本文關(guān)鍵詞：多方法檢測(cè)古代珍貴彩繪文物顏料及膠結(jié)材料的研究　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 彩繪文物 能譜 拉曼光譜 染色法 免疫法

【摘要】：中華文化歷史悠久,留存下大量精美珍貴的物質(zhì)遺存,有洞窟和墓葬壁畫(huà)、木構(gòu)建筑的油飾彩畫(huà)、陶器彩繪等等。這些文物除了文化和藝術(shù)價(jià)值,同時(shí)也是研究古代文明和探索歷史進(jìn)程的重要物證。研究彩繪文物的顏料和膠結(jié)材料等原始材料,是研究古代文物制作工藝的基礎(chǔ),同時(shí)對(duì)現(xiàn)階段文物的加固保護(hù)有十分重要的指導(dǎo)意義。然而對(duì)我國(guó)彩繪文物顏料和膠結(jié)物的種類(lèi)以及制作工藝進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)性研究報(bào)道還比較少,尤其是對(duì)顏料和膠結(jié)物檢測(cè)技術(shù)的集成研究很少。本文在查閱國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)和總結(jié)前人工作的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一套顏料和膠結(jié)物的集成檢測(cè)方法。首先,通過(guò)微損取樣、橫截面制作的方法,展開(kāi)對(duì)彩繪文物剖面結(jié)構(gòu)、顏料和膠結(jié)物組成的分析研究。在顏料檢測(cè)方面,在完善中國(guó)古代顏料的元素組成以及拉曼光譜特征峰資料庫(kù)的基礎(chǔ)上,用掃描電子顯微鏡的背散射功能以及能譜聯(lián)用技術(shù)分析樣品中顏料的元素組成,最后用拉曼光譜獲取顏料的結(jié)構(gòu)信息。在膠結(jié)物檢測(cè)方面,首先制作多片橫截面切片,然后使用染色法確定剖面各層中是否含有油脂和蛋白質(zhì),最后使用免疫法鑒定蛋清和動(dòng)物膠。本文用上述系列方法檢測(cè)了天水麥積山壁畫(huà)和泥塑彩畫(huà)、北京故宮燕喜堂油飾彩畫(huà)的樣品。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,通過(guò)樣品橫截面方法分析彩繪文物比較直觀、位置信息明確；能譜和拉曼光譜法能從元素組成和物質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)兩方面鑒定顏料和填料的成分,可信度高；通過(guò)染色法與免疫法在樣品的橫截面切片上檢測(cè)有機(jī)膠結(jié)物,可以準(zhǔn)確判斷彩繪文物各層中摻加的有機(jī)膠結(jié)物信息。該顏料和膠結(jié)物的集成檢測(cè)方法可靠、簡(jiǎn)便、實(shí)用。免疫法如酶聯(lián)免疫法、免疫熒光法和化學(xué)發(fā)光免疫法等,應(yīng)用于文物中膠結(jié)物的檢測(cè)特異性和靈敏度高。鑒于目前該方法只局限于動(dòng)物性蛋白質(zhì)的檢測(cè),比如蛋清、蛋黃、I型膠原蛋白等,而古代很多膠結(jié)物屬于植物性膠結(jié)物,比如大漆、桃膠、松香等。本文以桃膠為例,首先分離提純植物性膠結(jié)物,用純化的植物性蛋白培養(yǎng)多克隆抗體,將培養(yǎng)成功的抗體進(jìn)行效價(jià)和特異性檢測(cè)之后,應(yīng)用于免疫法檢測(cè)。
[Abstract]:Chinese culture has a long history, leaving a large number of exquisite and precious material remains, including caves and tomb murals, wood architecture oil decorative painting, pottery painting, and so on. These cultural and artistic values. At the same time, it is also an important material evidence to study ancient civilization and explore the historical process. At the same time, it is very important to guide the reinforcement and protection of cultural relics at this stage. However, there are few systematic research reports on the types of pigments and cemented objects of painted cultural relics and the production process in our country. Especially, there is little research on the integrated detection technology of pigment and cement. Based on the review of domestic and foreign literature and the summary of previous work, a set of integrated detection method of pigment and cement is put forward. First of all. Through the method of micro-loss sampling and cross-section making, the structure, pigment and cement composition of the section of painted cultural relics are analyzed and studied. On the basis of perfecting the elemental composition and Raman spectrum characteristic peak database of Chinese ancient pigments, the backscattering function of scanning electron microscope and the spectroscopic technique were used to analyze the elemental composition of pigments in the samples. Finally, the structure information of pigment was obtained by Raman spectroscopy. In the detection of cement, we first made a number of cross-section sections, and then used the staining method to determine whether oil and protein are in each layer of the section. Finally, the egg white and animal glue were identified by immunological method. The samples of mural paintings and clay paintings of Maiji Mountain in Tianshui and oil ornaments of Yanxitang in The Imperial Palace, Beijing were detected by the series of methods mentioned above. The method of cross section of the sample is used to analyze the painted cultural relics directly and the location information is clear. The composition of pigments and fillers can be identified by energy dispersive spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy in terms of element composition and material structure. The information of organic binders mixed in each layer of painted cultural relics can be accurately judged by staining and immunoassay in the cross-section sections of samples. The integrated detection method of pigment and cement is reliable. Simple and practical. Immunoassay such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence method and chemiluminescence immunoassay. This method is limited to the detection of animal proteins, such as egg white, yolk type I collagen and so on. In ancient times, a lot of cement belong to plant cementation, such as big lacquer, peach gum, rosin, etc. In this paper, we take peach gum as an example, first isolate and purify plant cement, and culture polyclonal antibody with purified plant protein. After the titer and specificity of the successfully cultured antibody were tested, the antibody was applied to the immunoassay.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K854.2;O652

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本文編號(hào)：1432184