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  本文關鍵詞：基于相位調(diào)制的干涉型光纖傳感器研究　出處：《西北大學》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 光纖光學 光纖傳感器 多模干涉 光纖干涉儀

【摘要】：光纖傳感器以其結(jié)構(gòu)靈巧、多參量測量、高靈敏度和易于組網(wǎng)等優(yōu)點得到了廣泛應用。本文研究了多種基于相位調(diào)制的干涉型光纖傳感器,實現(xiàn)了對環(huán)境溫度、濕度、折射率等參量的傳感；并針對如何抑制和消除光纖傳感器普遍存在的溫度交叉敏感問題進行了研究和探討,分別采用溫度補償技術來抵消溫度波動對測量結(jié)果的影響,采用雙參量同時測量技術來區(qū)分溫度和待測物理量對測量結(jié)果的影響。具體內(nèi)容如下：(1)理論上闡述了光纖中的模式概念和模式耦合方程；多模干涉和四種典型干涉儀的干涉理論及基于這些干涉結(jié)構(gòu)的光纖傳感器的工作原理；基于光纖Michelson干涉儀的光學相干層析成像技術(OCT)的理論基礎和工作原理。(2)研究了基于多模干涉結(jié)構(gòu)的光纖傳感器。研制了一種基于單模光纖—多模光纖纖芯—單模光纖(SMCS)結(jié)構(gòu)的折射率(RI)傳感器,靈敏度為170nm/RIU;在SMCS折射率傳感器的基礎上,首次提出了一種利用這種折射率敏感結(jié)構(gòu)的溫度串擾特性來增強溫度靈敏度的方法,研制了一種高靈敏度溫度傳感器。傳感器由在SMCS外包裹一層具有較大熱光系數(shù)的液體構(gòu)成。由于熱光效應,外界溫度的變化會引起液體折射率發(fā)生改變,導致對折射率非常敏感的SMCS結(jié)構(gòu)的特征波長發(fā)生漂移,再加上其本身對溫度的響應,就可以得到一個疊加增強的溫度靈敏度。實驗結(jié)果表明,當包裹液體為去離子水時,溫度靈敏度達到了358pm/℃,比固有靈敏度提高了30倍。這種利用折射率敏感結(jié)構(gòu)的溫度串擾特性來增強其作為溫度傳感器時的靈敏度的方法,為溫度交叉敏感問題的研究提供了一種新的思路。(3)研究了基于Michelson干涉儀的光纖傳感與成像技術。研制了一種基于Michelson干涉儀和高雙折射(Hi-Bi)光纖的溫度／折射率同時測量傳感器,由3dB耦合器一臂末端熔接一小段Hi-Bi光纖探針構(gòu)成。傳感器對折射率和溫度波動的響應是互相獨立的,折射率和溫度靈敏度分別為-30.1141 dB/RIU和-1.057 nm/℃,溫度靈敏度達到了納米量級；研制了一種基于Michelson干涉儀和光子晶體光纖(PCF)的溫度/折射率同時測量傳感器,由3dB耦合器一臂末端錯位熔接一小段PCF探針構(gòu)成,折射率和溫度靈敏度分別為-102048.3 a.u/RIU和13 pm/℃。該傳感器可以通過兩個干涉臂分別傳感溫度和折射率信息,也可以進行雙參量同時測量,具有很好的使用靈活性；搭建了一套采用光纖光路的譜域OCT系統(tǒng),其在空氣中的理論縱向分辨率和最大成像深度分別為16.8μm和21.5mm,實現(xiàn)了對彩繪顏料、壁畫和翡翠樣品的成像檢測。(4)研究了基于Fabry-Perot干涉儀和聚乙烯醇(PVA)濕敏材料的光纖相對濕度(RH)傳感器。研制了一種由一小段PCF熔接至SMF尾端并鍍PVA薄膜構(gòu)成的光纖RH探針,總長度約110μm,可以實現(xiàn)對環(huán)境溫度和相對濕度的同時測量；研制了一種由一小段腐蝕了部分包層的細芯光纖(TCF)熔接至SMF尾端并鍍PVA涂層構(gòu)成的光纖RH探針,總長度約105μm,通過能量解調(diào)的方式實現(xiàn)對環(huán)境相對濕度的測量,可以避免溫度串擾。這兩種RH傳感器的總長度都只有百微米左右,可以靈活地應用于狹窄空間中。(5)研究了基于線型Mach-Zehnder干涉儀(MZI)的光纖傳感器。研制了一種基于單模光纖—色散補償光纖—單模光纖(SDS)結(jié)構(gòu)級聯(lián)對折射率不敏感的光纖布拉格光柵(FBG)的溫度/折射率同時測量傳感器。SDS特征波長的折射率和溫度靈敏度分別為232.8nm/RIU和11 pm/℃,FBG的溫度靈敏度為8pm/℃,通過FBG實現(xiàn)溫度校準；研制了一種在兩段極短的多模光纖(MMF)之間夾熔一段色散補償光纖構(gòu)成的溫度/折射率傳感器,由兩段MMF來激發(fā)和再耦合包層模式。傳感器的溫度和折射率靈敏度分別為118 pm/℃和66.32 nm/RIU;研制了一種基于MZI的溫度和拉力或者溫度和彎曲雙參量同時測量傳感器,由錯位熔接至輸入SMF端面的FBG后再熔接一小段極短的MMF和輸出SMF構(gòu)成。由于FBG的中心波長和干涉譜的特征波長對溫度和拉力或溫度和彎曲的響應靈敏度不同,只需根據(jù)關系矩陣即可求出環(huán)境的溫度和拉力或者溫度和彎曲信息；研制了一種由夾熔于兩段SMF之間的空芯光纖(HCF)內(nèi)壁鍍一層氧化鋅(ZnO)薄膜構(gòu)成的溫度傳感器,通過鍍膜很好地改善了輸出光譜,傳感器的溫度靈敏度為25.24pm/℃。
[Abstract]:Optical fiber sensor with its flexible structure, multi parameter measurement, high sensitivity and easy networking and other advantages has been widely used. This paper studied a variety of interferometric fiber optic sensor based on phase modulation, the humidity of the environment temperature, refractive index sensing parameters; and on how to restrain and eliminate common optical fiber temperature sensor the cross sensitivity problem is studied and discussed, respectively, using the temperature compensation technology to offset the impact of temperature fluctuation on the measurement results, the two parameters simultaneous measurement technology to distinguish the effects of temperature and physical quantity to be measured on the measuring results. The specific contents are as follows: (1) the theory explains the concept and mode coupling equation for optical fiber the multimode interference; and four kinds of typical interferometer interference theory and working principle of optical fiber sensor based on the structure of the interferometer; fiber interferometer based on Michelson The technology of optical coherence tomography (OCT) theory and the principle of work. (2) studied the multimode interference optical fiber sensor based on the structure. The research and development of a single mode optical fiber and multimode fiber and single-mode fiber (SMCS) based on the structure of the refractive index (RI) sensor, the sensitivity of 170nm/RIU based on SMCS; the refractive index sensor, first proposed a temperature crosstalk using the refractive index sensitive structure method to enhance the temperature sensitivity, developed a high sensitivity of the temperature sensor. Sensor is wrapped in SMCS outer layer with large thermo optic coefficient of liquid. Due to the thermo optical effect, the temperature changes will cause the liquid refractive index changes, resulting in a characteristic wavelength of SMCS structure is sensitive to the refractive index of the drift, plus its responses to temperature, you can get a strong spirit of increasing temperature