移動通信天線關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-19 06:12
【摘要】：近些年來,移動通信技術(shù)得到了迅猛的發(fā)展,移動通信系統(tǒng)更新?lián)Q代越來越快。不可避免的也對移動通信系統(tǒng)中的重要部件——天線提出了更多不同的需求,從而使得移動通信天線關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的研究成為了一個熱門的研究課題。本文結(jié)合科研項目,圍繞移動通信天線關(guān)鍵技術(shù)中的雙極化天線、波束形成網(wǎng)絡(luò)和新型寬帶陣列天線開展研究工作。作者主要的研究內(nèi)容包括以下幾個方面：1、對雙極化微帶陣列天線進行了研究。以探針饋電的微帶貼片天線形式為出發(fā)點,設(shè)計了兩副雙極化微帶陣列天線。1)設(shè)計了一副寬頻帶的低剖面雙極化微帶天線單元,并組成8×1規(guī)模的陣列。該天線通過采用容性耦合槽和梯形漸變饋電片的饋電形式,實現(xiàn)了寬頻帶工作。2)在上述天線的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計了一副雙頻帶的低剖面雙極化微帶天線單元,并組成4×1規(guī)模的陣列。該天線通過設(shè)計結(jié)構(gòu)簡單的反相功分器實現(xiàn)了差分饋電,改善了交叉極化比和端口間隔離度。這兩副雙極化微帶陣列天線均具有低剖面的特性,能夠很好的應(yīng)用于移動通信系統(tǒng)的微基站中。2、對雙極化偶極子天線進行了研究。以帶反射板的交叉偶極子形式為出發(fā)點,設(shè)計了三副雙極化偶極子天線。1)設(shè)計了一副可以覆蓋2.32-4.03GHz頻帶的雙極化偶極子天線。該天線通過采用基于開式套筒天線的平面重疊結(jié)構(gòu),實現(xiàn)了寬頻帶雙極化工作。2)在上述天線的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計了一副2.4/5.8GHz的雙頻帶雙極化偶極子天線,該天線通過采用引入水平延伸的諧振環(huán),解決了偶極子天線阻抗帶寬和方向圖帶寬之間的矛盾關(guān)系,同時展寬了天線高頻段的阻抗帶寬。3)設(shè)計了一副可以覆蓋1.7-3.8GHz頻段的寬帶雙極化的偶極子天線。該天線通過引入垂直延伸的諧振環(huán),進一步展寬了天線的阻抗帶寬,并使得整個工作頻段的方向圖具有較好的一致性。上述三種雙極化偶極子均具有寬頻帶／多頻帶的特性,可以同時覆蓋移動通信系統(tǒng)中多個不同的頻段。3、對波束形成網(wǎng)絡(luò)進行了研究。1)針對移動通信系統(tǒng)對形成三個波束的需求,設(shè)計了一種3×3的正交波束形成網(wǎng)絡(luò),該波束形成網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以同時形成3個正交波束,實現(xiàn)空間分集。2)針對移動通信系統(tǒng)對波束可重構(gòu)的需求,設(shè)計了一種2x3的可重構(gòu)波束形成網(wǎng)絡(luò),該可重構(gòu)波束形成網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以通過一個兩位的移相器實現(xiàn)兩種不同形態(tài)的雙波束。3)針對移動通信中場景不同,對形成的波束數(shù)目有著不同的需求,提出了兩種基于Givens矩陣變換設(shè)計任意正交波束數(shù)目的波束形成網(wǎng)絡(luò)的綜合方法,并采用仿真軟件仿真驗證設(shè)計方法的正確性。4、對基片集成波導饋電的微帶串饋陣列天線進行了研究。1)設(shè)計了一副4×1微帶串饋陣列天線。該陣列天線通過設(shè)計陣中每個單元的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),突破了常規(guī)的波導縫隙串饋陣列天線阻抗帶寬較窄的限制,實現(xiàn)了較寬的阻抗帶寬。2)設(shè)計了寬頻帶的基片集成波導與標準矩形金屬波導的轉(zhuǎn)接器。該轉(zhuǎn)換器通過采用多階階梯阻抗變換的結(jié)構(gòu),實現(xiàn)寬頻帶工作。3)采用上述4×1微帶串饋陣列天線,組成4×8規(guī)模微帶串饋陣列天線并采用上述的轉(zhuǎn)換器實現(xiàn)標準矩形金屬波導饋電。最后對上述4×8微帶串饋陣列天線加工和測試驗證。測試結(jié)果表明,該4×8規(guī)模微帶串饋陣列天線能夠覆蓋24-26.5GHz的工作頻段,并具有較高的增益。5、對雙極化緊耦合陣列天線進行了研究。1)設(shè)計了基于周期邊界的寬帶雙極化陣列單元,該雙極化天線單元采用十字交叉偶極子結(jié)構(gòu),并在中心位置對兩個交叉偶極子分別進行饋電。2)采用上述單元組成4×7規(guī)模的有限陣列。通過開路延伸、阻性加載和類脊波導處理三種措施,解決了雙極化陣列天線從無限周期陣列到4×7規(guī)模的有限陣列過程中出現(xiàn)了邊緣截斷效應(yīng),從而使得4×7雙極化陣列天線能夠覆蓋工作頻段100-350MHz,并實現(xiàn)水平面相掃±45°時有源駐波比保持在3以下。3)設(shè)計了寬帶阻抗變換器和寬帶的一分四功分器。通過使用寬帶的阻抗變換器給陣中的每個單元饋電,實現(xiàn)阻抗變換和平衡饋電的作用。通過使用寬帶的一分四功分器,可以實現(xiàn)4×7雙極化陣列天線的垂直維度上同極化的四個單元的等幅同相饋電。4)對該4×7雙極化陣列天線進行了樣機加工和測試,并對其仿真結(jié)果和測試結(jié)果進行了分析研究。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the mobile communication technology has been developed rapidly, and the mobile communication system has been updated more and more quickly. Inevitably, more and more different requirements have been put forward for the antenna, which is an important part of the mobile communication system. Therefore, the key technology of the mobile communication antenna has become a hot research topic. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The dual-polarized microstrip array antenna is studied. The microstrip patch antenna fed by a probe is designed as a starting point. Two pairs of dual-polarized microstrip array antennas.1) A low-profile dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit with a wide bandwidth is designed and an array of 8 *1 size is formed. The dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit consists of a 4 *1 array. The antenna is fed differently by a simple inverse power divider, which improves the cross-polarization ratio and port separation. Both dual-polarized microstrip array antennas have the characteristics of low profile and can be well applied in the micro-base stations of mobile communication systems. In this paper, a bipolar dipole antenna is studied. Starting from the cross dipole with reflector, three pairs of bipolar dipole antennas are designed. 