發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-01 21:52

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：軟件定義網(wǎng)絡(luò)中多媒體傳輸路由及緩存算法研究　出處：《中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 多媒體傳輸 軟件定義網(wǎng)絡(luò) 多路徑路由 整數(shù)線性規(guī)劃 緩存替換 內(nèi)容分發(fā)

【摘要】：隨著多媒體技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)以及人機(jī)交互技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,多媒體內(nèi)容開始逐漸深人到人們的日常交流、工作以及娛樂(lè)等各個(gè)方面,而由其所帶動(dòng)的多媒體應(yīng)用也開始改變?nèi)藗兪褂靡蛱鼐W(wǎng)的方式,將人們對(duì)高質(zhì)量多媒體內(nèi)容的需求帶入了前所未見的高度�，F(xiàn)如今,人們利用社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)分享的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)不僅僅局限于文字和圖片,音頻和視頻內(nèi)容也變得非常常見。而近年來(lái)逐漸流行的高分辨率設(shè)備以及虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)等新興技術(shù),在豐富了用戶感官體驗(yàn)的同時(shí),也顯著推動(dòng)了人們對(duì)高質(zhì)量視頻內(nèi)容的需求。作為這一發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果,經(jīng)由網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸?shù)亩嗝襟w內(nèi)容,無(wú)論是在數(shù)量、大小還是類型上均有顯著增長(zhǎng)。飛速增長(zhǎng)的多媒體流量給網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸帶來(lái)了包括服務(wù)質(zhì)量保證、傳輸效率以及服務(wù)異構(gòu)用戶等在內(nèi)的多項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn),不同領(lǐng)域的研究人員也分別從編碼、網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)以及傳輸方案等角度提出了相應(yīng)的改進(jìn)措施。其中,對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)進(jìn)行改進(jìn)有著特殊的意義。一方面,現(xiàn)在的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)架構(gòu)是在上世紀(jì)末基于點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)通信模型而設(shè)計(jì)的,在面對(duì)如今大量應(yīng)用所需求的一對(duì)多服務(wù)模型時(shí),不能提供很好的支持。另一方面,優(yōu)化底層網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu),可以從根本上解決傳統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)在承載視頻業(yè)務(wù)時(shí)遇到的瓶頸,為新型編碼方案(如分層編碼等)以及新型傳輸方案(如自適應(yīng)串流等)提供了實(shí)際應(yīng)用的基礎(chǔ)。例如近年來(lái)流行的軟件定義網(wǎng)絡(luò)(software-defined networking, SDN)和命名數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)(named data networking, NDN),分別從靈活路由管控和一對(duì)多分發(fā)這兩方面出發(fā),針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)在傳輸多媒體內(nèi)容時(shí)的固有缺陷,提出了有效并且根本的解決方案,為提高多媒體內(nèi)容的網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸性能創(chuàng)造了極大潛力。本文主要以目前學(xué)術(shù)界熱門的軟件定義網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)為基礎(chǔ),考慮多媒體內(nèi)容傳輸?shù)男阅芎托蕛?yōu)化。我們將考慮經(jīng)典軟件定義網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)下的路由問(wèn)題,以及帶有緩存節(jié)點(diǎn)的軟件定義網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)下的路由和緩存問(wèn)題。具體來(lái)說(shuō),我們首先考慮傳統(tǒng)無(wú)緩存功能的軟件定義網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu),在傳輸多媒體內(nèi)容時(shí),利用多路徑路由算法滿足多媒體內(nèi)容對(duì)帶寬、延時(shí)、路徑差分延時(shí)等指標(biāo)的要求,并配合多媒體業(yè)務(wù)的分層特性來(lái)提高接收用戶的體驗(yàn)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,我們繼續(xù)考慮支持網(wǎng)絡(luò)中緩存的軟件定義網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu),希望通過(guò)在部分網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)引入緩存功能來(lái)提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)的傳輸效率。在支持網(wǎng)絡(luò)中緩存的軟件定義網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)下,我們通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)新的路由算法,在計(jì)算路徑時(shí)考慮利用緩存節(jié)點(diǎn)來(lái)提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)的傳輸效率。最后,在優(yōu)化路由的基礎(chǔ)上,我們展開對(duì)緩存節(jié)點(diǎn)的優(yōu)化,利用在線機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)熱度感知緩存替換算法,顯著提高緩存節(jié)點(diǎn)的緩存命中率,從而協(xié)助路由算法進(jìn)一步節(jié)省帶寬占用。論文的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新點(diǎn)以及貢獻(xiàn)如下：1)本文提出了一種針對(duì)分層多媒體業(yè)務(wù)的多路徑傳輸方法,通過(guò)在分配路徑時(shí)考慮多媒體內(nèi)容的層間優(yōu)先級(jí).為高優(yōu)先級(jí)數(shù)據(jù)分配質(zhì)量更好的鏈路,從而針對(duì)性地提高分層多媒體業(yè)務(wù)的服務(wù)質(zhì)量,為分層編碼技術(shù)提供了應(yīng)用土壤。我們所提出的路由算法可以同時(shí)考慮用戶請(qǐng)求多媒體內(nèi)容時(shí)對(duì)帶寬、延時(shí)、路徑間差分延時(shí)以及層間優(yōu)先級(jí)的要求,利用軟件定義網(wǎng)絡(luò)的靈活路由特性,為用戶請(qǐng)求動(dòng)態(tài)計(jì)算并分配相應(yīng)的路徑,從而提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸性能。