大視場長焦平面TDI CCD拼接相機最優(yōu)成像技術研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-07 20:44
【摘要】：隨著國內外航天光學遙感技術的發(fā)展,為了能更快速地、高效地、精確地獲取地面目標的圖像信息,空間光學相機逐步向寬覆蓋和高分辨率的方向發(fā)展。近幾年,離軸三反光學技術與焦平面多CCD拼接技術已經(jīng)取得了很大的突破,但是也帶來了很多問題,比如結構比較復雜,空間尺寸有限,且電路集成度較高,大功率驅動器件比較密集,長時間工作導致焦平面溫度上升很快,降低了圖像信噪比和成像均勻性,同時長焦平面的準確安裝定位也存在著較大困難,此外,在大姿態(tài)角推掃成像條件下如何獲取高信噪比、高傳函和高匹配圖像也存在一定的難度,如果這些問題不解決將嚴重束縛空間光學相機在寬覆蓋和高分辨率方向上的發(fā)展。論文以大視場長焦平面TDI CCD拼接相機作為研究對象,主要進行以下幾個方面的研究:長焦平面多通道電路串擾噪聲的建模與抑制;焦平面溫度分析與散熱設計;長焦平面高精度安裝定位技術;長焦平面全視場內TDI CCD成像參數(shù)的最優(yōu)匹配等。具體研究內容如下:1.詳細闡述了多譜段TDI CCD的內部結構、TDI CCD相機的推掃成像原理、長焦平面TDI CCD拼接電路的一致性設計,同時對TDI CCD相機成像質量的兩大重要評價指標(信噪比和調制傳遞函數(shù))進行深入地分析,比較全面地涵蓋了TDI CCD相機的設計、開發(fā)和研制過程中各環(huán)節(jié)對靜態(tài)傳遞函數(shù)的影響,以及在推掃成像過程中環(huán)境因素對動態(tài)傳遞函數(shù)的影響。2.長焦平面串擾噪聲分析與抑制。長焦平面是由多片TDI CCD拼接而成,相互之間存在著串擾噪聲,串擾噪聲的形態(tài)不同、噪聲強弱不同,如果分析不正確將很難抑制。本文將結合焦平面多通道TDI CCD電路的結構特點,分析串擾噪聲引入機理,對實際遇到的串擾噪聲進行特性分析和分類,建立串擾噪聲模型并定量分析。著重提出串接限流電阻抑制瞬態(tài)驅動電流、暗參考像元提取串擾噪聲系數(shù)兩種串擾噪聲抑制方法,通過實驗驗證,串接限流電阻抑制瞬態(tài)驅動電流方法對提高信噪比有顯著效果,暗參考像元提取串擾噪聲系數(shù)方法使響應非均勻性降低到1.8%,和抑制前相比降低了3倍左右,極大地提高了圖像質量。3.焦平面溫度分析與散熱設計。由于焦平面空間尺寸有限,元器件集成度較高、大功率驅動器件布局緊湊,電路長時間工作將會導致焦平面溫度上升,最終會影響到相機焦平面成像非均勻性與信噪比。本文將對焦平面電路的熱源進行計算,深入分析溫度變化對焦平面性能的影響,提出了焦平面結構熱傳導散熱設計,包括元器件分類布局、CCD熱沉散熱結構設計、基于導熱孔陣列和導熱鋁層的疊層熱傳導散熱設計,通過測試結果對比分析,做散熱設計后的水平時序驅動區(qū)域電路的溫度比設計之前同一區(qū)域的溫度降低了3℃左右,成像15分鐘時響應非均勻性達到2.09%,所有像元信噪比的標準偏差降低到平均信噪比的8%,和散熱處理前相比約減小了一倍,驗證了散熱方式的高效性、穩(wěn)定性和合理性。4.長焦平面精確安裝定位。焦平面是由多片TDI CCD拼接而成,長焦平面安裝好后,必須要進行空間位置的校準,為了使長焦平面上所有TDI CCD都處于最佳像面位置,必須要有高精度、可靠的相機焦平面安裝定位技術。本文提出一種基于高精度對比傳函(CTF)檢測的焦平面安裝定位方法,分析影響CTF檢測精度的因素,提取真實CTF測試值,提高焦平面對比傳函的檢測精度,通過實驗數(shù)據(jù)分析CTF檢測誤差均小于1%,說明CTF檢測方法的檢測精度較高,滿足大視場相機焦平面安裝定位精度的要求。通過相機調焦功能測試各個調焦位置的CTF值,并擬合出相機的CTF-調焦量變化曲線,求出安裝測試點的位置,確定焦平面的安裝修調量。最后,對安裝好焦平面的相機進行整機CTF測試,相機所有通道的CTF檢測值均能達到0.28以上。5.長焦平面成像參數(shù)的最優(yōu)匹配。焦平面多通道拼接后的圖像分辨率較高,地面覆蓋的幅寬較大,成像期間由于衛(wèi)星姿態(tài)角變化,需要不同的成像模式去獲取最佳匹配后的圖像。經(jīng)過推導分析了重要成像參數(shù)(積分級數(shù)、增益、行頻等)對相機動態(tài)范圍、信噪比和傳函(MTF)的影響。深入分析了同速匹配模式和異速匹配模式下MTF的分布情況,在同樣條件下積分級數(shù)為32級和64級時,同速匹配模式下相機只能在正負側擺角為10°范圍內滿足MTF不低于0.9的要求,而異速匹配模式下相機在正負側擺角為40°的范圍內均能滿足要求。對比了精調和超精調兩種行頻匹配方法,分析了各自的行頻匹配精度及能達到的MTF,兩種方法均使MTF優(yōu)于0.9。根據(jù)相機衛(wèi)星姿態(tài)精度、穩(wěn)定性和不同姿態(tài)推掃成像的MTF分布情況求得最優(yōu)積分級數(shù)和最優(yōu)增益值,配置完成后實現(xiàn)靶標圖像條紋清晰,層次分明。論文對長焦平面TDI CCD拼接相機進行了較為全面的研究,其研究成果適用于大視場、寬覆蓋和高分辨率遙感相機應用領域,解決了大視場離軸三反技術和TDI CCD拼接技術帶來的長焦平面安裝定位不準確、焦平面電路工作不穩(wěn)定、全視場成像不匹配等技術難題,極大提高了大視場長焦平面TDI CCD相機焦平面電路工作的穩(wěn)定性、可靠性,提高了圖像的信噪比和傳函,同時在不同衛(wèi)星平臺姿態(tài)任務下實現(xiàn)大視場相機最優(yōu)圖像的獲取,具有一定的理論意義和極大的實際工程意義。
[Abstract]:With the development of spaceborne optical remote sensing technology at home and abroad, in order to get the image information of ground targets more quickly, efficiently and accurately, the space optical camera has gradually developed into the direction of wide coverage and high resolution. In recent years, a great breakthrough has been made in the off-axis three reflective technology and the multi CCD splicing technology of the focal plane, but it has also been carried out. There are many problems, such as the complex structure, the limited space size, the high integration of the circuit and the high power drive components. The long time work leads to the rapid rise of the focal plane temperature, which reduces the image signal-to-noise ratio and the imaging uniformity. At the same time, the accurate installation of the long focal plane also has great difficulty, in addition, in the big posture. It is difficult to obtain high signal to noise ratio, high transmission letter and high matching image under the condition of angular push imaging. If these problems do not solve the development of wide coverage and high resolution direction of heavy bound space optical camera, a TDI CCD splicing camera with large field of view long focal plane is used as the research object. Research: Modeling and suppression of crosstalk noise in multi-channel circuit of long focal plane; focal plane temperature analysis and heat dissipation design; high precision installation and positioning technology of long focal plane; optimal matching of TDI CCD