發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-30 06:38

  本文選題：合成孔徑雷達(dá) + 地基合成孔徑雷達(dá)��； 參考：《北京理工大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：作為一種新型的形變監(jiān)測(cè)手段,地基合成孔徑雷達(dá)(GBSAR)系統(tǒng)的形變測(cè)量精度能達(dá)到mm量級(jí)甚至亞mm量級(jí),每次監(jiān)測(cè)的覆蓋范圍能從幾十米到幾公里,獲取的形變反演結(jié)果能夠?yàn)檫吰禄聻?zāi)害的研究提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)支持。正是因?yàn)榇嬖谶@些優(yōu)勢(shì),GBSAR形變監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)有非常廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。在GBSAR形變監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用過(guò)程中,主要存在形變反演實(shí)時(shí)性和只能獲取一維視線方向形變量?jī)纱髥?wèn)題。本文針對(duì)形變反演實(shí)時(shí)處理的問(wèn)題,在高性能動(dòng)態(tài)永久散射體(PS)選擇、高精度誤差相位補(bǔ)償、動(dòng)態(tài)PS實(shí)時(shí)形變反演處理三個(gè)方面開(kāi)展了研究,并提出了基于動(dòng)態(tài)PS理論的實(shí)時(shí)處理方法。在解決傳統(tǒng)GBSAR形變測(cè)量技術(shù)只能反演視線方向形變量的問(wèn)題時(shí),通過(guò)引入星載多孔徑干涉(MAI)理論,開(kāi)展了基于GBSAR系統(tǒng)的二維形變測(cè)量技術(shù)研究。本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和成果如下:(1)一般來(lái)說(shuō),傳統(tǒng)的PS選擇方法包括基于相關(guān)系數(shù)的PS選擇方法和基于幅度離差的PS選擇方法。針對(duì)使用傳統(tǒng)PS點(diǎn)選擇方法后,部分選出的PS點(diǎn)存在相位誤差較大或選出的PS點(diǎn)集合隨時(shí)間動(dòng)態(tài)變化的問(wèn)題,本文研究了基于幅度、相關(guān)系數(shù)和相位聯(lián)合的動(dòng)態(tài)PS點(diǎn)選擇方法。為了解決PS點(diǎn)選擇門(mén)限隨場(chǎng)景動(dòng)態(tài)變化的問(wèn)題,本文利用SAR圖像雜波分布理論估計(jì)SAR圖像的雜波平均功率,并依據(jù)目標(biāo)點(diǎn)的信雜比信息,自適應(yīng)地確定PS點(diǎn)幅度選擇門(mén)限。在面對(duì)PS點(diǎn)集合隨時(shí)間動(dòng)態(tài)變化的問(wèn)題時(shí),本文通過(guò)自適應(yīng)調(diào)整幅度離差和幅度門(mén)限,保證PS點(diǎn)集合在整個(gè)觀測(cè)時(shí)間內(nèi)維持相對(duì)穩(wěn)定。針對(duì)PS點(diǎn)相位質(zhì)量隨時(shí)間動(dòng)態(tài)變化的問(wèn)題,本文利用相關(guān)系數(shù)信息和相位信息對(duì)PS點(diǎn)集合進(jìn)行分類和二次篩選,降低由部分PS點(diǎn)相位質(zhì)量變差而給形變反演處理所帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響。(2)在GBSAR系統(tǒng)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的監(jiān)測(cè)過(guò)程中,由于非理想因素的影響,系統(tǒng)有較大概率會(huì)出現(xiàn)重軌誤差,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致零基線的觀測(cè)條件難以穩(wěn)定維持。針對(duì)重軌誤差會(huì)降低形變反演精度的問(wèn)題,本文研究了重軌誤差相位和大氣相位的聯(lián)合補(bǔ)償方法。為了建立重軌誤差到干涉相位誤差的函數(shù)關(guān)系,本文首先對(duì)軌道誤差進(jìn)行建模,推導(dǎo)了它對(duì)SAR成像后目標(biāo)點(diǎn)相位誤差的影響,并以此為基礎(chǔ),進(jìn)一步提出了重軌誤差轉(zhuǎn)化為干涉相位誤差的數(shù)學(xué)模型。為了補(bǔ)償誤差相位,本文以重軌誤差相位模型和大氣相位模型為基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合最小二乘理論,給出了高精度誤差相位補(bǔ)償方法,并且通過(guò)對(duì)仿真數(shù)據(jù)和實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的處理分析,驗(yàn)證了該方法的有效性。(3)針對(duì)GBSAR形變監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)中對(duì)實(shí)時(shí)性的需求,本文在傳統(tǒng)星載PS處理方法的基礎(chǔ)上,研究了基于GBSAR系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)PS實(shí)時(shí)處理算法。在處理流程方面,動(dòng)態(tài)PS實(shí)時(shí)處理算法并行開(kāi)展PS選擇處理和PS形變反演處理,并將整個(gè)處理過(guò)程劃分為初始化階段和形變反演階段。針對(duì)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間基線干涉圖中PS點(diǎn)數(shù)量不足的問(wèn)題時(shí),本文采用SAR圖像分組和更新主圖像的方法,盡量使干涉圖所對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間基線控制在一定范圍內(nèi),來(lái)保證PS點(diǎn)數(shù)量不至過(guò)少。在解決由PS點(diǎn)狀態(tài)隨時(shí)間動(dòng)態(tài)變化而導(dǎo)致某些區(qū)域無(wú)法反演形變的問(wèn)題時(shí),本文采用插值的方法,使得某些由于PS點(diǎn)消亡而無(wú)法計(jì)算形變量的區(qū)域也能獲取形變信息。最后,通過(guò)對(duì)北京房山石礦場(chǎng)邊坡實(shí)驗(yàn)、河北唐山遷安鐵礦場(chǎng)邊坡實(shí)驗(yàn)和山西呂梁林家坪邊坡實(shí)驗(yàn)的實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)處理結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析,驗(yàn)證了基于GBSAR系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)PS實(shí)時(shí)處理算法具有實(shí)時(shí)高精度監(jiān)測(cè)場(chǎng)景形變的能力。(4)針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)GBSAR形變測(cè)量技術(shù)只能提取一維視線方向形變的限制,本文通過(guò)引入星載多孔徑干涉(MAI)技術(shù),開(kāi)展了基于GBSAR模式的MAI二維形變測(cè)量技術(shù)研究�？紤]到在星載模式下,幾乎所有目標(biāo)點(diǎn)都處于正側(cè)視的觀測(cè)狀態(tài),而在GBSAR模式下,部分目標(biāo)點(diǎn)處于非正側(cè)視的觀測(cè)狀態(tài),本文首先在星載MAI理論的基礎(chǔ)上,分別推導(dǎo)了GBSAR模式下正側(cè)視目標(biāo)和非正側(cè)視目標(biāo)的MAI形變反演方法,通過(guò)將這兩種觀測(cè)模式進(jìn)行對(duì)比,發(fā)現(xiàn)MAI方法實(shí)際測(cè)量的是垂直于LOS方向的形變量;然后,在分析MAI方法形變反演精度的基礎(chǔ)上,討論了在GBSAR模式下MAI最優(yōu)孔徑選擇問(wèn)題,并且通過(guò)對(duì)SAR圖像采用相干疊加處理,進(jìn)一步提升了MAI形變測(cè)量精度;最后,通過(guò)實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)處理結(jié)果的分析,驗(yàn)證了在GBSAR模式下利用MAI方法獲取垂直于LOS方向形變的能力,對(duì)于信噪比較高且距離較近的目標(biāo),垂直于LOS方向的形變反演精度能達(dá)到mm量級(jí)甚至亞mm量級(jí)。
