基于超級計(jì)算機(jī)的并行FDTD關(guān)鍵技術(shù)與應(yīng)用
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-13 13:08
本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于超級計(jì)算機(jī)的并行FDTD關(guān)鍵技術(shù)與應(yīng)用 出處：《西安電子科技大學(xué)》2016年博士論文 論文類型：學(xué)位論文
更多相關(guān)文章： 時(shí)域有限差分法 虛擬拓?fù)?/b> 超級計(jì)算機(jī) 電大電磁問題 獨(dú)立FDTD軟件
【摘要】：電磁場與電磁波在生產(chǎn)生活中發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。數(shù)值計(jì)算具有精確高效、靈活方便等顯著優(yōu)勢,因此成為電磁特性分析與設(shè)計(jì)的現(xiàn)代化手段,也日益發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。時(shí)域有限差分(FDTD)法作為電磁場三大經(jīng)典數(shù)值方法之一,具有自己獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢。對于電大尺寸及具有復(fù)雜(細(xì)小)結(jié)構(gòu)的電磁目標(biāo)仿真,巨大的內(nèi)存資源和計(jì)算時(shí)間消耗成為了該算法的限制因素。隨著當(dāng)今計(jì)算機(jī)軟硬件的飛速發(fā)展,大型計(jì)算機(jī)集群為大規(guī)模復(fù)雜電磁問題的解決提供了可能。利用計(jì)算能力更強(qiáng)的平臺來求解大規(guī)模電磁場問題成為計(jì)算電磁學(xué)領(lǐng)域中的熱點(diǎn)和挑戰(zhàn)之一。作為大型計(jì)算機(jī)集群中新興的純國產(chǎn)計(jì)算機(jī)而言,由于其編譯器等環(huán)境都是針對國產(chǎn)CPU的架構(gòu)自主開發(fā)的,與通用計(jì)算機(jī)平臺的環(huán)境存在著較大的差異,且在純國產(chǎn)超級計(jì)算平臺中對電磁應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行相關(guān)的研究工作具有更高的安全性,因此在國產(chǎn)計(jì)算機(jī)中對自主開發(fā)的并行FDTD算法程序進(jìn)行移植和測試顯得尤為重要。作為提升求解效率的重要手段,采用新型的硬件資源國產(chǎn)眾核處理器,可進(jìn)一步加速求解速度,縮短數(shù)值計(jì)算的時(shí)間�；谏鲜鲈�,本文基于國內(nèi)超級計(jì)算機(jī)硬件平臺,對并行FDTD算法的性能優(yōu)化及其大規(guī)模應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了深入研究。本文的主要工作可以概括為：(1).基于FDTD方法的運(yùn)算特性,采用笛卡爾(Cartesian)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)來描述整個(gè)計(jì)算空間子區(qū)域間的邏輯關(guān)系,實(shí)現(xiàn)了基于MPI的并行FDTD方法,并建立影響并行FDTD并行效率性能的數(shù)學(xué)模型。通過理論分析,提出可獲得較高并行性能的虛擬拓?fù)溥x取理論準(zhǔn)則。同時(shí)給出一種采用并行策略實(shí)現(xiàn)基三角面片模型來提取FDTD立方體模型的方法,使得核心程序與模型無關(guān),相比于串行建模法,極大的提高了建模速度。當(dāng)問題規(guī)模較大時(shí),效率可提升60%以上：(2).基于上述理論準(zhǔn)則,在國家超級計(jì)算天津中心和國家超級計(jì)算深圳中心兩個(gè)通用平臺上對并行FDTD虛擬拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化進(jìn)行了大量測試驗(yàn)證工作。通過對天津中心測試結(jié)果的分析,得出跨節(jié)點(diǎn)通信少的虛擬拓?fù)淇色@得較好的并行性能。而通過對深圳中心測試結(jié)果的分析,得出在整個(gè)通信任務(wù)中,占主要通信任務(wù)的通信量小時(shí),算法可獲得較好的并行性能。綜合兩個(gè)通用平臺上的結(jié)果以及數(shù)學(xué)模型得出的理論準(zhǔn)則,給出通用平臺上并行FDTD最優(yōu)化虛擬拓?fù)涞囊话阈詼?zhǔn)則,即：a、基本準(zhǔn)則是選擇拓?fù)涫沟每偼ㄐ帕孔钚。篵、通信總量相當(dāng)?shù)那闆r下,跨節(jié)點(diǎn)通信少的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)性能一般較好；c、跨節(jié)點(diǎn)通信量相當(dāng)時(shí),選擇通信負(fù)載較為均衡的拓?fù)��；谠摐?zhǔn)則,計(jì)算時(shí)可獲得較高的并行性能；(3).考慮到純國產(chǎn)CPU的計(jì)算機(jī)與通用計(jì)算機(jī)平臺的區(qū)別,研究了純國產(chǎn)平臺上并行FDTD方法獲得高效率的虛擬拓?fù)錅?zhǔn)則。受限于國產(chǎn)CPU的內(nèi)存,整個(gè)測試采用分段測試的方式進(jìn)行。通過對測試結(jié)果的分析,得出了與通用平臺上基本一致的最優(yōu)化虛擬拓?fù)溥x取準(zhǔn)則；(4).基于國產(chǎn)眾核平臺的特點(diǎn),對并行FDTD方法進(jìn)行了算法上的移植。并針對國產(chǎn)眾核平臺上獨(dú)有的編程方式,對并行FDTD方法的并行策略進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。通過對多個(gè)算例模型的測試,得出了在國產(chǎn)眾核平臺上算法的加速性能；(5).在不同的測試平臺上,對FDTD的并行性能進(jìn)行了測試。在純國產(chǎn)CPU計(jì)算機(jī)平臺上突破了10萬核,以128 CPU核為基準(zhǔn),算法在10240 CPU核時(shí)的并行效率仍可達(dá)67%以上。在通用平臺上突破了30萬核,以6萬CPU核為基準(zhǔn),算法在30萬CPU核時(shí)的并行效率可達(dá)80%以上。在國產(chǎn)眾核平臺上突破了400萬核,最大計(jì)算Yee網(wǎng)格量約為1萬億；值得指出,根據(jù)2015年5月的查新報(bào)告顯示,這是目前國際上最大并行規(guī)模的國產(chǎn)電磁仿真應(yīng)用。(6).在不同的超級計(jì)算機(jī)平臺上就幾種典型的電磁應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了仿真分析,包括天線的輻射特性分析、載機(jī)平臺的散射特性分析、機(jī)載天線的受擾方向圖分析以及雷電襲擊飛機(jī)時(shí),飛機(jī)周圍的近場分析等；(7).基于GiD軟件進(jìn)行了二次開發(fā),形成了一套自主可控的并行FDTD軟件。通過該軟件可實(shí)現(xiàn)從建模、參數(shù)設(shè)置、媒質(zhì)賦值、MESH剖分、計(jì)算和后處理顯示等一體化過程。
[Abstract]:Electromagnetic field and electromagnetic wave in production and life plays an increasingly important role. The numerical calculation is accurate and efficient, flexible and convenient and other significant advantages, therefore become a modern means for the analysis and design of electromagnetic characteristics, plays a more and more important role. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is one of the three classical numerical electromagnetic field methods, has its own unique advantages. For large and complex (small) electromagnetic simulation structure, memory resources and huge computing time consumption has become the limitation of the algorithm factors. With the rapid development of computer hardware and software, provides the possibility of a large cluster of computers for solving large-scale complex electromagnetic problems. By calculation a stronger platform to solve the problem of electromagnetic field calculation becomes one of the hot and challenges in the field of electromagnetics. As a large-scale computer cluster In the emerging pure domestic computer, because the compiler environment is based on CPU architecture is developed, there is a big difference with the general computer platform environment, and in the pure domestic super computing platform in the field of electromagnetic application of associated work has higher security, so