面向位姿估計的相機系統(tǒng)標定方法研究
[Abstract]:In recent years, the application of robot in industrial production line has been paid more and more attention. On the flexible production line, the robot system is challenged to adapt to the production of different industrial products quickly according to the customer's demand. The combination of computer vision and robot technology can greatly improve the adaptability of industrial production line. It is an effective way to improve the robot's grasping adaptability by giving robot stereoscopic vision ability through binocular vision system. In this system, it is two key problems to study camera calibration and target pose estimation with high precision. The main innovations and research results of this thesis are as follows: lens distortion is the main factor affecting the imaging quality. In order to improve the distortion correction accuracy, the double projection model of extinction point is proposed. This model can effectively improve the accuracy of linear equation estimation in distorted images. In the process of nonlinear optimization, a sequential iterative parameter optimization method is proposed to solve the problem that parameter coupling causes the optimization results to fall into local optimization. On this basis, a distortion correction algorithm based on re-projection of vanishing point is proposed. The effect of noise on the correction accuracy is evaluated by simulation experiments. The experimental results show that the correction accuracy is 1.5 pixels under the condition of no noise, and the error increases slowly with the increase of noise intensity, which shows that the algorithm has a certain anti-noise capability. In the laboratory environment, the experimental results show that the method can effectively correct distorted images. Camera calibration is a key step for binocular vision system to obtain spatial coordinates. In order to improve camera calibration accuracy, a camera calibration algorithm based on the consistency constraint model of vanishing point is proposed. The model combines the double projection distortion correction method with the unitary matrix method to improve the accuracy of distortion correction and finally improve the calibration accuracy of the camera by improving the position accuracy of the vanishing point. The simulation results show that the average re-projection error is 0.04 pixels, and the precision of re-projection can be obtained from the image with large distortion. The experimental results show that the maximum double projection error of the algorithm is 0.60 pixels and 0.50 pixels, respectively. It is an important step to calculate the position and pose of the robot from the target coordinate data. In order to improve the adaptability of the pose estimation algorithm, an improved position and pose estimation algorithm with the farthest point elimination is proposed. In order to solve the problem that the traditional iterative nearest point (ICP) method is sensitive to the initial position and pose, a hybrid simplex simulated annealing algorithm is introduced to search the optimal solution in the parameter space, thus reducing the influence of the initial position on the result. In order to eliminate the interference of mismatched points, a farthest point elimination strategy is proposed. The simulation results show that the improved algorithm is better than the traditional ICP method. A binocular stereo vision experimental system is designed and a multi-task software architecture based on DSP/BIOS is proposed and designed. The target pose estimation is successfully realized. In the experimental system, the KUKA robot is used to control the position and pose change of the target to evaluate the accuracy of the position and pose estimation. The experimental results show that the total translation error of the method is 2.7 mm, which meets the requirements of target grabbing.
【學位授予單位】:華中科技大學
【學位級別】:博士
【學位授予年份】:2016
【分類號】:TP391.41
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