【摘要】：天線(xiàn)作為無(wú)線(xiàn)通信系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵部件,一直都是研究熱點(diǎn),尤其是微帶貼片天線(xiàn),因其具有易共形、低剖面、易加工、易與有源器件集成等優(yōu)點(diǎn)而受到關(guān)注,已廣泛應(yīng)用于飛行器以及移動(dòng)通信設(shè)備上。隨著無(wú)線(xiàn)通信技術(shù)和多媒體技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,對(duì)于能工作在多頻帶的天線(xiàn)的需求日漸增長(zhǎng),而不同頻段往往需要不同的極化方式,如在GPS頻段大多采用圓極化方式,在Wi-Fi、GSM頻段則大多采用線(xiàn)極化方式,因此設(shè)計(jì)既滿(mǎn)足多頻段要求同時(shí)又滿(mǎn)足不同頻段極化方式不同要求的天線(xiàn)成為天線(xiàn)領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)難題。本文首先分析了單極天線(xiàn)和微帶貼片天線(xiàn)在無(wú)人機(jī)上的工作性能,然后研究了多頻帶線(xiàn)極化微帶貼片天線(xiàn)的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式,在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步深入研究了實(shí)現(xiàn)多頻帶多極化微帶貼片天線(xiàn)的不同方法及其小型化技術(shù)。本文的主要研究工作和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)如下：1.以無(wú)人機(jī)通信為應(yīng)用背景,分析了單極天線(xiàn)和微帶貼片天線(xiàn)在無(wú)人機(jī)上的工作性能。首先從工作在Wi-Fi頻段的單極天線(xiàn)著手,進(jìn)行了單極天線(xiàn)與無(wú)人機(jī)機(jī)體的一體化建模,對(duì)比了單極天線(xiàn)在自由空間和在無(wú)人機(jī)上的特性差別；其次對(duì)工作在Wi-Fi頻段的微帶貼片天線(xiàn)與無(wú)人機(jī)機(jī)體進(jìn)行了一體化建模,分析了貼片天線(xiàn)在自由空間和在無(wú)人機(jī)上的工作性能差別；進(jìn)一步對(duì)比了單極天線(xiàn)和微帶貼片天線(xiàn)在無(wú)人機(jī)上的性能差異,分析了存在的問(wèn)題。2.提出了一種利用縫隙加載技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)貼片天線(xiàn)多頻帶輻射的方法,該方法利用貼片天線(xiàn)的基模產(chǎn)生低頻段輻射,利用加載的弧形縫隙產(chǎn)生高頻段輻射。為了增大阻抗帶寬,采用了電容貼片饋電和雙層介質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)。采用該方法設(shè)計(jì)了工作于GPS L1頻段和Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz頻段的雙頻帶線(xiàn)極化天線(xiàn)、以及工作于GPS L1頻段和Wi-Fi的2.4/5.5 GHz頻段的三頻帶線(xiàn)極化天線(xiàn)。3.提出了一種雙端口饋電的縫隙加載多頻帶多極化貼片天線(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu),該結(jié)構(gòu)利用雙端口饋電實(shí)現(xiàn)了貼片上兩個(gè)正交方向的工作模式,并且相位差約為90°,產(chǎn)生右旋圓極化,工作在GPS L1頻段；同時(shí)利用加載縫隙引入了Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz的線(xiàn)極化頻段。該天線(xiàn)能夠滿(mǎn)足GPS L1和Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz的帶寬要求,并能保證兩個(gè)頻段遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)方向圖的一致性。4.提出了一種單端口饋電的L型縫隙加載實(shí)現(xiàn)貼片天線(xiàn)雙頻帶多極化的方法,并設(shè)計(jì)了一種工作在1.575 GHz頻段以及2.4 GHz頻段的微帶貼片天線(xiàn),在1.575 GHz頻段為左旋圓極化,在2.4 GHz頻段為線(xiàn)極化。為滿(mǎn)足GPS L1頻段的右旋圓極化需求,進(jìn)一步將上述左旋圓極化天線(xiàn)的輻射貼片進(jìn)行了垂直鏡像,實(shí)現(xiàn)了在GPS L1頻段的右旋圓極化輻射。這兩種天線(xiàn)具有饋電簡(jiǎn)單、方便加工、成本低廉、易于共形等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。5.提出了一種單端口饋電的多頻帶多極化天線(xiàn)的小型化方法,利用高介電常數(shù)的介質(zhì)材料,在保證厚度基本不變的情況下,將天線(xiàn)的尺寸減小了40%(相比于前邊提到的天線(xiàn))。該天線(xiàn)采用了三層介質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu),工作在低頻段的輻射貼片在中層介質(zhì)的上部,利用饋電貼片和輻射貼片之間的縫隙耦合饋電；工作在高頻段的輻射貼片在最頂層介質(zhì)上部,利用電容貼片饋電。該結(jié)構(gòu)上層貼片和下層貼片分別獨(dú)立地對(duì)各自的工作頻段輻射有決定性貢獻(xiàn),該天線(xiàn)具有諧振頻帶易于調(diào)節(jié)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:As the key component of wireless communication system, the antenna has always been a hot spot, especially microstrip patch antenna, which has been widely used in aircraft and mobile communication equipment because of its advantages such as easy co-shape, low profile, easy processing, easy integration with active devices and so on. with the rapid development of wireless communication technology and multimedia technology, different polarization modes are required for different frequency bands, Therefore, the design not only meets the requirements of multi-band requirements, but also meets different requirements of different frequency band polarization modes, and becomes a difficult problem in the antenna field. In this paper, the working performance of monopole antenna and microstrip patch antenna on UAVs is analyzed first, then the realization mode of multi-band polarized microstrip patch antenna is studied. On this basis, the different methods of realizing multi-band multi-polarization microstrip patch antenna and its miniaturization technology are further studied. The main research and innovation points in this