈沖表現(xiàn)出了明顯的周期性變化,且變化反應出了緩、急的不同,悲情緒下血容量脈沖周期小,變化大,表現(xiàn)出急的態(tài)勢,喜情緒下血容量脈沖周期較大,變化較小,表現(xiàn)出緩的變化趨勢;皮膚電導在情緒恢復階段出現(xiàn)了明顯的周期性變化并且也呈現(xiàn)出緩、急不同的態(tài)勢來,喜情緒下周期小、變化幅度小,悲情緒下周期大,變化大,皮膚電導近似呈直線下降趨勢。被試情緒主觀感受強度與生理反應的關(guān)系在本次實驗中未見有顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系,說明情緒的主觀感受與情緒的生理變化之間,沒有明顯一致性的變化規(guī)律,不能從情緒的主觀感受強弱推導出生理反應的強弱,從另一方面,也可能說明個體的情緒主觀感受具有掩飾性,提示今后對情緒進行客觀識別的重要性。3面部表情上,無論悲、喜情緒下,中性表情占主導,這在側(cè)面反應了亞洲被試在面部情緒表達上的含蓄,受"表露規(guī)則"限制較多。悲情緒下悲傷表情占比值與其他表情相比較、喜情緒下高興表情占比值與其他表情相比較均未見有明顯的差異變化,但將悲情緒與喜情緒下的悲傷表情占比值、悲情緒與喜情緒下的高興表情占比值進行比較,則差異明顯,說明在悲傷、高興表情與其他類別情緒面部表情占比不顯的情況下,可以從悲、喜情緒下面部表情的變化中分析被試情緒狀態(tài)。對面部運動單元進行細分比較,則發(fā)現(xiàn)悲、喜情緒下被試面部動作單元在運動變化上存在明顯差別,悲情緒下突出嘴角下撇、繃緊嘴唇、緊壓嘴唇、下巴抬起這些動作單元的運動,喜情緒下突出表現(xiàn)為面頰提起、上嘴唇提起、拉動嘴角、微張嘴巴這些面部動作單元運動,悲、喜情緒下被試面部動作單元主要反映在嘴唇、下巴區(qū)域,喜情緒下主要表現(xiàn)為向上向外的肌肉運動趨勢,而悲情緒下則整體表現(xiàn)為向下、收緊的肌肉運動趨勢,面部動作單元的運動差異可以較好的區(qū)分被試的情緒狀態(tài)。被試情緒主觀感受強度與面部表情變化之間沒有顯著的相關(guān)關(guān)系,悲情緒下不同主觀感受強度與悲傷表情、喜情緒下不同主觀感受強度與高興表情之間沒有一致的變化規(guī)律,不能從情緒的主觀感受強弱推導出面部表情的變化強弱。4頭部朝向上,在要求被試在實驗過程中盡量保持身體與頭部位置不動的情況下,悲、喜情緒下被試頭部位置變化細微但出現(xiàn)了明顯差異,悲情緒下被試頭部朝向傾向于往后左上區(qū)域移動,喜情緒下被試頭部位置傾向于往前右上區(qū)域移動。頭部位置的上、下變化在本次實驗中未見有明顯差異。意義與價值:1學術(shù)意義對中醫(yī)情志概念的文獻研究及對悲、喜情緒下的被試眼動變化及頭部朝向變化進行的實驗研究,驗證了中醫(yī)關(guān)于情緒意向性的觀點。2應用價值中醫(yī)情志理論認為情緒具有意向性特征,且提出"目為心之使"的觀點,本次實驗通過測量悲、喜情緒下被試眼動變化及頭部朝向變化,發(fā)現(xiàn)悲、喜情緒下被試眼動變化及頭部朝向變化存在下顯著差異。從中醫(yī)的情志理論及本次實驗結(jié)果來看,眼動指標及頭部朝向指標可作為有效的客觀指標融合進情緒的綜合識別模式中。再者,綜合眼動、頭部朝向、面部動作單元、自主神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)指標的情志識別指標體系,為自動情志識別系統(tǒng)開發(fā)提供理論基礎(chǔ)及數(shù)據(jù)支持,可促進情緒識別在醫(yī)學、公共安全、心理學研究、人機互動、遠程教育、用戶體驗評價、消費者等領(lǐng)域的轉(zhuǎn)化應用。
[Abstract]:Objective: as an important direction in the research of emotional application, emotion recognition has important influence and demand in many application fields, but the subjective experience of emotion has strong subjectivity and the emotional reaction between people exists variability. This study is based on the theory of Chinese traditional emotion and combines modern emotion theory and research results. Using modern instruments and equipment, we studied the changes in eye movement, physiological reaction, facial expression and head orientation in the sad and happy mood, and what difference existed, in order to get a more objective pattern of sad and happy emotion recognition. Method: first, the literature study of the concept of traditional Chinese medicine was carried out by the method of phenomenology and the original analysis. The experimental method was used to study the changes of eye movement, physiological change, facial expression change and head orientation under the sad and happy mood. The experiment was designed in the experiment. Before the experiment, the subjects filled out the five personality questionnaire in China and the positive negative emotion questionnaire. After the test, the emotional self-assessment questionnaire was filled in and the SPSS20.0 was used to test the experiment. The data were processed. This experiment recruited a college student who had normal vision or corrected visual acuity in a medical college to exclude individuals who were suffering from illness or chronic medical history, and were taking drugs affecting blood circulation and central nervous activity. Time length 00:01:52), happy video "Tang Bo tiger point autumn fragrance >" fragment (time length 00:01:52) induced subjects' emotion, and from the Chinese mood picture system, 10 neutral mood pictures were selected, and Tobii TX300 Eye Tracker eye movement instrument was used to record and collect the eye movement data of the subjects on the neutral mood pictures in sad and happy mood; The 8 channel biofeedback instrument Nexus-10 of Holland Spirit company collected the test skin conductance, blood volume pulse data, and the facial expression video when watching the emotional evoked material on the screen with the camera on the screen of the eye moving instrument, and the video was analyzed by the FaceReader 7 facial expression analysis system. The data of facial expression and head orientation represented by the three-dimensional coordinates of the nose were taken. Results: the results of literature study showed that the concept of traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristics of consciousness intentionality, eye movement can be used as an explicit indicator of the directional characteristics of consciousness. Experimental results: 1 eye movement results on the changes of eye movement under the sad and happy mood. The results were as follows: (1) there was no partition treatment for neutral mood images, and the time used for the first fixation point was longer (0.36 + 0.76) s, and the time used for the first fixation point was shorter (0.10 + 0.26). The paired sample t test showed that the differences were significantly [t=-2.862, P0.05], and the total fixation time under the happy mood was short (9.15 + 2). .32) s, the total fixation time was long (9.71 + 1.40), the two difference was significant [t=2.041, P0.05], the total fixation number was less (28.52 + 