2) Based on the above antenna, a 2.4/5.8GHz dual-band dual-polarized dipole antenna is designed, which solves the contradiction between the dipole antenna impedance bandwidth and the pattern bandwidth by introducing a horizontal extended resonant loop, and widens the antenna impedance bandwidth in the high frequency band. A broadband bipolar dipole antenna covering 1.7-3.8 GHz band is designed. The antenna widens the impedance bandwidth of the antenna by introducing a vertically extended resonant ring and makes the pattern of the whole operating frequency band consistent. All the three dipoles have the characteristics of broadband/multiband and can be overlaid simultaneously. Beamforming network is studied in this paper. 1) A 3 *3 orthogonal beamforming network is designed to meet the need of three beams in mobile communication system. The beamforming network can form three orthogonal beams simultaneously to achieve spatial diversity. To meet the reconfigurable requirement, a 2x3 reconfigurable beamforming network is designed. The reconfigurable beamforming network can realize two different forms of two beams by a two-bit phase shifter. The synthesis method of beamforming networks with arbitrary number of orthogonal beams is presented. The correctness of the design method is verified by simulation software. 4. The microstrip series-fed array antenna fed by substrate integrated waveguide is studied. 1) A 4 *1 microstrip series-fed array antenna is designed. Breaking through the narrow impedance bandwidth limitation of conventional waveguide slot array antenna, a wider impedance bandwidth is achieved. 2) A broadband substrate integrated waveguide and a standard rectangular metal waveguide converter are designed. The converter works broadband by using a multi-step impedance transformation structure. 3) The 4 *1 microstrip series feed is used. The array antenna consists of a 4 *8 microstrip series-fed array antenna and is fed by a standard rectangular metal waveguide using the above-mentioned converter. Firstly, a broadband dual-polarized antenna array element based on periodic boundary is designed. The dual-polarized antenna element adopts cross-dipole structure and feeds the two cross-dipoles separately in the center position. Secondly, the finite array of 4 *7 size is composed of the above elements. Extension, resistive loading and ridge-like waveguide processing have solved the edge truncation effect in the process of bipolar array antenna from infinite periodic array to finite array of 4 *7 size. Thus, the 4 *7 bipolar array antenna can cover 100-350 MHz of the working frequency band and keep the active standing wave ratio at 3 when the horizontal phase sweep is (+45 degrees). 3) A broadband impedance converter and a broadband one-point-four-power divider are designed. By feeding each element of the array with a broadband impedance converter, the impedance transformation and balanced feeding can be achieved. By using a broadband one-point-four-power divider, four elements of a 4 *7 dual-polarized array antenna with the same polarization in the vertical dimension can be realized. The prototype of the 4 *7 bipolar array antenna is fabricated and tested. The simulation results and test results are analyzed and studied.
