本文選題：FDM + 3D打印機(jī)　； 參考：《長(zhǎng)春工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：基于FDM技術(shù)的3D打印逐漸發(fā)展成為一種新型的主流加工技術(shù)。有別于傳統(tǒng)制造技術(shù),基于FDM技術(shù)的3D打印機(jī)能夠降低復(fù)雜零件的制造難度,操作方便,成本低,打印材料來源廣泛。但是,它也面臨著諸多困難和挑戰(zhàn)。尤其在成型精度、打印速度和新材料的研發(fā)等方面仍有待研究。因此,3D打印技術(shù)的發(fā)展和推廣仍然具有廣闊的空間。針對(duì)現(xiàn)有基于FDM技術(shù)的3D打印機(jī)存在的打印效率低、成型精度差等不足,分析3D打印機(jī)工作原理,結(jié)合目前的3D打印機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu),設(shè)計(jì)一款三噴頭的3D打印機(jī),并對(duì)其機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)和改善。根據(jù)各部分分工不同,將3D打印機(jī)劃分為擠出機(jī)構(gòu),送絲機(jī)構(gòu),傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu),散熱結(jié)構(gòu),伺服系統(tǒng),溫控系統(tǒng)等進(jìn)行研究分析。設(shè)計(jì)送絲機(jī)構(gòu)的布局方案,根據(jù)不同的噴嘴直徑采用近端送絲與遠(yuǎn)端送絲相結(jié)合的送絲方式,減輕擠出機(jī)構(gòu)的重量,提高打印速度。改善環(huán)形散熱片的結(jié)構(gòu),選取散熱片數(shù)量,長(zhǎng)度,高度等參數(shù)的最佳組合,增大散熱量,解決噴頭打印中出現(xiàn)的堵塞問題。對(duì)3D打印機(jī)承載零部件的強(qiáng)度與剛度性能進(jìn)行分析,檢測(cè)機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)的可行性。模擬噴嘴內(nèi)流體的實(shí)際運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài),驗(yàn)證三噴嘴擠出機(jī)構(gòu)和噴嘴結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的可行性。對(duì)3D打印機(jī)溫度控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行研究,確保工作過程的穩(wěn)定性。繪制傳統(tǒng)PID控制和模糊PID控制的響應(yīng)曲線,并對(duì)兩者進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析,選取更合適的控制算法,使溫度控制更精確。通過對(duì)基于FDM技術(shù)3D打印機(jī)進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及控制系統(tǒng)研究,在提高打印精度和打印速度的同時(shí),改善絲材堵塞,流涎以及送絲驅(qū)動(dòng)力不足等問題。通過多次打印試件對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)的3D打印機(jī)進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試,本設(shè)計(jì)中的基于FDM技術(shù)的3D打印機(jī)達(dá)到了設(shè)計(jì)要求,為后期開發(fā)更高精度,更高效率的3D打印機(jī)提供參考。
[Abstract]:3D printing based on FDM technology has gradually developed into a new mainstream processing technology. Different from the traditional manufacturing technology, 3D printer based on FDM technology can reduce the manufacturing difficulty of complex parts, easy to operate, low cost and wide source of printing materials. However, it also faces many difficulties and challenges. Especially in forming accuracy, printing speed and research and development of new materials and so on. Therefore, the development and promotion of 3D printing technology still has a broad space. In view of the shortcomings of the existing 3D printer based on FDM technology, such as low printing efficiency and poor forming precision, the working principle of 3D printer is analyzed, and a three-nozzle 3D printer is designed combining with the structure of 3D printer at present. And the mechanical structure of the design and improvement. According to different division of labor, 3D printer is divided into extrusion mechanism, wire feeding mechanism, transmission mechanism, heat dissipation structure, servo system, temperature control system and so on. The layout scheme of wire feeding mechanism is designed. According to different nozzle diameters, the wire feeding mode combining near end feeding with remote wire feeding is adopted to reduce the weight of extrusion mechanism and improve the printing speed. The structure of the annular radiator is improved and the optimum combination of the number length and height of the radiator is selected to increase the heat dissipation and to solve the problem of blockage in the printing of the nozzle. The strength and stiffness performance of 3D printer bearing parts are analyzed and the feasibility of mechanical structure is tested. The actual motion state of the fluid in the nozzle was simulated to verify the feasibility of the extrusion mechanism and nozzle structure design of the three nozzles. The temperature control system of 3D printer is studied to ensure the stability of the working process. The response curves of traditional PID control and fuzzy PID control are drawn and compared with each other. The more appropriate control algorithm is selected to make the temperature control more accurate. Through the research on the structure design and control system of 3D printer based on FDM technology, the problems of improving printing accuracy and printing speed, such as silk clogging, salivation and insufficient driving force of wire feeding, are improved at the same time. The 3D printer based on FDM technology has been tested by several printing samples, which provides a reference for the later development of 3D printer with higher precision and higher efficiency.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)春工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP334.8

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