地方財經(jīng)類院校大學(xué)生綜合能力評價與培養(yǎng)體系研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-08 08:11
【摘要】：隨著我國高等教育的發(fā)展,大學(xué)生的人數(shù)與規(guī)模不斷擴大。根據(jù)國家教育部的統(tǒng)計(http://www.moe.gov.cn),2014年普通高校本科畢業(yè)生6593671人,招生數(shù)量7213987人。其中,財經(jīng)類高校畢業(yè)生為627185人,所占總體比例為9.51%;招生數(shù)量為708136人,所占總體比例為9.82%。2015年全國普通高等院校畢業(yè)生將達到749萬人,歷史就業(yè)人數(shù)及招生規(guī)模將達到一個新高點。大學(xué)生擴招有利于提高國民的素質(zhì)。如何提升大學(xué)生培養(yǎng)質(zhì)量成為現(xiàn)階段我國高等院校廣泛關(guān)注的理論和現(xiàn)實問題。高等院校對大學(xué)生綜合能力進行培養(yǎng)是提升大學(xué)生培養(yǎng)質(zhì)量的重要途徑之一。但是,自從高等院校擴大招生規(guī)模以來,根據(jù)中國首家高等教育管理數(shù)據(jù)與咨詢的專業(yè)公司麥克思對本科大學(xué)生綜合能力及就業(yè)情況的調(diào)查來看,自2011屆本科畢業(yè)生以來逐屆呈下降趨勢,畢業(yè)生就業(yè)滿意度僅為53%,呈現(xiàn)應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生找不到滿意專業(yè)崗位,企業(yè)找不到合適人才的尷尬局面。麥克思的《2011年就業(yè)藍皮書》調(diào)查財經(jīng)類院校大學(xué)生能力情況顯示,大學(xué)生所具備的綜合能力達不到工作的實際要求,大學(xué)生綜合能力不足問題日益突出,大學(xué)生綜合能力亟待提升。提升大學(xué)生綜合能力將有助于大學(xué)生今后的發(fā)展。本文以財經(jīng)類高校為例,選取12所地方財經(jīng)類高校,對其在校本科大學(xué)生的綜合能力進行評價,對大學(xué)生綜合能力培養(yǎng)模式等問題進行探索性和創(chuàng)新性地研究,有著較強的理論與現(xiàn)實意義。另外,本文所涉及到的大學(xué)生綜合能力研究,都是指財經(jīng)類院校本科大學(xué)生綜合能力研究。本文進行的主要研究如下:(1)大學(xué)生綜合能力結(jié)構(gòu)體系構(gòu)建研究基于多因素理論,從多層面和多角度進行分析和研究大學(xué)生綜合能力指標(biāo)體系要素,結(jié)合對大學(xué)生綜合能力的相關(guān)定義以及當(dāng)今社會對人才培養(yǎng)發(fā)展的需求,從教師、學(xué)生、社會視角考察研究大學(xué)生應(yīng)具備的綜合能力,并征詢相關(guān)來自高校、企業(yè)以及政府機關(guān)單位方面的專家意見,根據(jù)綜合能力指標(biāo)體系的確立原則,構(gòu)建了具有22個二級能力指標(biāo)的本科大學(xué)生綜合能力結(jié)構(gòu)體系。(2)大學(xué)生綜合能力評價研究在建立大學(xué)生綜合能力結(jié)構(gòu)體系的基礎(chǔ)上,采用德爾菲方法確定能力指標(biāo)(基本素質(zhì)與基本能力、專業(yè)能力、創(chuàng)新與實踐能力)的權(quán)重,通過主成分分析和特征聚類方法建立集成評價方法,來對大學(xué)生綜合能力進行評測。(3)大學(xué)生綜合能力培養(yǎng)模式研究本文基于能力培養(yǎng)視角,設(shè)計實驗教學(xué)軟件,強調(diào)采用實驗教學(xué)方法來培養(yǎng)大學(xué)生綜合能力。以財經(jīng)類高校會計學(xué)專業(yè)實驗教學(xué)軟件為例,研究了其設(shè)計理念、功能模塊以及實驗流程、功能界面的實現(xiàn)、系統(tǒng)的實施過程,設(shè)計了基于能力培養(yǎng)的實驗教學(xué)軟件。利用Probit模型,對基于實驗教學(xué)軟件的大學(xué)生綜合能力培養(yǎng)模式的績效進行了評價。本文深入研究了采用虛擬實驗方法對大學(xué)生綜合能力中的創(chuàng)業(yè)能力進行培養(yǎng)的問題,并構(gòu)建了非平衡面板數(shù)據(jù),實證分析了虛擬實驗對培養(yǎng)大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)能力的效果。(4)大學(xué)生綜合能力培養(yǎng)對策研究針對大學(xué)生綜合能力結(jié)構(gòu)體系中的各個綜合能力指標(biāo),提出了大學(xué)生的基本素質(zhì)與基本能力、專業(yè)能力、創(chuàng)新與實踐能力的培養(yǎng)對策。本文的主要貢獻在于:(1)從社會、用人單位和高校及社會評價的角度出發(fā)探索新的大學(xué)生綜合能力結(jié)構(gòu)體系,將高校對大學(xué)生綜合能力的評價體系與社會評價體系相聯(lián)系,從一個全新的研究視角構(gòu)建了大學(xué)生綜合能力結(jié)構(gòu)體系,打造了以培養(yǎng)大學(xué)生綜合能力為主要目標(biāo)的貴州財經(jīng)大學(xué)經(jīng)濟管理系統(tǒng)仿真綜合實驗課程。該課程于2011年在貴州財經(jīng)大學(xué)開始實施,現(xiàn)參加本課程學(xué)生人數(shù)已達17000余人,在貴州省高校乃至全國都有較大的影響力。(2)本文在主成分分析法的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合德爾菲法,采用加權(quán)主成分分析法和聚類分析法,提出了大學(xué)生綜合能力的集成評價方法。