本文選題：本體推理 + 數(shù)據(jù)庫設計��； 參考：《吉林大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：數(shù)據(jù)庫自誕生以來一直影響著人們的日常生活,方便了數(shù)據(jù)的存儲和共享。在當前數(shù)據(jù)膨脹的時代,如何有效地管理各種各樣的信息資源,是信息系統(tǒng)的核心工作,也是我們不斷研究的重要方向。在現(xiàn)實應用中,經(jīng)常會由于各種實際問題給數(shù)據(jù)庫設計帶來了很多困難。例如:數(shù)據(jù)庫設計者的領域知識缺乏,用戶的需求表達不明確,用戶和數(shù)據(jù)庫設計者在溝通表達上存在理解的差異等。實體關系模型(ER模型)作為概念模型的一種工具能夠將現(xiàn)實生活中的信息抽象為圖形化的表示形式,進而直觀的表達概念和概念之間的關系。ER模型可以有效地解決數(shù)據(jù)庫設計過程中存在的問題,因此設計一個完善的實體關系模型是數(shù)據(jù)庫設計的核心工作。隨著網(wǎng)絡技術的不斷發(fā)展,領域專家將領域知識上傳到網(wǎng)絡上供大家使用,人們借助于網(wǎng)絡的開放性和共享性實現(xiàn)了信息的互聯(lián)。領域本體不僅能夠形式化的表示領域知識,而且能夠進行推理,人們可以通過本體推理技術和規(guī)則從領域本體中獲取希望得到的信息。本文利用網(wǎng)絡上豐富的本體資源和領域知識作為數(shù)據(jù)來源,提出了一種新的構建數(shù)據(jù)庫的方法。結合用戶需求,通過自定義的算法和規(guī)則,使用本體推理技術獲取符合用戶需求的實體關系模型。本文將詳細地介紹如何使用本體推理技術從本體知識中獲取ER模型,并通過一個通用的大學本體對本文提出的方法進行了驗證。此外,為了驗證本文提出的方法具有普遍適用性,隨機選取了多個領域的不同本體進行實驗,進一步驗證了我們提出的方法是可行有效的。本文使用本體推理技術,不僅能夠獲取顯性的領域知識而且能夠蘊含隱含的知識,為ER模型的構建提供了豐富的數(shù)據(jù)來源。借助于本文提出的方法,一方面很好的彌補了設計者對于領域知識缺乏的不足;另一方面始終以用戶需求為出發(fā)點,能夠保證最終構建的ER模型符合用戶的實際需求,減少了設計者和用戶反復溝通確認的繁瑣流程。本文研究的主要內(nèi)容有以下幾方面:(1)根據(jù)用戶給出的需求術語,利用本體查詢工具找到網(wǎng)絡上相應的本體資源作為元數(shù)據(jù)(metabase),調用推理機獲取本體中的概念層次關系,然后對元數(shù)據(jù)進行預處理。(2)根據(jù)預處理得到的概念集合,通過推薦實體集的操作模塊獲取最終用于構建ER模型的實體集。主要包括三個處理過程:首先對預處理得到的概念集合進行擴展,使用本文提出的算法結合本體推理技術,獲取初始實體集(initial Entities簡寫為init Entities),然后根據(jù)自定義的刪除規(guī)則對初始實體集中的部分概念進行刪除,得到候選實體集(candidate Entities,簡寫為candi Entities),最后通過自定義的修改規(guī)則對候選實體集中孤立的概念進行修改,得到最終用于構建ER模型的實體集(Entities)。(3)使用實體集(Entities)和本體推理技術獲取實體集之間的關系集。為了使最終的ER模型簡潔明了,根據(jù)自定義的修改規(guī)則對存在包含關系的關系集進行修改,獲取最終用于構建ER模型的關系集。(4)使用本體推理技術,獲取關系類型和屬性,并對子概念(sub Class)繼承父概念(super Class)屬性的情況加以介紹。通過獲取關系類型和屬性,對只有實體集和關系集的簡易ER模型進行了豐富,在保證滿足用戶需求的基礎上,使得ER模型表達的語義更加豐富。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of the database has been affecting people's daily life, it is convenient for the storage and sharing of data. In the current time of data expansion, how to manage all kinds of information resources effectively is the core work of the information system, and it is also an important direction for our continuous research. In practical applications, it is often due to various practical problems. There are many difficulties in database design, such as lack of domain knowledge of database designers, uncertainty of user requirements expression, and differences in understanding between users and database designers in communication expression. The entity relationship model (ER model) can abstract the information of real life into graphics as a tool for conceptual model. The expression form, and then intuitively express the relationship between concepts and concepts,.ER model can effectively solve the problems existing in the process of database design, so designing a perfect entity relationship model is the core work of database design. With the continuous development of network technology, domain experts upload domain knowledge to the network. For everyone to use, people have realized the interconnection of information with the help of the openness and sharing of the network. Domain ontology can not only form a formal representation of domain knowledge, but also can carry out reasoning. People can obtain the desired information from the domain ontology through the ontology reasoning technology and rules. This paper uses the rich ontology resources on the network. And domain knowledge as a data source, a new method of building a database is proposed. Based on user requirements and custom algorithms and rules, ontology reasoning is used to obtain the entity relationship model which meets the requirements of users. This paper will introduce how to use ontology technology to obtain ER model from ontology knowledge. A general university ontology has verified the method proposed in this paper. In addition, in order to verify the universal applicability of the method proposed in this paper, we randomly select the different ontology of various fields to carry out experiments, and further verify that the method proposed is feasible and effective. This paper can not only obtain dominance using ontology reasoning technology. The domain knowledge and the implicit knowledge can provide a rich source of data for the construction of the ER model. With the help of the method proposed in this paper, it is good to make up for the shortage of the designer for the lack of domain knowledge. On the other hand, we always take the user needs as the starting point, and can guarantee the final construction of the ER model to conform to the user. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) according to the requirement terms given by the user, the ontology resources on the network are found by the ontology query tool as metadata (metabase), and the reasoning machine is called to obtain the concept hierarchy in the ontology. Then the metadata is preprocessed. (2) according to the concept set obtained by preprocessing, the entity set which is finally used to build the ER model is obtained by the operation module of the recommended entity set. It mainly includes three processing processes: first, it extends the concept set obtained by preprocessing, and uses the algorithm proposed in this paper to combine the ontology reasoning technology to obtain the initial stage. The entity set (initial Entities is init Entities), and then deletes part concepts of the initial entity set according to the custom deletion rules, and gets the candidate entity set (candidate Entities, the short term as candi Entities). Finally, the concept of the candidate entity is isolated by the custom modification rules, and finally the concept of the candidate entity is modified. The entity set (Entities) is used to build the ER model. (3) using the entity set (Entities) and ontology reasoning technology to obtain the relationship set between the entity sets. In order to make the final ER model concise and clear, according to the custom modification rules, the relation set of the existence relation is modified, and the relationship set which is finally used to build the ER model is obtained. (4) the use of this model is used. The body reasoning technology obtains relation type and attribute, and introduces the case of inheriting parent concept (super Class) attribute of sub Class. By obtaining relation type and attribute, it enriches the simple ER model with only entity set and relation set, and makes the semantics of ER model more expressed on the basis of guaranteeing the requirement of the user. Rich.

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP311.13

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本文編號：1895026