imaging parameters in the full field of view of the long focal plane. The specific research contents are as follows: 1. the internal structure of multispectral section TDI CCD, TDI CCD phase is detailed and detailed. The principle of the machine's push and sweep imaging, the consistency design of the TDI CCD splicing circuit of the long focal plane, and the two important evaluation indexes (signal-to-noise ratio and modulation transfer function) of the imaging quality of the TDI CCD camera are deeply analyzed. It completely covers the design of the TDI CCD camera and the shadow of the static transfer function during the development and development of the TDI CCD camera. Effect of environmental factors on the dynamic transfer function in the process of push scanning..2. long focal plane crosstalk noise analysis and suppression. The plane of the long focal plane is made up of multiple TDI CCD. There is a crosstalk noise between each other. The form of crosstalk noise is different, the noise intensity is different. If the analysis is not correct, it will be difficult to suppress the noise. The structure characteristics of the planar multichannel TDI CCD circuit, analyze the mechanism of crosstalk noise, analyze and classify the actual crosstalk noise, establish the crosstalk noise model and analyze the quantitative analysis. Two kinds of crosstalk noise suppression methods are put forward to suppress the transient current of the series connection limit resistance and the noise factor of the dark reference pixel. It is proved by experiments that the method of the series connection limiting current resistance suppression transient driving current has significant effect on improving the signal to noise ratio. The method of extracting the crosstalk noise coefficient by the dark reference pixel reduces the response inhomogeneity to 1.8%, and decreases about 3 times as compared with the pre suppression, which greatly improves the temperature analysis and heat dissipation design of the image quality.3. focal plane. Due to the coke, the focal plane temperature analysis and the heat dissipation design are greatly improved. The dimension of plane space is limited, the integration degree of components is high, the layout of high-power driver is compact, the long time work of the circuit will lead to the rise of the focal plane temperature, which will eventually affect the nonuniformity and signal to noise ratio of the camera focal plane imaging. The heat conduction heat dissipation design of the focal plane structure is put forward, including the classification layout of the components, the design of the heat sink structure of the CCD heat sink, the heat conduction design based on the heat conduction hole array and the heat conduction aluminum layer, and through the comparison and analysis of the test results, the temperature ratio of the horizontal time series drive area circuit after the heat dissipation design is in the same area before the design. The temperature is reduced about 3, and the response to nonuniformity reaches 2.09% at 15 minutes. The standard deviation of all pixel signal to noise ratio is reduced to 8% of the mean signal to noise ratio, and the ratio of the phase ratio before heat dissipation is approximately doubled. It is proved that the efficiency of the heat dissipation, stability and rationality of the.4. long focal plane is precisely located. The focal plane is composed of multiple TDI CCD. In order to make all TDI CCD at the best image position in the long focal plane, there must be a high precision and reliable camera focal plane installation positioning technique. In this paper, a focal plane installation location method based on high precision contrast transfer letter (CTF) detection is proposed, and the analysis of the focal plane installation and positioning method is proposed. The factors that affect the accuracy of CTF detection, extract the true CTF test value, improve the detection precision of the focal plane contrast transmission. The