【學位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TN828.6
[Abstract]:In recent years, the mobile communication technology has been developed rapidly, and the mobile communication system has been updated more and more quickly. Inevitably, more and more different requirements have been put forward for the antenna, which is an important part of the mobile communication system. Therefore, the key technology of the mobile communication antenna has become a hot research topic. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The dual-polarized microstrip array antenna is studied. The microstrip patch antenna fed by a probe is designed as a starting point. Two pairs of dual-polarized microstrip array antennas.1) A low-profile dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit with a wide bandwidth is designed and an array of 8 *1 size is formed. The dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit consists of a 4 *1 array. The antenna is fed differently by a simple inverse power divider, which improves the cross-polarization ratio and port separation. Both dual-polarized microstrip array antennas have the characteristics of low profile and can be well applied in the micro-base stations of mobile communication systems. In this paper, a bipolar dipole antenna is studied. Starting from the cross dipole with reflector, three pairs of bipolar dipole antennas are designed. 2) Based on the above antenna, a 2.4/5.8GHz dual-band dual-polarized dipole antenna is designed, which solves the contradiction between the dipole antenna impedance bandwidth and the pattern bandwidth by introducing a horizontal extended resonant loop, and widens the antenna impedance bandwidth in the high frequency band. A broadband bipolar dipole antenna covering 1.7-3.8 GHz band is designed. The antenna widens the impedance bandwidth of the antenna by introducing a vertically extended resonant ring and makes the pattern of the whole operating frequency band consistent. All the three dipoles have the characteristics of broadband/multiband and can be overlaid simultaneously. Beamforming network is studied in this paper. 1) A 3 *3 orthogonal beamforming network is designed to meet the need of three beams in mobile communication system. The beamforming network can form three orthogonal beams simultaneously to achieve spatial diversity. To meet the reconfigurable requirement, a 2x3 reconfigurable beamforming network is designed. The reconfigurable beamforming network can realize two different forms of two beams by a two-bit phase shifter. The synthesis method of beamforming networks with arbitrary number of orthogonal beams is presented. The correctness of the design method is verified by simulation software. 4. The microstrip series-fed array antenna fed by substrate integrated waveguide is studied. 1) A 4 *1 microstrip series-fed array antenna is designed. Breaking through the narrow impedance bandwidth limitation of conventional waveguide slot array antenna, a wider impedance bandwidth is achieved. 2) A broadband substrate integrated waveguide and a standard rectangular metal waveguide converter are designed. The converter works broadband by using a multi-step impedance transformation structure. 3) The 4 *1 microstrip series feed is used. The array antenna consists of a 4 *8 microstrip series-fed array antenna and is fed by a standard rectangular metal waveguide using the above-mentioned converter. Firstly, a broadband dual-polarized antenna array element based on periodic boundary is designed. The dual-polarized antenna element adopts cross-dipole structure and feeds the two cross-dipoles separately in the center position. Secondly, the finite array of 4 *7 size is composed of the above elements. Extension, resistive loading and ridge-like waveguide processing have solved the edge truncation effect in the process of bipolar array antenna from infinite periodic array to finite array of 4 *7 size. Thus, the 4 *7 bipolar array antenna can cover 100-350 MHz of the working frequency band and keep the active standing wave ratio at 3 when the horizontal phase sweep is (+45 degrees). 3) A broadband impedance converter and a broadband one-point-four-power divider are designed. By feeding each element of the array with a broadband impedance converter, the impedance transformation and balanced feeding can be achieved. By using a broadband one-point-four-power divider, four elements of a 4 *7 dual-polarized array antenna with the same polarization in the vertical dimension can be realized. The prototype of the 4 *7 bipolar array antenna is fabricated and tested. The simulation results and test results are analyzed and studied.
【學位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TN828.6
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