本文選題：遠(yuǎn)程控制　切入點：遺傳算法　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近些年來，隨著計算機(jī)技術(shù)、自動化技術(shù)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，智能化和網(wǎng)絡(luò)化也成為溫室環(huán)境控制的發(fā)展方向，對溫室作物的栽培和管理也開始注重節(jié)約能源及其可持續(xù)發(fā)展性。吉林地區(qū)冬季漫長而寒冷，夏季短暫而溫?zé)�，晝夜溫差大，其基礎(chǔ)溫度及溫差變化同其他地區(qū)相比有很大的不同�，F(xiàn)有的控制系統(tǒng)是已經(jīng)做好的固定的控制系統(tǒng)，不能隨用戶的要求和季節(jié)的變化而隨意更改。 本研究針對吉林省地處北方寒冷地區(qū)的特點，通過對溫室作物生長規(guī)律及控制算法、軟硬件設(shè)計等方面的研究，設(shè)計了一套帶有遠(yuǎn)程控制功能的溫室智能控制系統(tǒng)，通過調(diào)節(jié)溫室的溫度、濕度、光照度和二氧化碳濃度等，為溫室作物的生長提供適宜的生長環(huán)境，從而提高作物的品質(zhì)、產(chǎn)量并節(jié)約能源。 本研究還設(shè)計了溫室控制系統(tǒng)的模糊PID控制器，并用改進(jìn)了的遺傳算法對兩輸入、三輸出的模糊PID控制器進(jìn)行了三角形隸屬函數(shù)底寬和模糊控制規(guī)則的優(yōu)化。對優(yōu)化后的模糊PID控制器進(jìn)行了仿真實驗，并與常規(guī)PID控制器和模糊PID控制器進(jìn)行了比較。 常規(guī)PID控制器對被控對象的數(shù)學(xué)模型依賴很大，存在響應(yīng)速度慢，超調(diào)量大等問題。運用模糊推理對PID控制器的三個參數(shù)Kp、 Ki、 Kd進(jìn)行調(diào)整，其控制效果明顯優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)的PID控制器，提高了系統(tǒng)的動靜態(tài)性能，系統(tǒng)的超調(diào)量減少，響應(yīng)速度變快。但是由于模糊PID控制器受到論域的劃分均勻和專家經(jīng)驗合理性的影響，其控制效果也沒達(dá)到最佳。而基于改進(jìn)的遺傳算法優(yōu)化的模糊PID控制器，通過遺傳算法所具有的超強的全局搜索能力，可以得到理想的控制規(guī)則和合理的模糊劃分。系統(tǒng)的超調(diào)量很小，響應(yīng)速度也很快。將遺傳算法應(yīng)用于模糊PID控制器，對其進(jìn)行參數(shù)的優(yōu)化可以明顯提高控制器的控制品質(zhì)。仿真實驗結(jié)果表明經(jīng)過改進(jìn)的遺傳算法優(yōu)化的模糊PID控制器具有較好的控制效果。 本研究基于模糊控制設(shè)計了一套溫室遠(yuǎn)程智能控制系統(tǒng)，本控制系統(tǒng)由四部分組成：一臺作為客戶端的遠(yuǎn)程控制PC機(jī)、一臺作為服務(wù)器端的上位機(jī)與作為溫室控制器的單片機(jī)stc15f2k60s2及數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)和執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)組成。 溫室智能控制系統(tǒng)軟件大致可分成六個功能模塊：人機(jī)界面模塊主要是完成系統(tǒng)登錄和密碼管理等交互功能；數(shù)據(jù)接收顯示模塊主要完成實時數(shù)值和圖形顯示溫室內(nèi)的溫度、濕度、光照度和CO2濃度等環(huán)境參數(shù)，存儲從溫室控制器接收到的數(shù)據(jù)，進(jìn)行超限報警。參數(shù)設(shè)置模塊是根據(jù)作物不同生長階段的要求對溫室環(huán)境各個參數(shù)進(jìn)行設(shè)置，為智能控制提供參考數(shù)據(jù)；控制策略模塊用于分析和處理從溫室控制器接收的數(shù)據(jù)信息，為溫室提供智能自動控制或者人工手動控制；狀態(tài)顯示模塊用于實時顯示現(xiàn)場各執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的運行狀態(tài)；通信模塊完成通訊協(xié)議的設(shè)定和數(shù)據(jù)的接收和發(fā)送。 溫室控制器可以實時的顯示溫室的溫度、濕度、光照度和CO2濃度等各個環(huán)境參數(shù)及執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的運行狀態(tài)。并能夠根據(jù)上位機(jī)發(fā)送的控制指令對溫室內(nèi)的執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行控制�，F(xiàn)場層主要包括溫度傳感器、濕度傳感器和光照度傳感器等各種傳感器構(gòu)成的數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)和各執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)。 控制策略方面，將控制模式分為春夏秋季模式和冬季模式兩種。春夏秋季模式中，將濕度分為高、中、低三個等級，將一天分為午前（6：00-14：00）、午后（14：00-19：00）、傍晚（19：00-24：00）和夜晚（0：00-6：00）四個時間段進(jìn)行模糊變溫控制。冬季模式中將一天24小時分為白天和夜晚兩個時段進(jìn)行變溫控制。 遠(yuǎn)程控制PC機(jī)和上位機(jī)之間的通信由Visual C++6.0編程實現(xiàn)，只要在溫室遠(yuǎn)程控制軟件中輸入上位機(jī)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址，當(dāng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接成功后，就可以實時顯示溫室的環(huán)境參數(shù)和執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的運行狀態(tài)，并且可以手動控制各個執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的啟閉。 經(jīng)過試驗表明：系統(tǒng)界面友好易于操作，能夠?qū)崟r顯示溫室環(huán)境參數(shù)和執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的運行狀態(tài)，并能夠根據(jù)控制策略智能的控制溫室環(huán)境，環(huán)境參數(shù)能夠控制在設(shè)定范圍內(nèi)，，為黃瓜創(chuàng)造適宜的生長環(huán)境。此外，系統(tǒng)的溫濕度等控制參數(shù)易于修改以便適應(yīng)不同作物的需求。技術(shù)人員或者管理人員在不同的省份城市甚至不同的國家都可以通過遠(yuǎn)程控制機(jī)方便的監(jiān)控溫室環(huán)境和執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的運行狀態(tài)，達(dá)到減員增效的目的。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of computer technology, automation technology and network technology, intelligent and network has become the development direction of greenhouse environment control, cultivation and management of greenhouse crops has also begun to focus on energy conservation and sustainable development in Jilin area. The winter diffuse long and cold, summer is short and hot, the temperature difference between day and night and the base temperature and the temperature change are quite different compared with other regions. The existing control system is the control system of fixed ready, can change with the user's requirements and the seasons change.