superposition Sensitivity. The experimental results show that when the package liquid of deionized water, the temperature sensitivity reaches 358pm/ DEG C, than the inherent sensitivity increased by 30 times. The temperature characteristics of crosstalk sensitive to the refractive index structure to enhance the sensitivity of the method as a temperature sensor, provides a new way to study the cross sensitivity problem the temperature. (3) of the optical fiber sensing and imaging technology based on Michelson interferometer is developed. A Michelson interferometer based on high birefringence (Hi-Bi) temperature / refraction rate of the optical fiber sensor at the same time, by the 3dB coupler arm end welding a short Hi-Bi fiber probe. The response of sensor the refractive index and temperature fluctuations are independent of each other, the refractive index and temperature sensitivity were -30.1141 dB/RIU and -1.057 nm/ DEG C, the temperature sensitivity reaches nano scale was developed based on Michelson; Interferometer and photonic crystal fiber (PCF) temperature / refractive index and measuring sensor composed of 3dB coupler arm welding end dislocation of a short PCF probe, refractive index and temperature sensitivity were -102048.3 a.u/RIU and 13 pm/ C. The sensor can through two interference arms are respectively the refractive index and the temperature sensing information, can also be double parameter measurement at the same time, has a good flexibility; build a OCT system using the spectral domain optical path, the theory of vertical resolution in the air and the maximum imaging depth of 16.8 m and 21.5mm, the realization of pigments, imaging murals and jadeite jade samples (4). Study on the Fabry-Perot interferometer and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based on the humidity sensitive material fiber relative humidity (RH) sensor is developed. A short PCF fused to SMF end and PVA film coating of optical fiber RH probe, total A length of about 110 m, can realize the measurement of environmental temperature and relative humidity at the same time; developed a kind of corrosion by a small piece of thin core fiber part cladding (TCF) fused to the optical fiber RH probe SMF end and plating PVA coating composition, a total length of about 105 m, achieved through the measurement of relative humidity the environmental energy demodulation method, can avoid the temperature change. The total length of the two RH sensors are only 100 microns, can be flexibly applied in narrow space. (5) of interferometer based on linear Mach-Zehnder (MZI) optical fiber sensor is developed. A single mode optical fiber and dispersion compensation fiber - based on single-mode fiber (SDS) is not sensitive to the structure of cascaded fiber Prague grating on the rate of refraction (FBG) temperature / refractive index and temperature sensitivity and measuring sensor.SDS characteristic wavelengths were 232.8nm/RIU and 11 pm/ C FBG temperature sensitive The degree of 8pm/ C, through FBG to achieve temperature calibration; developed a multimode fiber in two short (MMF) between a dispersion compensating fiber consisting of fused temperature / refractive index sensor consists of two segments of MMF to stimulate and re coupling of cladding modes. The temperature and refractive index sensor sensitivity rate was 118 pm/ C and 66.32 nm/RIU respectively; at the same time, developed a measurement sensor MZI temperature and the temperature and bending tension or double parameters based on by offset splicing to the input end of the SMF FBG after welding a short short MMF and output SMF. Because the FBG central wavelength and the wavelength of the interference spectrum characteristics of temperature and the tension or bending and temperature sensitivity of different, only matrix can be obtained according to the relationship between environment temperature and temperature and tension or bending; developed a clip by melt in between two sections of SMF hollow fiber (HCF) with a layer of inner wall coating The temperature sensor made up of the Zinc Oxide (ZnO) film improves the output spectrum well through the coating, and the temperature sensitivity of the sensor is 25.24pm/ C.

【學位授予單位】：西北大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TP212

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本文編號：1366401