2)本文提出了一種支持網(wǎng)絡(luò)中緩存的路由方法,為了充分利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)中具有緩存功能的中間節(jié)點(diǎn),我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了一套基于整數(shù)線性規(guī)劃(integer linear programming, ILP)的路由算法,利用軟件定義網(wǎng)絡(luò)的全局路由特性,將流量合理分配、匯聚至緩存節(jié)點(diǎn),以充分發(fā)揮緩存節(jié)點(diǎn)對(duì)帶寬的節(jié)省作用,從而提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸效率。3)本文提出了一種針對(duì)多媒體內(nèi)容的網(wǎng)絡(luò)緩存技術(shù),我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了一套基于在線機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)的新型緩存替換算法。算法通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)多媒體內(nèi)容在何種情況下熱度如何變化,從而對(duì)內(nèi)容的未來(lái)熱度作出精確預(yù)測(cè)。相比于直接學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容的熱度,我們的方案有著更快的學(xué)習(xí)速度。由于采用無(wú)模型估計(jì),我們的方案也打破了傳統(tǒng)算法對(duì)內(nèi)容熱度分布函數(shù)的依賴,并且能快速追蹤內(nèi)容熱度隨時(shí)間的變化。我們從理論上證明了算法學(xué)習(xí)性能收斂至最優(yōu),也證明了緩存命中率次線性收斂至最優(yōu)。在使用了真實(shí)系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)的仿真評(píng)估中,我們所提出的算法不僅在緩存命中率上優(yōu)于對(duì)比算法,并且也大幅降低了緩存替換次數(shù),有效緩解了傳統(tǒng)緩存替換算法對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)緩存系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生過(guò)大I/O壓力這一問(wèn)題。我們所提出的算法有著對(duì)數(shù)時(shí)間復(fù)雜度,實(shí)際運(yùn)行速度快于LFU等工業(yè)界常見算法。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of computer multimedia technology, network technology and human-computer interaction technology, multimedia content gradually deep into people's daily communication, each work and entertainment, and by the multimedia application to begin to change how people use the Internet, the demand of high quality multimedia content into the unprecedented height. Nowadays, people use social networks to share content is not limited to text and pictures, audio and video content has become very common. High resolution devices gradually popular in recent years, virtual reality and other emerging technologies, in the rich user sensory experience at the same time, also significantly promoted the demand for high quality video content. As the inevitable result of the development of the multimedia content through the network transmission, whether in quantity, size or class Type had significant growth. The rapid growth of multimedia traffic brought include quality of service to network transmission, transmission efficiency and service of heterogeneous users including a number of challenges, researchers in different fields were also from the encoding, network architecture and transmission scheme and corresponding improvement measures were put forward. The structure of the network is a special significance improvement. On the one hand, the current Internet architecture is at the end of last century and based on the design of point-to-point communication model, in the face of today's application needs a lot of service model, can not provide good support. On the other hand, the optimization of the underlying network architecture, can fundamentally solve the the traditional network bottlenecks encountered in carrying video services, as a new encoding scheme (such as hierarchical encoding etc.) and a new transmission scheme (such as adaptive streaming etc.) provides a practical application For example, popular in recent years. Based on Software Defined Network (software-defined, networking, SDN) and data network (named data named networking, NDN, respectively) from the flexible routing control and the distribution of the two aspects, aiming at the inherent defects in the traditional network transmission of multimedia content, put forward effective solution and fundamental. Create a great potential for improving the performance of network transmission of multimedia content. This paper mainly to the current academic circles popular software defined network architecture, performance and efficiency of the optimization of multimedia content transmission. We will consider the routing problem of classical