本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于三角波條紋離焦的三維面形測(cè)量方法研究　出處：《南昌航空大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 三維測(cè)量 三角波條紋離焦 條紋投影 條紋反射

【摘要】：基于光學(xué)的三維面形測(cè)量技術(shù)具有非接觸、測(cè)量精度較高、可實(shí)現(xiàn)在線檢測(cè)等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在航空航天、汽車制造、工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)等諸多方面得到應(yīng)用。然而,目前常用的測(cè)量系統(tǒng)中存在的Gamma效應(yīng)嚴(yán)重影響了測(cè)量精度,而且無(wú)法對(duì)鏡面物體進(jìn)行有效的測(cè)量。如何有效的克服Gamma效應(yīng),進(jìn)一步提高測(cè)量精度,進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)鏡面物體的三維面形測(cè)量在現(xiàn)代檢測(cè)中有著重要意義。傳統(tǒng)的方法中,采用二進(jìn)制條紋離焦測(cè)量時(shí),一般采用調(diào)節(jié)投影設(shè)備主動(dòng)離焦或者較遠(yuǎn)離焦距離進(jìn)行自動(dòng)離焦。以上兩種離焦方法,離焦程度都相對(duì)較深,降低了投影條紋強(qiáng)度,使得相位獲取準(zhǔn)確率降低,從而影響了測(cè)量精度;采用正弦條紋進(jìn)行測(cè)量時(shí),由于投影儀的Gamma效應(yīng)導(dǎo)致投影條紋中有相當(dāng)多的高次諧波,降低了條紋質(zhì)量,給系統(tǒng)測(cè)量帶來(lái)了誤差。為解決以上問(wèn)題,本文開(kāi)展了如下研究工作:1.提出了基于三角波條紋離焦投影的三維面形測(cè)量方法,并詳細(xì)闡述了條紋離焦、Gamma效應(yīng)等相關(guān)問(wèn)題。該方法中對(duì)三角波條紋進(jìn)行輕微距離空氣離焦就能夠?yàn)V除幅值較小的高次諧波,并濾除環(huán)境中存在的高頻噪聲,克服了Gamma效應(yīng);離焦距離更短,保證了較高的信噪比,使得相位獲取更準(zhǔn)確。MATLAB仿真模擬充分證明了該方法的有效性和可行性,通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)鼠標(biāo)和長(zhǎng)條物體進(jìn)行面形測(cè)量,并將RMS控制在0.03mm以內(nèi)。相較于傳統(tǒng)方法,測(cè)量精度得到了較大提高。2.提出了基于三角波離焦條紋反射的三維面形測(cè)量方法,重點(diǎn)研究了反射鏡面測(cè)量的原理、系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)和系統(tǒng)標(biāo)定等問(wèn)題。該方法采用三角波條紋通過(guò)短距離空氣傳播微離焦,不僅避免了遠(yuǎn)距離離焦在鏡面成像中引起的CCD相機(jī)無(wú)法拍攝到清晰的反射條紋像和相位獲取準(zhǔn)確率降低的問(wèn)題;而且有效的降低了顯示器的Gamma效應(yīng)帶來(lái)的測(cè)量誤差。通過(guò)仿真模擬和實(shí)驗(yàn),均驗(yàn)證了該方法的有效性和可行性。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)曲率半徑為1m,尺寸大小為80mm×80mm的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)凹面鏡進(jìn)行了測(cè)量,恢復(fù)面形RMS約為16.15um。
[Abstract]:Three-dimensional surface shape measurement technology based on optics has the advantages of non-contact, high precision and on-line detection. It has been applied in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, industrial production and so on. At present, the Gamma effect in the commonly used measurement system has seriously affected the measurement accuracy, and can not be used to effectively measure the mirror object. How to effectively overcome the Gamma effect. It is very important to improve the measurement precision and realize the 3D shape measurement of mirror object. In the traditional method, the binary fringe defocus measurement is used. It is generally used to adjust the active defocusing of projection equipment or to defocus automatically from the focal distance. The above two defocusing methods are relatively deep, which reduces the intensity of projection fringes and reduces the accuracy of phase acquisition. Thus, the measurement accuracy is affected. Because of the Gamma effect of the projector, there are quite a lot of high-order harmonics in the projection fringe, which reduces the quality of the fringe and brings error to the measurement system. In this paper, the following research work has been carried out: 1. A new method for measuring 3-D plane shape based on delocalization projection of triangular wave fringes is proposed, and the defocusing of fringes is described in detail. Gamma effect and other related problems. In this method, the high-order harmonics with small amplitude can be filtered and the high-frequency noise in the environment can be filtered by defocusing the triangulation wave fringe slightly in the air. The Gamma effect is overcome. The defocus distance is shorter, which ensures a higher SNR, which makes the phase acquisition more accurate. MATLAB simulation fully proves the effectiveness and feasibility of the method. The surface shape of mouse and strip is measured by experiments, and the RMS is controlled within 0.03mm. compared with the traditional method. The measurement accuracy has been greatly improved. 2. A new method of 3D surface shape measurement based on delocalization fringe reflection of triangular wave is proposed, and the principle of reflection mirror measurement is mainly studied. The system structure and system calibration are discussed in this paper. The triangular wave fringe is used to propagate micro-defocusing through short-range air. It not only avoids the problem that the CCD camera can not capture clear reflection fringe images and the accuracy of phase acquisition is decreased due to the defocusing in the long range. And the measurement error caused by the Gamma effect of the display is reduced effectively. The effectiveness and feasibility of the method are verified by simulation and experiment. The radius of curvature is 1 m through the experiment. The standard concave mirror with the size of 80mm 脳 80mm has been measured, and the RMS of the recovered surface is about 16.15um.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌航空大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP391.41

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本文編號(hào)：1421394