paper are as follows: 1. The operating performance of monopole antenna and microstrip patch antenna on UAVs is analyzed with UAV communication as its application background. Firstly, from the monopole antenna operating in Wi-Fi frequency band, the integrated modeling of monopole antenna and unmanned aerial vehicle body is conducted, and the difference between monopole antenna in free space and unmanned aerial vehicle is compared. secondly, the integrated modeling of the microstrip patch antenna and the unmanned aerial vehicle body working in the Wi-Fi frequency band is carried out, the working performance difference between the patch antenna in the free space and the unmanned aerial vehicle is analyzed, the performance difference of the monopole antenna and the microstrip patch antenna on the unmanned aerial vehicle is further compared, the problem of existence is analyzed. A method for realizing multi-band radiation of patch antenna by utilizing slot loading technique is proposed. The method utilizes the base mode of patch antenna to generate low-frequency band radiation, and uses the loaded arc-shaped gap to generate high-frequency band radiation. In order to increase the impedance bandwidth, a capacitive patch feed and a double dielectric structure are used. The dual-band polarized antenna operating in the GPS L1 band and Wi-Fi 2.4GHz band is designed, and the three-band linear polarized antenna operating in the 2. 4/ 5. 5GHz band of the GPS L1 band and the Wi-Fi is designed. A multi-band multi-polarization patch antenna structure with double-port feeding is proposed. The structure utilizes dual-port feed to realize the working modes of two orthogonal directions on the patch, and the phase difference is about 90 擄, thus generating right-hand circular polarization and working in the GPS L1 frequency band. At the same time, the polarization band of Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz is introduced by using the loading slot. The antenna can meet the bandwidth requirement of GPS L1 and Wi-Fi 2.4GHz, and can guarantee the consistency of the far field direction diagram of two frequency bands. This paper presents a method for realizing dual-band multi-polarization of patch antenna with single-port-fed L-shaped slot loading, and designs a microstrip patch antenna operating in 1. 575 GHz band and 2.4GHz frequency band, which is left-handed circularly polarized in 1.575GHz band and linearly polarized in 2.4GHz band. in order to meet the right-hand circular polarization requirement of the GPS L1 frequency band, the radiation patch of the left-hand circularly polarized antenna is further vertically mirror, so that the right-hand circularly polarized radiation in the GPS L1 frequency band is realized. The two antennas have the advantages of simple feeding, convenient processing, low cost, easy co-formation and the like. A method for miniaturization of multi-band multi-polarization antenna with single-port feeding is proposed. Using dielectric material with high dielectric constant, the size of the antenna is reduced by 40% (compared with the antenna mentioned above). The antenna adopts a three-layer dielectric structure, the radiation patch working in the low-frequency section is arranged at the upper part of the middle-layer medium, and is coupled and fed by a gap between the feeding patch and the radiating patch; and the radiating patch working in the high-frequency band is fed with the capacitive patch at the upper part of the top-layer medium. The upper layer patch and the lower layer patch of the structure independently contribute to the respective working frequency band radiation, and the antenna has the advantages of easy adjustment of the resonance frequency band.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TN820

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