CTF detection error is less than 1% through the experimental data analysis, indicating that the detection precision of the CTF detection method is high and meets the requirement of the focal plane installation positioning accuracy of the large field camera. The CTF value of the camera is fitted with the change curve of the CTF- focus of the camera, the location of the installation test point and the installation and adjustment of the focal plane are determined. Finally, the whole machine CTF test for the camera with a good focal plane is carried out. All the CTF detection values of all the channels of the camera can reach the optimal matching of the imaging parameters of the.5. long focal plane above 0.28. After the splicing, the resolution of the image is high and the width of the ground coverage is larger. During the imaging period, different imaging modes are needed to obtain the best matching images due to the change of the satellite attitude angle. The influence of the important imaging parameters (integral series, gain, traveling frequency, etc.) on the dynamic range of the phase machine, the signal to noise ratio and the transmission letter (MTF) are analyzed. The distribution of MTF under the same speed matching mode and the speed matching mode is analyzed. Under the same condition, when the integral series is 32 and 64, the camera can only meet the requirement of MTF not less than 0.9 within the positive and negative side swing angle in the range of 10 degrees, and the camera can meet the need of the positive and negative side swing angle in the range of 40 degrees under the different speed matching mode. Two kinds of line frequency matching methods are compared with fine and super fine tune, and the matching precision of the line frequency and the MTF that can be reached are analyzed. The two methods all make MTF better than 0.9. to obtain the optimal product classification number and the optimal gain value according to the attitude precision of the camera satellite, the stability and the MTF distribution of the different attitude push imaging, and realize the target after the configuration is completed. The image stripe is clear and the level is distinct. The paper makes a more comprehensive study on the TDI CCD splicing camera of the long focal plane. The research results are applicable to the field of large field of view, wide coverage and high resolution remote sensing camera, and it has solved the inaccurate positioning of the long focal plane installation of the large field off axis triple inverse technology and the TDI CCD splicing technology, and the focal plane electricity. The technical problems such as unstable road work and full field imaging mismatch have greatly improved the stability and reliability of the focus plane circuit of the large field of view long focal plane TDI CCD camera, and improved the signal to noise ratio and transmission of the image. At the same time, it has a certain theoretical meaning to obtain the optimal image of the large view field camera under the attitude of different satellite platforms. Meaning and great practical engineering significance.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TP391.41
本文編號：2171290
[Abstract]:With the development of spaceborne optical remote sensing technology at home and abroad, in order to get the image information of ground targets more quickly, efficiently and accurately, the space optical camera has gradually developed into the direction of wide coverage and high resolution. In recent years, a great breakthrough has been made in the off-axis three reflective technology and the multi CCD splicing technology of the focal plane, but it has also been carried out. There are many problems, such as the complex structure, the limited space size, the high integration of the circuit and the high power drive components. The long time work leads to the rapid rise of the focal plane temperature, which reduces the image signal-to-noise ratio and the imaging uniformity. At the