本文選題：館藏文物 + 三維掃描　； 參考：《華南理工大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：文物作為文化的承載者,在文化發(fā)展中具有舉足輕重的作用。但隨著人類(lèi)活動(dòng)的影響和時(shí)間的流逝,古文物不斷遭受損壞,有效的文物數(shù)據(jù)保存工作成為一個(gè)重要的課題。文物數(shù)字化是目前最為科學(xué)的文物數(shù)據(jù)獲取和保存手段,不僅可以記錄文物原始的三維信息和紋理信息,進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)三維信息展示,同時(shí)為文物修繕和恢復(fù)提供重要的數(shù)據(jù)和模型支持。當(dāng)前三維掃描技術(shù)、數(shù)碼拍照技術(shù)、三維渲染技術(shù)等,都為文物數(shù)字化提供了技術(shù)支持。本文聚焦館藏文物,對(duì)館藏文物的三維數(shù)據(jù)獲取及其可視化進(jìn)行了深入研究,實(shí)現(xiàn)了從文物的三維數(shù)據(jù)掃描、處理、建模、渲染,到3D打印輸出和三維數(shù)字化展示平臺(tái)建立的數(shù)字化全過(guò)程。針對(duì)典型的館藏文物,本文使用Go!Scan型號(hào)的結(jié)構(gòu)光三維掃描方式進(jìn)行三維信息采集,包括文物的三維結(jié)構(gòu)信息和表面紋理信息;對(duì)于油畫(huà)表面數(shù)據(jù)的獲取,本文基于線激光掃描技術(shù)和精密程控三維平移臺(tái),自主研發(fā)了油畫(huà)表面微觀結(jié)構(gòu)三維信息采集設(shè)備,該設(shè)備可以對(duì)油畫(huà)表面的微觀三維信息進(jìn)行采集,x-y軸方向的掃描精度為10μm以?xún)?nèi),z軸方向的掃描精度為2μm。數(shù)據(jù)處理中,將掃描獲得的RGB顏色數(shù)據(jù)與三維點(diǎn)云進(jìn)行一一綁定,獲得彩色三維點(diǎn)云,以彩色點(diǎn)云為最小單位進(jìn)行去噪、重采樣、配準(zhǔn)、封裝、優(yōu)化等算法的改進(jìn)。在K均值聚類(lèi)的點(diǎn)云降噪算法中,引入歐氏距離權(quán)重因子,有效改善離群點(diǎn)的誤判率;在點(diǎn)云重采樣算法中,同時(shí)考慮曲率和法向量,兼顧了點(diǎn)云的結(jié)構(gòu)和細(xì)節(jié);點(diǎn)云配準(zhǔn)算法中,利用基于點(diǎn)云重心距離特征的邊界檢測(cè)方法來(lái)提取點(diǎn)云邊界的特征點(diǎn),以此來(lái)減少參與迭代的點(diǎn),不僅降低了算法復(fù)雜度,還提高了配準(zhǔn)的精確性;點(diǎn)云封裝算法中,在經(jīng)典的Crust算法基礎(chǔ)上引入?yún)^(qū)域劃分和Delaunay四面體網(wǎng)格剖分的概念來(lái)進(jìn)行三角網(wǎng)格曲面重構(gòu),不僅提高了算法效率,還避免曲面在非閉合區(qū)域的機(jī)械粘連現(xiàn)象;三角網(wǎng)格修復(fù)算法中,基于波前法,并不每次都選取孔洞邊界夾角最小的角進(jìn)行修補(bǔ),而是采用一種基于邊界區(qū)域增長(zhǎng)的方式,由孔洞的邊界向孔洞內(nèi)部逐漸填充孔洞,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)與實(shí)際結(jié)構(gòu)較為接近的三角網(wǎng)格孔洞修補(bǔ)。以面向?qū)ο蟮娜S空間特征數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合了面向?qū)ο蠹夹g(shù)、面向服務(wù)技術(shù)、三維渲染技術(shù)、B+tree索引算法、LOD顯示技術(shù)、Web services技術(shù)等,研發(fā)了一種基于面向?qū)ο蟮娜S空間特征數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)庫(kù)的文物三維渲染引擎,該引擎克服了傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)在重構(gòu)和渲染時(shí)效率低、計(jì)算復(fù)雜等問(wèn)題,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)批量文物三維模型的場(chǎng)景重構(gòu)和逼真的文物模型渲染效果。館藏文物的彩色三維數(shù)字模型建立之后,一方面,使用3D打印可視化技術(shù)進(jìn)行輸出,研究?jī)?nèi)容包括3D設(shè)備無(wú)法在暫停前后實(shí)現(xiàn)連續(xù)打印提出了有效的改善途徑;另一方面,將文物三維數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用于數(shù)字化博物館中,構(gòu)建基于云計(jì)算、移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的文物三維模型展示系統(tǒng),可以實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)字博物館功能,進(jìn)行逼真的虛擬文物展示,觀眾可以通過(guò)手機(jī)等移動(dòng)終端隨時(shí)隨地、清晰、3D逼真地瀏覽和欣賞各大博物館中的珍貴文物。
[Abstract]:Cultural relic, as the bearer of culture, plays an important role in the development of culture. However, with the influence of human activities and the passing of time, ancient articles are constantly damaged. Effective preservation of cultural relics has become an important subject. In order to record the original three-dimensional information and texture information of the cultural relics, the three-dimensional information display is realized, and the important data and model support are provided for the restoration and restoration of the cultural relics. The current three-dimensional scanning technology, digital photography technology and three-dimensional rendering technology provide technical support for the digitalization of cultural relics. This article focuses on the collection of cultural relics and the collection of cultural relics The 3D data acquisition and visualization are deeply studied, and the digital process of 3D data scanning, processing, modeling, rendering, 3D printout and 3D digital display platform is realized. In view of the typical collection of collections, this paper uses Go! Scan model structure light three-dimensional scanning method for 3D information mining. Collection, including the three-dimensional structure information