[Abstract]:As a new means of deformation monitoring, the deformation measurement precision of the foundation synthetic aperture radar (GBSAR) system can reach the magnitude of mm or even sub mm. The coverage range of each monitoring can be from several tens to several kilometers. The obtained deformation inversion results can provide basic data support for the study of slope landslide disaster. It is because of the existence of this method. Some advantages, GBSAR deformation monitoring technology has a very broad application prospect. In the application process of GBSAR deformation monitoring technology, there are two major problems of real-time deformation inversion and only one dimension line of sight variable. In this paper, a high performance dynamic permanent scatterer (PS) selection and high precision error are used to solve the problem of real time deformation inversion. Three aspects of differential phase compensation, dynamic PS real-time deformation inversion processing are studied, and a real-time processing method based on dynamic PS theory is proposed. In solving the problem that the traditional GBSAR deformation measurement technology can only inverse the line of sight variable, the two-dimensional shape based on the spaceborne multi aperture interference (MAI) theory is introduced, and the two-dimensional shape based on the GBSAR system is carried out. The main research contents and achievements of this paper are as follows: (1) in general, the traditional PS selection method includes the PS selection method based on the correlation coefficient and the PS selection method based on the amplitude deviation. After using the traditional PS point selection method, the partial PS points have a larger phase error or the selected PS point set with the time. In this paper, dynamic PS point selection method based on amplitude, correlation coefficient and phase combination is studied in this paper. In order to solve the dynamic change of PS point selection threshold with the scene, this paper uses the SAR image clutter distribution theory to estimate the average clutter power of the SAR image, and adaptively determines the PS according to the signal to clutter ratio information of the target point. In the face of the dynamic variation of the PS point set with time, this paper ensures the relative stability of the PS point set during the whole observation time by adjusting the amplitude and amplitude threshold adaptively. In view of the problem of the phase quality of the PS points with the time dynamic change, this paper uses the correlation coefficient information and the phase information to the PS point. The classification and two screening are used to reduce the negative effects of the phase difference on the phase quality of the PS points. (2) in the long time monitoring process of the GBSAR system, due to the influence of non ideal factors, the system has large probability of heavy rail error, which leads to the stability of the zero baseline observation conditions. The error of heavy rail can reduce the accuracy of the deformation inversion. In this paper, the joint compensation method of the error phase of heavy rail and the phase of the atmosphere is studied. In order to establish the function relation of the error of the heavy rail to the interference phase, this paper first models