same time, the accurate installation of the long focal plane also has great difficulty, in addition, in the big posture. It is difficult to obtain high signal to noise ratio, high transmission letter and high matching image under the condition of angular push imaging. If these problems do not solve the development of wide coverage and high resolution direction of heavy bound space optical camera, a TDI CCD splicing camera with large field of view long focal plane is used as the research object. Research: Modeling and suppression of crosstalk noise in multi-channel circuit of long focal plane; focal plane temperature analysis and heat dissipation design; high precision installation and positioning technology of long focal plane; optimal matching of TDI CCD imaging parameters in the full field of view of the long focal plane. The specific research contents are as follows: 1. the internal structure of multispectral section TDI CCD, TDI CCD phase is detailed and detailed. The principle of the machine's push and sweep imaging, the consistency design of the TDI CCD splicing circuit of the long focal plane, and the two important evaluation indexes (signal-to-noise ratio and modulation transfer function) of the imaging quality of the TDI CCD camera are deeply analyzed. It completely covers the design of the TDI CCD camera and the shadow of the static transfer function during the development and development of the TDI CCD camera. Effect of environmental factors on the dynamic transfer function in the process of push scanning..2. long focal plane crosstalk noise analysis and suppression. The plane of the long focal plane is made up of multiple TDI CCD. There is a crosstalk noise between each other. The form of crosstalk noise is different, the noise intensity is different. If the analysis is not correct, it will be difficult to suppress the noise. The structure characteristics of the planar multichannel TDI CCD circuit, analyze the mechanism of crosstalk noise, analyze and classify the actual crosstalk noise, establish the crosstalk noise model and analyze the quantitative analysis. Two kinds of crosstalk noise suppression methods are put forward to suppress the transient current of the series connection limit resistance and the noise factor of the dark reference pixel. It is proved by experiments that the method of the series connection limiting current resistance suppression transient driving current has significant effect on improving the signal to noise ratio. The method of extracting the crosstalk noise coefficient by the dark reference pixel reduces the response inhomogeneity to 1.8%, and decreases about 3 times as compared with the pre suppression, which greatly improves the temperature analysis and heat dissipation design of the image quality.3. focal plane. Due to the coke, the focal plane temperature analysis and the heat dissipation design are greatly improved. The dimension of plane space is limited, the integration degree of components is high, the layout of high-power driver is compact, the long time work of the circuit will lead to the rise of the focal plane temperature, which will eventually affect the nonuniformity and signal to noise ratio of the camera focal plane imaging. The heat conduction heat dissipation design of the focal plane structure is put forward, including the classification layout of the components, the design of the heat sink structure of the CCD heat sink, the heat conduction design based on the heat conduction hole array and the heat conduction aluminum layer, and through the comparison and analysis of the test results, the temperature ratio of the horizontal time series drive area circuit after the heat dissipation design is in the same area before the design. The temperature is reduced about 3, and the response to nonuniformity reaches 2.09% at 15 minutes. The standard deviation of all pixel signal to noise ratio is reduced to 8% of the mean signal to noise ratio, and the ratio of the phase ratio before heat dissipation is