本文關(guān)鍵詞： 調(diào)頻連續(xù)波激光雷達(dá) 無合作目標(biāo) 大尺寸測量 散射特性 測量不確定度　出處：《天津大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：基于連續(xù)激光調(diào)頻測距技術(shù)的無合作目標(biāo)大尺寸球坐標(biāo)精密測量系統(tǒng)無需合作目標(biāo),測量安全快捷、范圍大、精度高,能夠滿足目前大空間精密測量方面日益增長的需求。然而,與有合作目標(biāo)的激光測距系統(tǒng)相比,被測目標(biāo)表面的不確定性導(dǎo)致激光后向散射機(jī)理非常復(fù)雜,使得無合作目標(biāo)激光測距系統(tǒng)的精度和測量范圍均受到嚴(yán)重影響。因此,針對此問題,本文展開的一系列表面測量特性及其對測距影響的研究,是提高測量系統(tǒng)整體測量精度和范圍的關(guān)鍵研究內(nèi)容。論文的主要工作概況如下:1、研究了粗糙表面的散射特性,提出了一種制造表面粗糙度影響激光測量性能的試驗方法,研制了試驗裝置,試驗測量并分析了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)漫反射白板和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)粗糙度樣塊在紅外激光照射下的散射特性,加強了對激光與物質(zhì)相互作用機(jī)理的試驗支撐和工程應(yīng)用解釋,為激光雷達(dá)中無合作目標(biāo)問題的研究提供了理論與實驗基礎(chǔ)。2、對粗糙面后向散射系數(shù)的近似解析方法(積分方程方法、基爾霍夫近似方法和微擾法)進(jìn)行了公式推導(dǎo),數(shù)值計算了隨機(jī)高斯粗糙面的后向散射系數(shù)。開展了實際加工表面的后向散射特性的實驗研究,深入探討了入射方位角、入射角、入射光偏振方向和表面微觀形貌對實際加工表面后向散射特性的影響規(guī)律。3、在對真實加工表面后向散射特性進(jìn)行大量實驗研究與分析的基礎(chǔ)之上,首先建立了基于神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的加工表面后向散射的網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型,然后,結(jié)合遺傳算法,構(gòu)建了加工表面多維參數(shù)的反演模型,使能測范圍得到大幅度地提高。4、建立了粗糙表面對激光雷達(dá)測量信號影響的數(shù)學(xué)模型,對理想信號、斜坡信號、突變信號以及隨機(jī)粗糙面信號進(jìn)行了模擬,分析了表面粗糙度、相關(guān)長度對測量信號的影響,通過對不同粗糙度樣塊的實際測量結(jié)果對比,驗證了理論分析的正確性。5、推導(dǎo)了調(diào)頻連續(xù)波激光雷達(dá)測距精度的理論模型,分析了影響激光雷達(dá)精度的因素,重點分析了表面特性對測距精度的影響。設(shè)計了大尺寸測距實驗,對理論分析進(jìn)行了驗證。此外,針對表面微觀形貌的特點,提出了減小測量不確定度的方法,減弱了粗糙表面的影響。
[Abstract]:Based on the continuous laser frequency modulation ranging technology, the large size spherical coordinate precision measurement system without cooperative target needs no cooperative target, and the measurement is safe, fast, wide range and high precision. However, compared with the laser ranging system with cooperative targets, the uncertainty on the surface of the measured target leads to a very complicated mechanism of laser backscattering. The accuracy and measurement range of the laser ranging system for non-cooperative targets are seriously affected. Therefore, a series of surface measurement characteristics and their effects on ranging have been studied in this paper. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1. The scattering characteristics of rough surface are studied, and a test method for the influence of surface roughness on laser measurement performance is proposed. A test device was developed. The scattering characteristics of standard diffuse white board and standard roughness sample were measured and analyzed under infrared laser irradiation, and the experimental support and engineering application explanation for the interaction mechanism between laser and matter were strengthened. This paper provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the study of non-cooperative target problem in lidar. The approximate analytical method of backscattering coefficient of rough surface (integral equation method, Kirchhoff approximation method and perturbation method) is derived. The backscattering coefficient of random Gao Si rough surface is numerically calculated. The experimental study on backscattering characteristics of practical machined surface is carried out, and the incident azimuth and incident angle are discussed in depth. The influence of the polarization direction of incident light and the micro-morphology of the surface on the backscattering characteristics of the real machined surface. 3. On the basis of a large number of experimental studies and analysis of the backscattering characteristics of the real machined surface, Firstly, a neural network-based model of backward scattering of machined surface is established, and then, combining with genetic algorithm, the inversion model of multi-dimensional parameters of machined surface is constructed. A mathematical model of the influence of rough surface on lidar measurement signal is established. The ideal signal, slope signal, abrupt signal and random rough surface signal are simulated, and the surface roughness is analyzed. The influence of correlation length on the measurement signal is verified by comparing the actual measurement results of different roughness samples, and the theoretical model of ranging accuracy of FM CW lidar is deduced. The factors that affect the accuracy of lidar are analyzed, and the influence of surface characteristics on ranging accuracy is analyzed. A large scale ranging experiment is designed and the theoretical analysis is verified. A method to reduce the uncertainty of measurement is proposed to reduce the influence of rough surface.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TN958.98

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 嵇盛育;徐貴力;馮文玲;劉小霞;;基于紅外視覺的無人機(jī)自主著艦合作目標(biāo)的研究[J];紅外技術(shù);2007年10期

2 龔民;宦克為;石曉光;鄭峰;趙青義;;合作目標(biāo)與背景溫度對比度的確定[J];紅外與激光工程;2009年02期

3 徐安成;;無合作目標(biāo)激光測距儀光學(xué)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計[J];常州工學(xué)院學(xué)報;2008年03期

4 殷曉婷;李少武;高思遠(yuǎn);楊福軍;;基于合作目標(biāo)的大系統(tǒng)誤差方法研究[J];電腦開發(fā)與應(yīng)用;2013年12期

5 劉曉軍;倪國強;盧欣;;交會跟蹤C(jī)CD像機(jī)探測合作目標(biāo)光功率分析[J];光電工程;2006年01期

6 倪立學(xué);徐貴力;胡建華;;一種地面合作目標(biāo)的研究與設(shè)計[J];光電工程;2007年07期

7 衛(wèi)丕昌;計算機(jī)輔助激光合作目標(biāo)的研制[J];光學(xué)精密工程;1996年06期

8 郝帥;程詠梅;馬旭;宋琳;趙建濤;;面向近紅外合作目標(biāo)的魯棒檢測與匹配算法[J];系統(tǒng)工程與電子技術(shù);2014年09期

9 劉艷;張旭;孫杰;;機(jī)載合作目標(biāo)處高精度測量方法研究[J];無線電工程;2013年07期

10 夏正浩;徐貴力;程月華;王敬東;田裕鵬;;基于視覺的無人機(jī)著艦中紅外合作目標(biāo)的分割方法研究[J];航空兵器;2009年06期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 陶會榮;無合作目標(biāo)激光測距中目標(biāo)特性對測量影響研究[D];天津大學(xué);2015年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 黃玉林;可變頻的水下合作目標(biāo)定位研究[D];哈爾濱工程大學(xué);2011年

2 祁曉鵬;基于合作目標(biāo)與視覺導(dǎo)引的無人機(jī)自主著陸技術(shù)研究[D];南京航空航天大學(xué);2014年

3 王小洪;無人機(jī)組合視覺特征著陸導(dǎo)引技術(shù)和合作目標(biāo)優(yōu)化研究[D];南京航空航天大學(xué);2013年

，

本文編號：1515804