and surface texture information of the cultural relics; for the acquisition of oil painting surface data, based on the line laser scanning technology and the precision program controlled three-dimensional translation table, this paper independently developed the three-dimensional information collection equipment of the oil painting surface micro structure, which can collect the micro three-dimensional information on the oil painting surface, and the X-Y axis direction. The scanning precision is less than 10 m, and the scanning precision of the Z axis direction is 2 u M. data processing, and the RGB color data obtained by the scanning is bound to the three dimensional point cloud one by one, and the color 3D point cloud is obtained, and the algorithms of denoising, resampling, registration, encapsulation and optimization are improved by the color point cloud as the smallest unit. The point cloud denoising in K mean clustering is calculated. In the method, the Euclidean distance weight factor is introduced to effectively improve the error rate of outliers. In the point cloud resampling algorithm, the structure and details of the point cloud are taken into account simultaneously with the curvature and the normal vector. In the point cloud registration algorithm, the feature points of the point cloud boundary are extracted by using the boundary detection method based on the center of gravity distance of the point cloud, in order to reduce the participation. The point of iteration not only reduces the complexity of the algorithm, but also improves the accuracy of registration. In the point cloud encapsulation algorithm, the concept of regional division and Delaunay tetrahedral mesh generation is introduced on the basis of the classical Crust algorithm to reconstruct triangular mesh surface, which not only improves the efficiency of the algorithm, but also avoids the mechanical adhesion of the surface in the non closed region. The triangle mesh restoration algorithm, based on the wave front method, does not select the minimum angle angle of the hole boundary every time, but uses a method based on the growth of the boundary region, and gradually fills the hole from the boundary of the hole to the hole inside the hole, and can realize the triangular mesh hole repair which is close to the actual structure. Based on the 3D spatial feature database technology, it combines object oriented technology, service oriented technology, 3D rendering technology, B+tree index algorithm, LOD display technology, Web services technology and so on, and develops a 3D rendering engine of cultural relics based on object-oriented 3D spatial feature database. When the reconstruction and rendering are inefficient and complex computing, the scene reconstruction of the 3D model of mass cultural relics and the rendering effect of realistic artifacts can be realized. After the establishment of the three-dimensional digital model of the collection of cultural relics, on the one hand, the 3D printing visualization technology is used for output, and the content of the research includes that the 3D device can not be realized before and after the suspension. On the other hand, the three dimensional data of the cultural relics can be applied to the digital museum, and the 3D model display system based on cloud computing and mobile Internet technology can be used to realize the function of the digital museum and carry out the realistic display of the virtual cultural relics. The audience can follow the mobile terminal such as the mobile phone. Clearly and vividly, 3D can browse and appreciate the precious cultural relics in the museums.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G265;O439;TP311.52

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