8.91) under the happy mood (28.52 + 8.91), and the total fixation time was more (33.56 + 8.09). The time of the first fixation point, the time of the first fixation, the total fixation time, the total note were observed. The variation of the four indexes was large, and the four indexes were small in the mood of grief. (2) the neutral mood images were divided into four regions. The first fixation point was the shortest (0.87 + 0.52) s, the total fixation time was shortest (1.82 + 1.34) s, and the total fixation time was least (6.90 + 5.28), and the difference was significant. In the happy mood, the difference in the left lower region was significant compared with the other three regions, the shortest time (0.88 + 0.76) s, the shortest total fixation time (1.66 + 1.67) s, the least total fixation (5.25 + 5.50).2 physiological response to the sad, the BVP, and the skin conductance (SC) study found: (1) using the time sequence. In the column analysis, in the stage of emotional video and neutral mood picture stage, BVP has periodic changes in sad and happy mood. The BVP change cycle is short, the change range is large, the period of happy mood is long, and the amplitude of the change is small in the happy mood. For the sad and happy mood, the standard deviation of the mean scholar is compared with the sad mood, and the blood volume pulse under the sad mood state is absolute. The value was large, the variability was large (-24.1037 + 12.0033), the absolute value of blood volume pulse was small and the variability was small (-22.6677 + 11.8012). The paired t test showed that the difference between two and [t=5.210 was significantly [t=5.210, P0.05]. The mean mean deviation of SC under the sad and happy mood was compared, the skin conductance was large under the happy mood and the variability of skin conductance was 6.5352 + 4. .5178), the skin conductance was small and the variability of skin conductance was small (6.0592 + 4.2335). The paired t test showed that the difference between the two and the two was significant. The P0.05]. (2) neutral mood picture stage, the time series analysis showed that the SC showed a distinct periodic change under the happy mood, the SC cycle under the happy mood was short, the change range was small, and the period of sadness under the mood. The difference between the mean mean standard deviation of BVP and BVP (-22.8410 + 11.9696) and BVP (-22.2760 + 11.7974) under the mood of sadness was not obvious in sadness and happy mood, and the mean mean standard deviation of SC under sad and happy mood was compared, SC value was large under happy mood, SC variability (6.4278 + 4.7352), and S under sad mood. C was small, SC was small (6.0147 + 4.3564), and paired t test showed that the difference between two and two was significant [t=3.701, P0.05]; (3) the subjective feeling intensity of different emotions had no effect on BVP and SC (P value was greater than 0.05). (4) in this experiment, it was found that there was a significant positive correlation between BVP and neuroticism in this experiment (R values were 0.406, P0.05).3. The facial expressions and head orientation results were analyzed in the facial expression and head orientation of the subjects under the happy mood. The results were as follows: (1) under the sad, happy mood, the neutral emotional expression was the largest, both greater than 50%; anger, fear, disgust expression was close, sad expression was smaller, sad mood (0.1559 + 0.1252), happy mood (0.1559 + 0.1252). 0.1207 + 0.1044), the proportion of happy expression was the smallest, happy mood (0.0641 + 0.1037), sad mood (0.0168 + 0.0261). (2) the sad, sad expression of sad expression of paired t test, showing that two differences significantly, P0.05], sad, happy mood paired t test showed significant differences in [t=3.822, P0.05], sad, mood under the neutral table. The comparison showed that the differences between the two groups were obviously [t=-2.394, and P0.05]. (3) compared the motion duration and movement intensity of the 20 action units of the tested face. It was found that under the sadness, the subjects highlighted the movement of fifteenth, seventeenth, twenty-third, twenty-fourth action units, and the subjects displayed the movement of sixth, tenth, twelfth, and twenty-fifth action units under the happy mood. (4) there was no correlation between the subjective emotional feelings of different intensity and facial expression changes (P value was greater than 0.05). (5) in the mood of grief, the arousal degree (facial muscle movement intensity) had a significant positive correlation with BVP (r value 0.349, P0.05). (6) the FaceReader 7 facial expression analysis system adopted the head orientation of the three-dimensional coordinate point of the nose, and the system was Y Before and after the axis is represented, the X axis stands for the left and right and the Z axis stands up and down. The experimental results show that there is a difference in the head orientation of the subjects under the sad and happy mood. The