the parallel FDTD algorithm program for independent development in the domestic computer transplant and test is very important. As an important means to improve the solving efficiency, the hardware resources of domestic multi-core processor model, can further accelerate the solving speed, shorten the calculation time. Based on the above reasons, the domestic super computer hardware platform based on the performance of the parallel optimization FDTD algorithm and its application are studied. The main work of this paper can be summarized as follows: (1). The operation characteristics based on FDTD method, The Cartesian (Cartesian) topology to describe the logical relations of the calculation space between subdomains, realizes the parallel FDTD method based on MPI, and to establish the mathematical model of FDTD parallel parallel efficiency performance. Through theoretical analysis, proposed can obtain high performance parallel virtual topology selection criterion. Then a method is adopted to realize base triangle model method to extract FDTD cube model of parallel strategy, the core program and model independent, compared to the serial modeling method, which greatly improves the modeling speed. When the scale of the problem is large, can improve the efficiency of 60% above: (2). The theory based on the criterion in the National Supercomputing Center in Tianjin and the National Supercomputing the center of Shenzhen two general platform for parallel FDTD virtual topology optimization of a large number of testing work. Through the analysis of the test center of Tianjin, the Cross communication virtual topology few nodes can obtain good parallel performance. Through the analysis of the results obtained in the test center of Shenzhen, the task of communication, communication accounts for the main communication task hours, algorithm can obtain good parallel performance. Two general results based on the mathematical model and the theory of criterion. Parallel optimization FDTD virtual topology general criteria, namely: a general platform is given, the basic criterion is chosen so that the total amount of the minimum communication topology: B communication, total equivalent, cross topology node communication performance less good; C, cross section by letter amounts, the communication topology is load equilibrium. Based on this criterion, the calculation can obtain high parallel performance; (3). Considering the difference between pure domestic CPU computer and general computer platform, the pure domestic platform parallel FDT Virtual topology criterion D method to obtain high efficiency. Due to the domestic CPU memory, the test adopts subsection test method. Through the analysis of the test results, the selection criterion of optimal virtual topology is consistent with the general platform; (4). The characteristics of domestic nuclear platform based on parallel FDTD method the algorithm of the transplant. And according to the unique domestic many core platform programming, the parallel strategy of parallel FDTD method was optimized. Through several examples of model test, the acceleration performance of the algorithm in domestic multi-core platform; (5). In different test platform, the the performance of parallel FDTD are tested. In the pure domestic CPU computer platform exceeded 100 thousand to 128 nuclear, nuclear CPU as a benchmark, the CPU core algorithm in 10240 parallel efficiency is still above 67%. On a common platform to break the 300 thousand nuclear, to 60 thousand CPU as a benchmark, the CPU core algorithm in 300 thousand parallel efficiency can reach more than 80%. In the domestic nuclear platform exceeded 4 million nuclear, the maximum calculated Yee grid is about 1 trillion; it should be pointed out that according to the new report found in May 2015 showed that it is made of electromagnetic simulation application of the largest international parallel scale. (6). The simulation analysis was carried out on the application of several typical electromagnetic supercomputers in different platforms, including the analysis of the radiation characteristics of the antenna and scattering characteristics of aircraft platform, airborne antenna interference pattern analysis and lightning hit the aircraft, the aircraft around the near field analysis; (7). Based on the GiD software for the two time development, has formed a set of independent controllable parallel FDTD software. The software can be achieved through the modeling, parameter setting, medium assignment, MESH triangulation, calculation and postprocessing display integration process.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TP338;O441.4
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