本文選題：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)　切入點(diǎn)：分簇路由　出處：《重慶大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：典型的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)是由許多微型廉價(jià)低功耗的傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)采用自組織的方式形成的專用網(wǎng)絡(luò),常被部署于指定的區(qū)域用于感知和采集各種監(jiān)測(cè)對(duì)象的信息,并采用多跳通信方式將信息提供給終端用戶,是連接人類社會(huì)和物理世界的信息紐帶。WSN與傳統(tǒng)的無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)不同,WSN中的節(jié)點(diǎn)帶寬、內(nèi)存等資源更為匱乏,尤其是其有限的能量資源直接影響到傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的生命周期以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)的信息質(zhì)量。由于傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)的能量通常很難得到補(bǔ)充,因此,在節(jié)點(diǎn)能量有限的前提下,討論如何提高有限能量的利用率,以延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的生命周期,是當(dāng)前該領(lǐng)域研究的熱點(diǎn)問題。傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)絕大部分的能量都用于數(shù)據(jù)的無線傳輸,因此采用高能效的路由協(xié)議有助于減少節(jié)點(diǎn)的能耗,從而延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)生存期。通過對(duì)現(xiàn)有的路由協(xié)議系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)和總結(jié),發(fā)現(xiàn)基于分簇結(jié)構(gòu)的路由協(xié)議在網(wǎng)絡(luò)擴(kuò)展性、高效節(jié)能性等方面具有明顯優(yōu)勢(shì),本文圍繞這一課題針對(duì)不同類型的WSN構(gòu)建分簇結(jié)構(gòu)的路由協(xié)議。論文主要內(nèi)容及創(chuàng)新性成果包含:(1)針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)同構(gòu)的WSN,研究如何構(gòu)建單跳分簇路由協(xié)議,提出了一種混合的基于博弈理論的分布式分簇路由協(xié)議(Hybrid,Game Theory based and Distributed clustering,HGTD)。在傳統(tǒng)WSN單跳分簇路由協(xié)議中,簇頭節(jié)點(diǎn)采用單跳通信的方式將數(shù)據(jù)傳輸至較遠(yuǎn)的基站,能耗速率很快,如何選擇最優(yōu)的簇頭節(jié)點(diǎn)以均衡節(jié)點(diǎn)間的能耗并延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)生存期是一個(gè)研究重點(diǎn)。本協(xié)議中引入博弈理論用于解決單跳分簇路由中的簇頭節(jié)點(diǎn)選擇問題,節(jié)點(diǎn)被建模為博弈參與者,通過與其鄰近區(qū)域的節(jié)點(diǎn)博弈得到自己成為簇頭的均衡概率。在分簇博弈模型中特別定義了節(jié)點(diǎn)選擇不同策略時(shí)的收益,并考慮到節(jié)點(diǎn)度以及節(jié)點(diǎn)到基站的距離,使得節(jié)點(diǎn)在根據(jù)均衡概率決定是否成為簇頭時(shí)能夠在最小化能量開銷和提供必須的網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)之間保持均衡。此外,設(shè)計(jì)了一種迭代算法從潛在的簇頭節(jié)點(diǎn)中選出最終的簇頭節(jié)點(diǎn),可均衡節(jié)點(diǎn)間的能耗并且避免相鄰的節(jié)點(diǎn)同時(shí)被選為簇頭。仿真結(jié)果表明本協(xié)議能夠明顯改善網(wǎng)絡(luò)生存期。(2)由于外界因素的影響,傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)被部署于監(jiān)測(cè)區(qū)域一段時(shí)間后通常能量異構(gòu)。本文針對(duì)能量異構(gòu)WSN,研究如何構(gòu)建多跳分簇路由協(xié)議,提出了一種基于非均勻簇結(jié)構(gòu)的路由協(xié)議(Unequal Cluster-based Routing scheme for multi-level Heterogeneous wireless sensor networks,UCR-H)。在多跳分簇路由協(xié)議中,網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的所有簇頭節(jié)點(diǎn)共同合作將數(shù)據(jù)以多跳通信方式傳輸至基站,因此離基站越近的簇頭節(jié)點(diǎn)擔(dān)負(fù)的簇間數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)任務(wù)越重,這會(huì)導(dǎo)致能量空洞問題的發(fā)生。為了避免在能量異構(gòu)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中采用多跳分簇路由協(xié)議時(shí)出現(xiàn)能量空洞問題,本協(xié)議中將網(wǎng)絡(luò)所在監(jiān)測(cè)區(qū)域劃分為若干等尺寸的矩形單元。首先通過均衡不同單元間簇頭節(jié)點(diǎn)的能耗,計(jì)算得到各單元中的簇頭數(shù)目;然后通過最小化網(wǎng)絡(luò)中簇間數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的總能耗,得到最優(yōu)的單元數(shù);最后根據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)的能量等級(jí)以及節(jié)點(diǎn)所在單元的簇頭數(shù)目,為各單元中不同能量等級(jí)的節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)了當(dāng)選為簇頭時(shí)對(duì)應(yīng)的簇半徑,此外還得到了一輪次閾值避免對(duì)能量等級(jí)高的節(jié)點(diǎn)的過度懲罰。仿真結(jié)果表明UCR-H協(xié)議能夠有效減輕網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的能量空洞問題,并且明顯改善了網(wǎng)絡(luò)生存期。(3)近來,在一些WSN應(yīng)用中傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)配備有能量獲取裝置,但從環(huán)境中獲取能量的能力很有限。本文針對(duì)能量獲取WSN,研究如何構(gòu)建多跳分簇路由協(xié)議,提出了一種多跳的能量中性分簇路由協(xié)議(Multi-hop Energy Neutral Clustering,MENC)。設(shè)計(jì)本協(xié)議的主要目的是實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)節(jié)點(diǎn)從環(huán)境中獲取的能量的有效利用,以獲得無限長(zhǎng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)生存期。通過結(jié)合節(jié)點(diǎn)的能耗情況以及能量狀態(tài),給出了節(jié)點(diǎn)的能量中性約束,在此約束下節(jié)點(diǎn)可工作在能量中性狀態(tài)下,從而可維持網(wǎng)絡(luò)的永久運(yùn)行,避免網(wǎng)絡(luò)失效。此外,在確保節(jié)點(diǎn)工作在能量中性狀態(tài)的前提下,通過凸優(yōu)化的方法得出最小的網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸周期,使得基站成功接收到的數(shù)據(jù)量達(dá)到最大值。仿真結(jié)果表明MENC協(xié)議能夠獲得無限長(zhǎng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)生存期,確保網(wǎng)絡(luò)中節(jié)點(diǎn)持續(xù)的數(shù)據(jù)采集與傳輸,并且網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐量得到明顯提高。
[Abstract]:A typical wireless sensor network (Wireless Sensor Network, WSN) is a special network formed by many cheap miniature low power consumption of the sensor nodes in a self-organized way, are often deployed in the designated area for sensing and gathering information on a variety of monitoring objects, and adopt multi hop communication to provide information to the user terminal, is different information link.WSN with traditional wireless network connection of human society and the physical world, the bandwidth of WSN, memory and other resources more scarce, especially the limited energy resources directly affects the quality of information sensor network life cycle and network. As the supplement, the energy of sensor nodes are usually difficult to get it in the premise of limited node energy, discuss how to improve the utilization rate of energy limited, to extend the network life cycle, is the focus of research in this field. Most of the energy