approximately doubled. It is proved that the efficiency of the heat dissipation, stability and rationality of the.4. long focal plane is precisely located. The focal plane is composed of multiple TDI CCD. In order to make all TDI CCD at the best image position in the long focal plane, there must be a high precision and reliable camera focal plane installation positioning technique. In this paper, a focal plane installation location method based on high precision contrast transfer letter (CTF) detection is proposed, and the analysis of the focal plane installation and positioning method is proposed. The factors that affect the accuracy of CTF detection, extract the true CTF test value, improve the detection precision of the focal plane contrast transmission. The CTF detection error is less than 1% through the experimental data analysis, indicating that the detection precision of the CTF detection method is high and meets the requirement of the focal plane installation positioning accuracy of the large field camera. The CTF value of the camera is fitted with the change curve of the CTF- focus of the camera, the location of the installation test point and the installation and adjustment of the focal plane are determined. Finally, the whole machine CTF test for the camera with a good focal plane is carried out. All the CTF detection values of all the channels of the camera can reach the optimal matching of the imaging parameters of the.5. long focal plane above 0.28. After the splicing, the resolution of the image is high and the width of the ground coverage is larger. During the imaging period, different imaging modes are needed to obtain the best matching images due to the change of the satellite attitude angle. The influence of the important imaging parameters (integral series, gain, traveling frequency, etc.) on the dynamic range of the phase machine, the signal to noise ratio and the transmission letter (MTF) are analyzed. The distribution of MTF under the same speed matching mode and the speed matching mode is analyzed. Under the same condition, when the integral series is 32 and 64, the camera can only meet the requirement of MTF not less than 0.9 within the positive and negative side swing angle in the range of 10 degrees, and the camera can meet the need of the positive and negative side swing angle in the range of 40 degrees under the different speed matching mode. Two kinds of line frequency matching methods are compared with fine and super fine tune, and the matching precision of the line frequency and the MTF that can be reached are analyzed. The two methods all make MTF better than 0.9. to obtain the optimal product classification number and the optimal gain value according to the attitude precision of the camera satellite, the stability and the MTF distribution of the different attitude push imaging, and realize the target after the configuration is completed. The image stripe is clear and the level is distinct. The paper makes a more comprehensive study on the TDI CCD splicing camera of the long focal plane. The research results are applicable to the field of large field of view, wide coverage and high resolution remote sensing camera, and it has solved the inaccurate positioning of the long focal plane installation of the large field off axis triple inverse technology and the TDI CCD splicing technology, and the focal plane electricity. The technical problems such as unstable road work and full field imaging mismatch have greatly improved the stability and reliability of the focus plane circuit of the large field of view long focal plane TDI CCD camera, and improved the signal to noise ratio and transmission of the image. At the same time, it has a certain theoretical meaning to obtain the optimal image of the large view field camera under the attitude of different satellite platforms. Meaning and great practical engineering significance.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TP391.41
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