【摘要】：近年來(lái),物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)作為最新一代的IT技術(shù)在飛速的發(fā)展。顧名思義,物聯(lián)網(wǎng)即物物相連的網(wǎng)絡(luò),通過(guò)技術(shù)手段來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)物與物之間、人與人之間、人與物之間的協(xié)同通信關(guān)系,應(yīng)用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、無(wú)線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)、移動(dòng)通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)等技術(shù)手段形成整個(gè)復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng),它的各項(xiàng)技術(shù)廣泛地應(yīng)用在智能家居、環(huán)境檢測(cè)保護(hù)、智能化交通、大信息采集、以及軍事等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域,經(jīng)過(guò)這幾年的發(fā)展,物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)日趨成熟可靠,它已經(jīng)成為社會(huì)正常運(yùn)行工作的一項(xiàng)必不可少的技術(shù)。物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)正處于快速發(fā)展的階段,但很多技術(shù)是不健全的,相比于傳統(tǒng)計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)會(huì)有較大的漏洞,因此在發(fā)展物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的同時(shí),保護(hù)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全也是每個(gè)研究者不可避免遇到的問(wèn)題。由于無(wú)線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣泛應(yīng)用到了物聯(lián)網(wǎng)節(jié)點(diǎn)的感知層,而無(wú)線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)在傳輸數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)具有很大的波動(dòng)性,它的傳輸效果會(huì)受到實(shí)際環(huán)境的干擾,導(dǎo)致網(wǎng)絡(luò)不穩(wěn)定產(chǎn)生數(shù)據(jù)丟包,因此在無(wú)線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)節(jié)點(diǎn),面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)就是數(shù)據(jù)完整性保護(hù)。找到一種適合物聯(lián)網(wǎng)環(huán)境節(jié)點(diǎn)處理能力有限、內(nèi)存空間有限、能耗容忍度低、系統(tǒng)復(fù)雜多變等特點(diǎn)的保護(hù)策略,是研究物聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全必須要面對(duì)的問(wèn)題。本文針對(duì)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全受到的這項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn),深入分析了物聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全的研究現(xiàn)況以及相應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)完整性保護(hù)策略,從眾多的數(shù)據(jù)容錯(cuò)方法中,選擇了糾刪碼技術(shù)作為解決物聯(lián)網(wǎng)環(huán)境下數(shù)據(jù)完整性保護(hù)的策略,糾刪碼技術(shù)已經(jīng)在很多領(lǐng)域廣泛應(yīng)用,技術(shù)較為成熟可靠,糾刪碼技術(shù)歸屬于向前糾錯(cuò)碼的一種,它可以將整條數(shù)據(jù)分片編碼,并且可以通過(guò)解碼操作,在一定容忍程度內(nèi),回復(fù)所丟失的數(shù)據(jù),給數(shù)據(jù)的完整性、可靠性提供了強(qiáng)大保障,它能夠提供完整性檢測(cè)和糾錯(cuò)的功能。本文采用糾刪碼中最典型的Reed-Solomon碼作為搭載物聯(lián)網(wǎng)節(jié)點(diǎn)中的數(shù)據(jù)完整性保護(hù)算法,并且通過(guò)C程序進(jìn)行實(shí)現(xiàn),物聯(lián)網(wǎng)節(jié)點(diǎn)選擇最新型的微型計(jì)算機(jī)Raspberry Pi,中文譯名“樹(shù)莓派”,它是一臺(tái)搭載著微型處理器的基于ARM的微型電腦主板,用它來(lái)模擬物聯(lián)網(wǎng)環(huán)境下的一臺(tái)視頻監(jiān)控裝置。當(dāng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境較差時(shí),容易發(fā)生數(shù)據(jù)包丟失時(shí),可以啟用糾刪碼保護(hù)的策略,樹(shù)莓派節(jié)點(diǎn)在向主機(jī)發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)前,先進(jìn)行糾刪碼編碼操作,發(fā)送到主機(jī)后,在進(jìn)行糾刪碼解碼操作,即可通過(guò)冗余塊恢復(fù)丟失的數(shù)據(jù)塊,從而還原原照片數(shù)據(jù)。經(jīng)過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)測(cè)試,在模擬網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境較差的實(shí)驗(yàn)中,糾刪碼技術(shù)可以通過(guò)編碼解碼操作來(lái)修復(fù)丟失數(shù)據(jù),并且實(shí)驗(yàn)的各項(xiàng)性能指標(biāo)均符合物聯(lián)網(wǎng)環(huán)境下的特點(diǎn)。因此本文提出的方法,為物聯(lián)網(wǎng)環(huán)境下的數(shù)據(jù)完整性保護(hù)提出了新的角度,具有很強(qiáng)的可行性和時(shí)效性,能夠應(yīng)用到社會(huì)實(shí)際工作中來(lái)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the Internet of things as the latest generation of IT technology in the rapid development. As the name implies, the Internet of things is the network where things are connected. By means of technology, the cooperative communication relationship between objects, people, people and objects is realized, and the Internet is used, and wireless sensor networks are used. The mobile communication network and other technical means form the whole complex system. Its various technologies are widely used in the fields of intelligent home, environmental detection and protection, intelligent traffic, large information collection, military and so on. After several years of development, Internet of things technology is becoming more and more mature and reliable, it has become an essential technology in the normal operation of society. The Internet of things technology is in the stage of rapid development, but many technologies are not perfect, compared with the traditional computer technology, there will be a larger loophole, so while developing the Internet of things technology at the same time, Protecting the Internet of things is an inevitable problem for every researcher. Wireless sensor network (WSN) is widely used in the sensing layer of Internet of things (IoT) nodes, but the wireless sensor network (WSN) has great volatility in transmitting data, its transmission effect will be interfered by the actual environment, resulting in the instability of the network resulting in data packet loss. Therefore, in wireless sensor networks, the biggest challenge to the Internet of things nodes is data integrity protection. It is necessary to study the security of the Internet of things by finding a protection strategy suitable for the limited processing capacity of nodes in the Internet of things limited memory space low tolerance of energy consumption and complexity of the system. In view of this challenge to Internet of things security, this paper deeply analyzes the research status of Internet of things security and the corresponding data integrity protection strategy, from many data fault-tolerant methods, Erasure code technology is chosen as a strategy to protect data integrity in Internet of things environment. Erasure code technology has been widely used in many fields, the technology is more mature and reliable, erasure code technology belongs to forward error correction code. It can encode the whole piece of data, and can recover the lost data in a certain degree of tolerance by decoding operation, which provides a strong guarantee for the integrity and reliability of the data. It can provide integrity detection and error correction functions. In this paper, the most typical Reed-Solomon code in erasure code is used as the data integrity protection algorithm in the Internet of things node, and it is realized by C program. The Internet of things node chooses the newest microcomputer Raspberry Pi, to translate the name "raspberry pie" into Chinese. It is a microprocessor-based ARM motherboard that simulates a video surveillance device in the Internet of things environment. When the network environment is poor, packet loss is easy to occur, the erasure code protection strategy can be enabled. The raspberry node encodes erasure code before sending data to the host, and after sending to the host, it decodes the erasure code. The lost data block can be restored by redundant block, so as to restore the original photo data. After rigorous test, erasure code technology can repair the lost data by encoding and decoding operation in the experiment of poor simulation network environment, and all the performance indexes of the experiment are in line with the characteristics of the Internet of things environment. Therefore, the method proposed in this paper provides a new angle for the protection of data integrity in the Internet of things environment, and has strong feasibility and timeliness, and can be applied to the practical work of society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TP391.44;TN929.5

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