本文選題：避障雷達(dá) + FPGA　； 參考：《南京理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,無人機(jī)技術(shù)在不斷發(fā)展,已經(jīng)廣泛應(yīng)用于軍事和民事的各個領(lǐng)域,具有廣闊的發(fā)展前景。無人機(jī)常需要在低空復(fù)雜環(huán)境中執(zhí)行任務(wù),為了保障無人機(jī)執(zhí)行任務(wù)時的安全,需要避障雷達(dá)來進(jìn)行預(yù)警和避障。本文以電力線避障科研項(xiàng)目為研究背景,對無人機(jī)避障雷達(dá)進(jìn)行了深入分析,設(shè)計了穩(wěn)定、低成本、小型化線性調(diào)頻寬帶毫米波避障雷達(dá)。按照發(fā)射機(jī)、接收機(jī)和FPGA信號處理三個部分給出了具體的雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計方案。主要研究內(nèi)容如下:在發(fā)射機(jī)設(shè)計部分,介紹了發(fā)射機(jī)方案的選擇及寬帶調(diào)頻源、功分器、倍頻器和功率放大器的設(shè)計。針對寬帶調(diào)頻源的產(chǎn)生提出了基于FPGA的壓控振蕩器(VCO)開環(huán)線性校正方法,通過FPGA對VCO的電調(diào)特性進(jìn)行開環(huán)寬帶線性校正。利用ADS設(shè)計了功分器、倍頻器和功率放大器。通過試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了設(shè)計的可行性。在接收機(jī)設(shè)計部分,介紹了接收機(jī)方案的選擇及低噪放、混頻器和中頻濾波放大電路的設(shè)計。中頻濾波不僅實(shí)現(xiàn)了濾除雜波和噪聲的功能,還對近距離目標(biāo)進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)乃p,避免了因近距離目標(biāo)回波功率過大而使放大電路飽和的問題,測試表明中頻放大電路增益滿足系統(tǒng)要求。在FPGA信號處理部分,研究了信號處理模塊FPGA的實(shí)現(xiàn),并利用Altium軟件設(shè)計原理圖和完成了 PCB布局布線,并完成了 PCB圖的制版、焊接和測試,驗(yàn)證了程序的正確性和可靠性,最后進(jìn)行了聯(lián)調(diào)。最后,進(jìn)行了靜態(tài)和試飛實(shí)驗(yàn)。測試數(shù)據(jù)表明,所設(shè)計的毫米波避障雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)滿足了無人機(jī)避障電力線的要求,并在2016年底,通過了山東國網(wǎng)電力研究院相關(guān)項(xiàng)目的技術(shù)評審。
[Abstract]:In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology has been widely used in military and civilian fields.UAVs often need to perform missions in low altitude and complex environments. In order to ensure the safety of UAVs, obstacle avoidance radar is required to carry out early warning and obstacle avoidance.Based on the research project of power line obstacle avoidance, the UAV obstacle avoidance radar is deeply analyzed, and a stable, low cost, miniaturized linear frequency modulation wideband millimeter-wave obstacle avoidance radar is designed.According to the three parts of transmitter, receiver and FPGA signal processing, the design scheme of radar system is given.The main contents are as follows: in the part of transmitter design, the selection of transmitter scheme and the design of broadband frequency modulation source, power divider, frequency multiplier and power amplifier are introduced.An open-loop linear correction method based on FPGA is proposed for the generation of wideband frequency modulation sources. The open-loop wideband linear correction of the electrical modulation characteristics of VCO is performed by FPGA.The power divider, frequency multiplier and power amplifier are designed by ADS.The feasibility of the design is verified by experiments.In the part of receiver design, the selection of receiver scheme and the design of low noise amplifier, mixer and if filter amplifier are introduced.If filter can not only filter clutter and noise, but also attenuate the close-range target properly, so as to avoid the problem of amplifying circuit saturation due to the high echo power of the close-range target.The test results show that the gain of if amplifier meets the requirements of the system.In the part of FPGA signal processing, the realization of signal processing module (FPGA) is studied, and the schematic diagram of PCB is designed by Altium software and the layout and wiring of PCB is completed, and the plate-making, welding and testing of PCB diagram are completed. The correctness and reliability of the program are verified.Finally, a joint adjustment is carried out.Finally, static and flight test experiments are carried out.The test data show that the designed millimeter-wave obstacle avoidance radar system can meet the requirements of UAV obstacle avoidance power line, and passed the technical evaluation of the related project of Shandong National Power Research Institute in late 2016.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：V279;TN959

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