本文選題：四維動(dòng)態(tài)模型 + 圖像分割　； 參考：《南昌航空大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著醫(yī)學(xué)成像電子儀器和計(jì)算機(jī)圖像處理技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,醫(yī)學(xué)影像的診斷及分析技術(shù)也相應(yīng)得到快速提升。運(yùn)用計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)影像進(jìn)行數(shù)字化的處理、提取關(guān)鍵信息參數(shù)或構(gòu)建專業(yè)化的分析系統(tǒng)等計(jì)算機(jī)輔助診斷技術(shù)在當(dāng)下醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域顯得尤為重要。本研究旨在開(kāi)發(fā)一種計(jì)算機(jī)軟件仿真系統(tǒng)用來(lái)進(jìn)行醫(yī)學(xué)影像建模,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)心臟內(nèi)部各個(gè)獨(dú)立腔室的四維重建,從而構(gòu)建有關(guān)局部心肌動(dòng)量的四維動(dòng)態(tài)顯示模型組,達(dá)到心臟腔室生理分析及病變?cè)u(píng)估的功能。心臟疾病是人類非意外死亡的主要死因,但又因心臟生理結(jié)構(gòu)及功能的特殊性而無(wú)法做太過(guò)深入的侵入式診斷或研究。心臟的醫(yī)學(xué)成像及三維模型仿真雖然為診斷或研究提供了便利,但二維的心臟醫(yī)學(xué)影像及三維化的心臟重建模型并不能多方位、實(shí)時(shí)的展示心臟各部位狀態(tài)與其生理參數(shù)變化。基于心臟器官具有形態(tài)上實(shí)時(shí)變化的生理特殊性,四維化的仿真模型在分析及評(píng)估心臟功能方面有著絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì):相比于傳統(tǒng)三維模型,四維化可以通過(guò)動(dòng)態(tài)模型展示心臟的形態(tài)變化,模擬心臟的跳動(dòng);在心臟參數(shù)的分析上,可以生成整個(gè)心跳周期下不同時(shí)段的生理數(shù)據(jù)資訊,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)心臟生理變化的綜合評(píng)估。鑒于傳統(tǒng)心臟成像與模型仿真技術(shù)的不足,本文研究設(shè)計(jì)了一種心臟腔室的四維建模與分析系統(tǒng),可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)病人心臟生理狀況全面且精確的運(yùn)動(dòng)模擬及功能評(píng)估。在建模系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)部算法處理上,按照影像重組、圖像分割、三維重建和四維化的四個(gè)主要流程進(jìn)行整體設(shè)計(jì)。以切面構(gòu)造法實(shí)現(xiàn)影像重組的中軸矯正辦法,成功獲取了目標(biāo)心室的短軸切面圖像;改進(jìn)了基于區(qū)域增長(zhǎng)的圖像分割法,結(jié)合自動(dòng)分割與人機(jī)交互的方式進(jìn)行心肌邊緣資訊獲取,增加了圖像分割的準(zhǔn)確性和抗噪性;開(kāi)發(fā)了以數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)建立向量關(guān)聯(lián)進(jìn)行三維重建的方法,同時(shí)通過(guò)過(guò)渡模型及顏色梯度處理等方法得到具有心肌局部動(dòng)量評(píng)估功能的四維模型。在系統(tǒng)的外部界面設(shè)計(jì)上,分階段的提供了有關(guān)圖像重組與分割的手動(dòng)修正界面、三維重建及參數(shù)提取界面以及多組四維動(dòng)態(tài)模型同平臺(tái)顯示界面等,實(shí)時(shí)反饋建模各階段效果和參數(shù),并在最終分析平臺(tái)中實(shí)現(xiàn)了多種特殊功能四維模型之間的聯(lián)合顯示與對(duì)比。該系統(tǒng)成功構(gòu)建了電燒術(shù)后病人的左心室四維重建模型,并通過(guò)心肌動(dòng)量模型與參數(shù)分析評(píng)估了其生理狀況,表明了本系統(tǒng)所設(shè)計(jì)無(wú)創(chuàng)且便捷的心臟腔室四維建模及評(píng)估方案有效可行。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of medical imaging electronic instruments and computer image processing technology, medical image diagnosis and analysis technology has been rapidly improved. It is very important to use computer to digitize medical image, extract key information parameters or build professional analysis system. The purpose of this study is to develop a computer software simulation system for medical image modeling, which can realize the four-dimensional reconstruction of each independent chamber in the heart and construct a four-dimensional dynamic display model group of local myocardial momentum. To achieve the heart chamber physiological analysis and disease evaluation function. Heart disease is the main cause of human non-accidental death, but it can not be too deep invasive diagnosis or research because of the particularity of cardiac physiological structure and function. Although the medical imaging and three-dimensional model simulation of the heart provide convenience for the diagnosis or research, the two-dimensional cardiac medical image and the three-dimensional heart reconstruction model can not show the state of each part of the heart and the changes of its physiological parameters in real time. Based on the physiological characteristics of real-time morphologic changes in cardiac organs, the four-dimensional simulation model has an absolute advantage in analyzing and evaluating cardiac function: compared with the traditional three-dimensional model, In the analysis of heart parameters, the physiological data of different periods in the whole heart cycle can be generated, and the comprehensive evaluation of the physiological changes of the heart can be realized by using the dynamic model to show the changes of the heart morphology and to simulate the beating of the heart. In view of the deficiency of traditional cardiac imaging and model simulation techniques, a four-dimensional modeling and analysis system of cardiac chamber is designed in this paper, which can realize the comprehensive and accurate motion simulation and functional evaluation of the patient's heart physiological condition. According to the four main processes of image recombination, image segmentation, 3D reconstruction and four-dimensional design, the internal algorithm of the modeling system is designed as a whole. In this paper, we successfully obtain the short axis section image of the target ventricle, and improve the image segmentation method based on the region growth by using the method of section construction to realize the central axis correction of the image recombination, and to obtain the short axis section image of the target ventricle successfully. Combining automatic segmentation and human-computer interaction to obtain myocardial edge information, the accuracy and anti-noise of image segmentation are increased, and the method of constructing vector association based on data points for 3D reconstruction is developed. At the same time, a four-dimensional model with the function of evaluating the local momentum of myocardium was obtained by the methods of transition model and color gradient processing. In the external interface design of the system, the manual correction interface about image recombination and segmentation, the 3D reconstruction and parameter extraction interface, and the display interface of multi-group four-dimensional dynamic model with the platform are provided in stages. The effect and parameters of each stage are modeled with real-time feedback, and the joint display and comparison among four dimensional models with special functions are realized in the final analysis platform. The system successfully constructed the left ventricular four-dimensional reconstruction model of the patients after electrocautery, and evaluated the physiological status of the patients by myocardial momentum model and parameter analysis. The results show that the non-invasive and convenient four-dimensional modeling and evaluation scheme is effective and feasible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌航空大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R816.2;TP391.41

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