the orbit error and derives the effect of its effect on the phase error of the target point after SAR imaging. In order to compensate the error phase, this paper, in order to compensate the error phase, based on the phase model of the heavy rail error and the atmospheric phase model, and combined with the least square theory, gives a high precision error phase compensation method, and through the analysis of the simulation data and the measured data, it is verified. The effectiveness of this method. (3) in view of the demand for real-time in the GBSAR deformation monitoring technology, the dynamic PS real-time processing algorithm based on the GBSAR system is studied on the basis of the traditional spaceborne PS processing method. In the processing flow, the dynamic PS real-time processing algorithm is parallel to PS selection processing and PS deformation inversion processing, and the whole process is processed. The process is divided into initialization stage and deformable inversion stage. Aiming at the problem of insufficient number of PS points in long time baseline interferograms, this paper uses SAR image grouping and updating the main image to keep the time baseline corresponding to the interferogram within a certain range, to ensure that the number of PS points is not too small. At the time, the state of the PS point is resolved at any time. In this paper, the interpolation method is used to obtain the deformation information in some regions which are unable to calculate the shape variables due to the extinction of PS points. Finally, through the slope experiment of the Fangshan stone mine in Beijing, the slope experiment of the Qian'an iron ore field in Tangshan Qian'an, Hebei, and the edge of the Linjia Ping of Lvliang, Shanxi The experimental data processing results of the slope experiment are analyzed. It is proved that the dynamic PS real-time processing algorithm based on GBSAR system has the ability of real-time and high precision monitoring scene deformation. (4) in view of the limitation that the traditional GBSAR deformation measurement technology can only extract the one dimension line of sight direction deformation, this paper has introduced the spaceborne multi aperture interference (MAI) technology. Based on the GBSAR model, the MAI two-dimensional deformation measurement technology is studied. Considering that almost all target points are in the positive side view state under the spaceborne mode, and in the GBSAR mode, some target points are in the non positive side view state. In this paper, on the basis of the star borne MAI theory, the positive side view target under the GBSAR mode and the GBSAR model are derived. The MAI Deformation Inversion Method of the non positive side vision is made by comparing the two observation modes. It is found that the MAI method actually measured the shape variable perpendicular to the LOS direction. Then, on the basis of the analysis of the inversion accuracy of the MAI method, the selection of the MAI optimal aperture in the GBSAR mode is discussed, and the coherent superposition of the SAR image is adopted. With addition treatment, the accuracy of MAI deformation measurement is further improved. Finally, through the analysis of the measured data processing results, it is proved that the ability of using the MAI method to obtain the vertical deformation in the direction of LOS under the GBSAR mode is verified. For the target with high signal to noise and close distance, the accuracy of the inversion of the deformation perpendicular to the LOS direction can reach mm order of magnitude or even the sub mm order of magnitude.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TN958

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