本文關(guān)鍵詞：低剖面雙圓極化陣列天線研究　出處：《東南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： SAR 低剖面 雙圓極化 背腔 高阻抗表面 多頻點(diǎn)

【摘要】：自上世紀(jì)五十年代合成孔徑雷達(dá)(SAR)出現(xiàn)以來(lái),其發(fā)展受到廣泛關(guān)注,SAR最早應(yīng)用于軍事偵查,但其高分辨率及良好的成像質(zhì)量使之在資源勘探、精密導(dǎo)航、氣象觀測(cè)和遙感等諸多領(lǐng)域成功應(yīng)用,有著廣闊的發(fā)展前景及研究意義。現(xiàn)代SAR往多方向發(fā)展,多參數(shù)SAR的不同極化方式能顯著改善信號(hào)和圖像的詳細(xì)性、可靠性;機(jī)載星載SAR則對(duì)天線的小型化提出了要求。圓極化天線與線極化相比,可探測(cè)出目標(biāo)更多的細(xì)節(jié)信息,并且,低剖面天線具有重量輕、成本低等特點(diǎn),尤其是對(duì)大型天線和陣列天線的低剖面化,可以大幅度降低天線有效載荷重量和空間的占用。因此,本文著重研究具有低剖面、圓極化特點(diǎn)的天線。論文工作主要包含以下幾個(gè)方面:(1)設(shè)計(jì)了一款背腔結(jié)構(gòu)的貼片天線,采用容性耦合饋電方式展寬帶寬,以雙分支線耦合器產(chǎn)生幅度相等、相位相差90°的激勵(lì),使兩正交線極化波合成為圓極化波,通過(guò)切換耦合器的輸入端口,可實(shí)現(xiàn)左旋、右旋圓極化的切換。天線剖面僅0.1λ,為提高陣列的圓極化性能,采用旋轉(zhuǎn)組陣的方式構(gòu)成子陣,抵消物理結(jié)構(gòu)上的不對(duì)稱(chēng)性,子陣實(shí)測(cè)部分結(jié)果符合仿真設(shè)計(jì),分析了不符合仿真部分的原因。為實(shí)現(xiàn)低副瓣的要求,采用Taylor分布幅度加權(quán)法,完成了2×8線陣及6×6平面陣的仿真分析。(2)基于高阻抗表面的周期性結(jié)構(gòu),設(shè)計(jì)了一款低剖面微帶天線,采用改進(jìn)的正交偶極子結(jié)構(gòu),以及雙分支線耦合器,形成圓極化,同樣可實(shí)現(xiàn)左旋、右旋圓極化的切換,饋電采用空氣橋結(jié)構(gòu)。HIS模擬PMC,作為天線反射面,以降低剖面。2×2子陣及2×8線陣采用順次旋轉(zhuǎn)組陣的方式,提高陣列圓極化性能。(3)基于北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵頻點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)了一款多頻段天線,覆蓋B1、B2、B3三個(gè)頻點(diǎn),采用改進(jìn)的正交偶極子結(jié)構(gòu),實(shí)現(xiàn)左旋圓極化。推導(dǎo)了已知有源S參數(shù),前端接理想電橋時(shí)電橋的回波損耗及隔離度公式。為方便確定來(lái)波方向,用以定位,采用六邊形陣列的形式,仿真分析了陣列性能。(4)基于已確定的5G實(shí)驗(yàn)頻段,設(shè)計(jì)了一款空間全覆蓋的高隔離度天線,以3D打印的正十二面體為載體,在十一個(gè)面上安裝天線,同時(shí)需保證單元間較高的隔離度,實(shí)測(cè)結(jié)果基本符合仿真。
[Abstract]:Since the appearance of synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) in -50s, its development has been widely concerned about its application in military reconnaissance, but its high resolution and good imaging quality make it in resource exploration. Precision navigation, meteorological observation, remote sensing and many other fields have been successfully applied, which has broad development prospects and research significance. Modern SAR is developing in many directions. The different polarization modes of multi-parameter SAR can significantly improve the detail and reliability of the signal and image. Airborne spaceborne SAR requires the miniaturization of antenna. Compared with linear polarization, circular polarization antenna can detect more details of target, and low profile antenna has the characteristics of light weight, low cost and so on. Especially the low profile of large antenna and array antenna can greatly reduce the payload weight and space occupation. The main work of this paper includes the following aspects: 1) A patch antenna with a back cavity structure is designed, and the bandwidth is broadened by capacitive coupling feed. With the excitation of equal amplitude and 90 擄phase difference produced by double branched line coupler, the two orthogonal linear polarization waves are synthesized into circular polarization waves. By switching the input ports of the coupler, the left-handed wave can be realized. The antenna profile is only 0.1 位. In order to improve the circular polarization performance of the array, the rotation array is used to form a subarray to counteract the asymmetry in the physical structure. The experimental results of the sub-array are in accordance with the simulation design, and the reasons for the failure are analyzed. In order to realize the requirement of low sidelobe, the Taylor distribution amplitude weighting method is adopted. The simulation analysis of 2 脳 8 linear array and 6 脳 6 plane array is completed. Based on the periodic structure of high impedance surface, a low profile microstrip antenna is designed, which adopts an improved orthogonal dipole structure. And the double branch line coupler, forming circular polarization, can also achieve left-handed and right-handed circular polarization switching. The air bridge structure. His is used to simulate PMCs as the reflector of the antenna. A multi-band antenna is designed based on the key frequency points of Beidou satellite navigation system by decreasing the section .2 脳 2 subarray and 2 脳 8 linear array by using the sequential rotation array to improve the circular polarization performance of the array. The left-handed circular polarization is realized by using an improved orthogonal dipole structure covering three frequency points of B1OB2OB3. The known active S parameters are derived. The formula of echo loss and isolation degree of the bridge when the front end is connected to the ideal bridge. In order to determine the direction of the incoming wave and to locate it, the hexagonal array is adopted. Based on the determined 5G experimental frequency band, a high isolation antenna with full space coverage is designed. The antenna is installed on 11 planes using 12 planes printed in 3D as the carrier. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure high isolation between the units, and the measured results are basically in accordance with the simulation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TN957.2

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