three dimensional coordinates of the nose in the happy mood are mainly in the Y+X-Z+, and the number of the subjects in the two Y-X-Z+ quadrants, while the three dimensional coordinates of the nose in the sad mood fall in the quadrant Y-X+Z+ and the Y+X+Z+ region. There are obvious differences in the number of emotions. Conclusion: the concept of emotion of Chinese medicine and the concept of emotion in modern psychology are two different in the intention, connotation and extension, the concept of emotion emphasizes the intentional character of emotion, and the change of eye movement can reflect the characteristic characteristic of the consciousness. The experimental study reflects the sad and happy mood. The changes in eye movement, physiological response, facial expression and head orientation have different changes in the.1 eye movement. There are different trends in the fixation time, the number of gaze, the sad and the happy mood. Zhi Da, Rong Wei and Tongli, so the Qi is slow "," the five viscera and six organs are all rocking "the heart is not fixed, the irritation of the outside world is uncertain, the focus of the eye shows the characteristics of entanglement and stagnation. In the eye movement, the total gaze is more frequent, the total fixation time is long, and the variation of the fixation index is small." It can be seen that the speed of the stimulus response is faster, the total fixation time is less, the total fixation time is shorter, and the variability of the fixation index is large. In a significant reduction in the duration of fixation and the number of fixations in a certain region, the subjects rarely pay attention to the upper right area in the mood of sadness, while the subjects in the happy mood rarely pay attention to the.2 physiological changes in the lower left region. The cycle is small, the change is big, the situation is urgent, the blood volume pulse cycle is larger, the change is smaller, the change trend is slow, the skin conductance appears in the stage of emotional recovery, there are obvious periodic changes in the emotional recovery stage and also show a slow and different situation, the period of happy mood is small, the change range is small, the period of sadness is big, and the period of sadness is big and changed. There is no significant correlation between the subjective feeling intensity and physiological response in the experiment, which shows that there is no significant correlation between the subjective feelings of the subjects and the physiological changes of emotions, and there is no obvious change in consistency between emotion and emotion, and the physiological response can not be derived from the subjective feeling of emotion. On the other hand, on the other hand, it may also indicate that the subjective feelings of the individual are disguised. The importance of the objective recognition of emotions in the future.3 facial expression, regardless of sorrow, in the mood of happiness, is dominant in the neutral expression, which reflects the implication of the Asian subjects on the emotional expression of the face in the side, and is limited by the "disclosure rules". There is no obvious difference in the ratio of happy expression to other expressions, but the ratio of sadness to sad expression, and the ratio of sad emotion to happy expression under happy mood, the difference is obvious, indicating that sadness is high. The emotional state of the subjects can be analyzed from the changes of sadness and emotion under the circumstances of other categories of emotional facial expressions. Tightener lips, tight lips, and chin lifting the movement of these action units. In the happy mood, the expression is highlighted on the cheek, the upper lip is lifted, the mouth is lifted, the mouth is pulled, and the mouth is moved, and the face action units under the happy mood are mainly reflected in the lips, the chin area, and the main expression is the upward outward muscles under the happy mood. The trend of meat movement, while in grief, the overall performance is downward, tightened muscle movement trend, and the movement difference of facial movement unit can distinguish the emotional state of the subjects better. There is no significant correlation between the subjective feeling intensity of the subjects and the facial expression change, and the different subjective feeling intensity and sad expression in the mood of grief, There is no consistent change between the subjective feeling intensity and the happy expression, and the change of the facial expression can not be derived from the subjective feeling of the emotion, and the head orientation of the.4 can not be derived from the subjective feeling of the emotion. However, there was a significant difference. The head orientation of the subjects tended to move to the left upper area, and the head position of the subjects was in a happy mood.
【學位授予單位】：廣州中醫(yī)藥大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R229

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