of sensor nodes are used for wireless transmission of data, so the use of energy-efficient routing protocol helps to reduce the energy consumption of the nodes, prolong the network survival. By summarizing the existing system of routing protocol and routing protocol that cluster on scalability in network based on high performance has obvious advantages such aspects, this paper focuses on the subject for different types of WSN to construct the routing protocol clustering structure. The main contents and innovative achievements include: (1) according to the traditional homogeneous WSN, studied how to construct the single hop clustering routing protocol, we propose a hybrid distributed clustering routing game theory protocol based on (Hybrid, Game Theory based and Distributed clustering, HGTD WSN). In the traditional single hop clustering routing protocol, cluster head nodes using single hop communication mode for data transmission to the distant base Station, energy consumption rate is fast, how to select the optimal cluster head nodes to balance the energy consumption of nodes and prolong the network lifetime is a focus of research. The game theory is introduced in this agreement to solve the single hop clustering routing in cluster head node selection problem, the node is modeled as game participants, nodes of the game and the adjacent area of the equilibrium probability become cluster head. In the cluster game model defines the special node selection strategy of different benefits, and considering the node degree and node distance to the base station, the node can keep balance between minimizing energy cost and provide the necessary services in the network according to the equilibrium probability to decide whether as the cluster head. In addition, the design of an iterative algorithm from the cluster head node potential in the selected cluster head node finally, can balance the consumption of the node and avoid adjacent nodes at the same time Was selected as the cluster head. The simulation results show that this protocol can improve the network lifetime. (2) due to the influence of external factors, the sensor nodes are deployed in the monitoring area after a period of time. According to the usual energy heterogeneous energy heterogeneous WSN, studied how to construct the multi hop clustering protocol is proposed, which is based on non uniform routing protocol cluster structure (Unequal Cluster-based Routing scheme for multi-level Heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, UCR-H). In the multi hop routing protocol, all cluster nodes in the network cooperate data in multi hop communication mode of transmission to the base station, the cluster head nodes closer to the base station is responsible for the inter cluster data forwarding the heavier tasks, this will occur. In order to avoid the energy hole problem in energy heterogeneous network the energy hole problem of multi hop clustering protocol, this protocol The network where the monitoring area is divided into several rectangular element size. Firstly, the balance of energy consumption between different elements of the cluster node, calculate the number of cluster head of each unit in the network; then by minimizing the total energy consumption of the inter cluster data forwarding, get the optimal number of units; finally, according to the number of cluster head node energy level and the node where the unit, for different energy levels of nodes each unit is designed to be elected as the cluster radius corresponding to the cluster head, in addition to get a round threshold to avoid excessive punishment of the node energy level high. The simulation results show that UCR-H protocol can effectively alleviate the problem of the network energy hole, and significantly improved the survival of the network. (3) recently, in the application of WSN in some sensor nodes are equipped with energy harvesting device, but the ability of obtaining energy from the environment is limited. According to the energy received Take WSN, study how to build a multi hop clustering protocol, proposed an energy neutral multi hop clustering routing protocol (Multi-hop Energy Neutral Clustering, MENC). The main purpose of this agreement is designed to achieve efficient use of nodes to obtain energy from the environment, in order to obtain the network lifetime is infinite. By combining the energy consumption of the node energy state and, given the node energy neutral constraint, this constraint node can work in energy neutral condition, which can maintain a permanent operation of the network, to avoid network failure. In addition, in the premise of ensuring the node work in energy neutral state, network data obtained by the minimum transmission cycle a convex optimization model, the amount of data the base station receives to reach the maximum value. The simulation results show that the MENC protocol can achieve network lifetime infinite, ensure that the nodes in the network to Continuous data acquisition and transmission, and network throughput has been significantly improved.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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本文編號(hào)：1595922