software defined network architecture, and software defined network architecture with the routing and cache node cache problem. Specifically, we first consider the software defined network architecture without traditional cache function, in the transmission of multimedia content, and Multi path routing algorithm to meet the multimedia content of the bandwidth, delay, delay path difference index requirements, and with hierarchical characteristics of multimedia services to improve the user experience. On this basis, we continue to consider the software defined network support network cache, in the hope that through part of the network nodes is introduced to improve the cache function the transmission efficiency of the network. In the software defined network support network cache, we design a new routing algorithm, in consideration when calculating the path to improve the efficiency of the transmission network using the cache node. Finally, on the basis of route optimization, we carried out optimization of cache nodes, using online machine learning technology design. Aware cache replacement algorithm, significantly improved cache node cache hit rate, so as to assist the routing algorithm further save bandwidth on the main. Innovations and contributions are as follows: 1) this paper proposes a multi path transmission method for layered multimedia services, by considering the multimedia content in the distribution path between the layers of priority. To link the high priority data distribution quality better, so as to improve the hierarchical quality of multimedia services, and provides the application of layered soil encoding technology. Our proposed routing algorithm can simultaneously consider the user request multimedia content on bandwidth, delay, delay and divided layer priority difference between path, using flexible routing characteristics of software defined network, users request dynamic calculation and distribution of the corresponding path, so as to improve the transmission performance of the network.2) is proposed in this paper. A routing method for caching support network, in order to make full use of the intermediate node has a buffer function in the network, we design a set based on the whole The number of linear programming (integer linear programming ILP) routing algorithm, using the global routing characteristics of software defined network, the flow converges to the rational allocation of cache nodes, in order to give full play to the role of the cache node to save bandwidth, improve network transmission efficiency of.3) this paper proposes a web caching technology for multimedia content. We designed a set of online machine learning based on the new cache replacement algorithm. The algorithm through how to change heat of the circumstances in which the multimedia content on the content of learning, to make accurate prediction of future heat. Compared to the direct learning content of the heat, our scheme has faster learning speed. By adopting the model estimation, we the scheme has also broken the traditional algorithm depends on the content of heat distribution function, and can quickly track the heat content changes over time. We have theoretically. It is proved that the algorithm converges to the optimal learning performance, also proved that the cache hit rate of linear converge to the optimal. In the use of real data in the simulation and evaluation system, our proposed algorithm not only in the cache hit rate is better than the comparison algorithm, and also significantly reduce the number of cache replacement, effectively alleviate the traditional cache replacement algorithm excessive pressure on the I/O network caching system. The proposed algorithm has a logarithmic time complexity, the actual operating speed faster than the LFU industry common algorithm.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TN919.8

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