本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于3D傳感器的掃描儀研制　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 線結(jié)構(gòu)光3D傳感器 三維掃描儀 點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù) 傳感器標(biāo)定

【摘要】：物體表面輪廓的三維測量技術(shù)是近年來才發(fā)展起來的一種新型技術(shù),用于獲取被測物體的空間表面輪廓的三維點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù),依據(jù)采集到的物體表面點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù),可以對待測對象進(jìn)行幾何檢測或進(jìn)行三維逆向建模,具有快速、準(zhǔn)確、高效的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。3D傳感器是以結(jié)構(gòu)光三維測量技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)研制出的新型測量傳感器,能無接觸的對物體的表面輪廓進(jìn)行三維測量,測量過程中也不會(huì)對物體的表面結(jié)構(gòu)造成破壞,但該傳感器一次測量只能獲得被測物表面一條線上的三維點(diǎn),不能直接實(shí)現(xiàn)待測對象全局的表面輪廓掃描測量。本研究課題以3D傳感器為基本測量器件,將待測物固定在精密平移軌道上,采用絲杠及步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)待測物平移,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對待測對象全局的表面輪廓掃描測量,構(gòu)建了一套三維掃描儀。該設(shè)備可應(yīng)用于工件幾何檢測、外形修復(fù),能夠快速并高精度的完成掃描,獲得工件完整的全角度的表面形貌特征。本課題主要研究內(nèi)容如下:1.設(shè)計(jì)了系統(tǒng)的總體結(jié)構(gòu),基于線結(jié)構(gòu)光3D傳感器建立了全局三維激光掃描儀的測量模型。2.研究了系統(tǒng)的標(biāo)定方法,設(shè)計(jì)了相應(yīng)的基準(zhǔn)尺作為標(biāo)定靶標(biāo),通過掃描儀采集基準(zhǔn)尺的一組圖像實(shí)現(xiàn)智能傳感器與平移導(dǎo)軌關(guān)系的標(biāo)定,同時(shí)能將兩個(gè)3D傳感器標(biāo)定在統(tǒng)一坐標(biāo)系下,標(biāo)定過程簡單、有效。3.編制開發(fā)了全局三維掃描數(shù)據(jù)采集軟件。4.對標(biāo)定后的系統(tǒng)測量精度進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,并進(jìn)行實(shí)際的掃描測量實(shí)驗(yàn),系統(tǒng)的測量精度可達(dá)0.03~0.13mm(視被測對象大小)。
[Abstract]:The 3D measurement technology of object surface contour is a new technology developed in recent years, which is used to obtain 3D point cloud data of the measured object's spatial surface contour, according to the collected object surface point cloud data. 3D sensor is a new kind of measurement sensor based on structured light 3D measurement technology, which can be used for geometric detection or 3D reverse modeling. It has the advantages of fast, accurate and efficient. The surface profile of the object can be measured without contact, and the surface structure of the object will not be damaged in the measurement process. However, the sensor can only obtain three dimensional points on a line of the object surface by one measurement at a time. It is not possible to directly realize the global surface profile scanning measurement of the object under test. In this research, 3D sensor is used as the basic measuring device, and the object is fixed on the precise translation track. By using the lead screw and step motor to drive the object to be measured, a set of 3D scanner is constructed, which can be used to detect and repair the geometry of the workpiece. The scanning can be completed quickly and accurately to obtain the complete surface topography of the workpiece at all angles. The main contents of this research are as follows: 1. The overall structure of the system is designed. Based on the linear structured light 3D sensor, the measurement model of global 3D laser scanner is established. The calibration method of the system is studied, and the corresponding reference ruler is designed as the calibration target. The calibration of the relationship between the intelligent sensor and the translation guide rail can be realized by a set of images collected by the scanner. At the same time, the two 3D sensors can be calibrated in a unified coordinate system, and the calibration process is simple. Effective .3.The global 3D scanning data acquisition software .4. the accuracy of the calibrated system is verified, and the actual scanning measurement experiment is carried out. The measuring accuracy of the system can reach 0.03 ~ 0.13mm (depending on the object size).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP334.22

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本文編號(hào)：1374164