Based on the characteristics of Jilin province is located in the northern cold region, the growth of greenhouse crops and control algorithm research, software and hardware design, design a set of intelligent greenhouse control system with remote control function, by adjusting the greenhouse temperature, humidity, light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration, provide a suitable environment for the growth of for greenhouse crop growth, improve crop quality, yield and save energy.
The study also designed a fuzzy PID controller of the greenhouse control system, and uses improved genetic algorithm to the two input, three output fuzzy PID controller optimized triangle membership function width and fuzzy control rule. A simulation of fuzzy PID controller after optimization, and compared with the conventional PID controller and the fuzzy PID controller.
The mathematical model of the controlled object of the conventional PID controller depends has slow response speed and overshoot problem. Using fuzzy inference three parameters of the PID controller Kp, Ki, Kd adjusted PID controller, its control effect is better than the traditional, improve the system static and dynamic performance, the system overshoot the reduced response speed. But because of the fuzzy PID controller is affected by the division of the domain of uniform and expert experience and rationality, the control effect is not optimal. And the fuzzy PID controller based on improved genetic algorithm, which is through strong global search capability of genetic algorithm, the control rules can get ideal and the reasonable fuzzy partition. The overshoot of the system is very small, the response speed is very fast. The application of genetic algorithm to optimize the parameters of fuzzy PID controller, the controller can significantly improve The simulation results show that the fuzzy PID controller optimized by the improved genetic algorithm has good control effect.
A set of remote intelligent control system design of fuzzy control based on this research, the control system consists of four parts: a remote control as the PC client, as a PC server as greenhouse controller chip stc15f2k60s2 and data acquisition system and an actuating mechanism.
The intelligent greenhouse control system software can be roughly divided into six functional modules: man-machine interface module is mainly to complete the interactive function of system login and password management; data receiving and displaying module mainly completes the real-time numerical and graphical display of the greenhouse temperature, humidity, light intensity and CO2 concentration and other environmental parameters from the data storage controller receives the greenhouse for, overrun alarm parameter setting module is set up. The greenhouse environment parameters according to the different growth stage of the crop requirements, to provide reference data for intelligent control; control strategy module for data processing and information received from the greenhouse controller, providing intelligent automatic control or manual control for the greenhouse; the state display module for real-time display operation the state of each actuator site; sending and receiving communication module to complete communication protocol and data set.
Greenhouse controller can display the greenhouse temperature, humidity real-time operation state, light intensity and CO2 concentration of various environmental parameters and actuator. And can be controlled according to the control instruction sent by the host computer to the greenhouse actuator. The field layer includes a temperature sensor, data acquisition system composed of humidity sensor and light sensor all kinds of sensors and actuators.
The control strategy, the control mode is divided into spring and summer autumn and winter mode two modes. In spring and autumn, the humidity is high, low, three levels, will be a day before noon, afternoon (6:00-14:00) (14:00-19:00) (19:00-24:00), evening and night (0: 00-6:00) four time the fuzzy temperature control mode in winter. 24 hours a day is divided into two periods of day and night temperature control.
The communication between the remote control PC and PC is realized by Visual C++6.0 programming, as long as the input of the PC network address in the greenhouse remote control software, when the network connection is successful, it can display the running state of greenhouse environment parameters and actuators, and can manually control every actuator to open and close.
The experiment shows that the system has friendly interface and easy to operate, can display the running status of greenhouse environment parameters and actuators, and be able to control greenhouse environment intelligent control strategy, environmental parameters can be controlled in the range of set value, create a suitable environment for the growth of cucumber. In addition, the temperature and humidity control parameters can be easily modified to adapt different crop needs. Technical personnel or management personnel in different provinces, city and even different countries are available through the running state of the remote control of greenhouse environment monitoring machine convenient and actuator, to achieve the purpose of shedding workers.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TP273.4;TP18

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