(3)本文提出了采用實驗教學(xué)系統(tǒng)培養(yǎng)大學(xué)生的綜合能力,開發(fā)設(shè)計了實驗教學(xué)系統(tǒng),并于2012年在貴州財經(jīng)大學(xué)首次實施,同用友新道科技公司進行聯(lián)合開發(fā)進一步整合實驗教學(xué)系統(tǒng)。此成果在貴州省大學(xué)城進行了較好的推廣應(yīng)用,受到同行高校、政府機構(gòu)、企業(yè)等單位的一致好評。在此基礎(chǔ)上,利用Probit模型評價了基于實驗教學(xué)系統(tǒng)培養(yǎng)大學(xué)生綜合能力的績效。(4)針對網(wǎng)絡(luò)調(diào)查問卷容易存在缺失數(shù)據(jù)的問題,本文將最大期望值算法(EM)與樸素貝葉斯算法(NB)進行結(jié)合,提出EM-NB算法,運用EM-NB算法處理網(wǎng)絡(luò)調(diào)查的缺失數(shù)據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the development of higher education in China, the number and scale of college students are expanding. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Education (http://www.moe.gov.cn), there are 6593671 undergraduate graduates and 7213987 students enrolled in general universities in 2014. Among them, 627185 graduates of Finance and economics universities, accounting for 9.51% of the total, 708136 students, accounting for 7,836. The overall proportion is 9.82%. In 2015, the number of graduates will reach 7.49 million, and the number of historical employment and enrollment will reach a new high. The enlargement of college enrollment is conducive to improving the quality of the people. How to improve the quality of college students training has become a theoretical and practical issue of widespread concern in China's Colleges and universities at this stage. It is one of the important ways to improve the quality of undergraduate training to cultivate students'comprehensive abilities. However, since the enrollment expansion of colleges and universities, according to the survey of undergraduate comprehensive abilities and employment situation by Max, the first professional company of higher education management data and consultation in China, since the 2011 undergraduate graduates Graduates'job satisfaction is only 53%, showing the embarrassing situation that the graduates can not find satisfactory professional posts and the enterprises can not find suitable talents. In this paper, 12 local universities of Finance and economics are selected as an example to evaluate the comprehensive ability of undergraduate students in order to cultivate their comprehensive ability. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to make exploratory and innovative research on the mode and other issues. In addition, the comprehensive ability of college students involved in this paper refers to the comprehensive ability of undergraduate students in financial and economic institutions. Element theory, from multi-level and multi-angle analysis and Research on the elements of the comprehensive ability index system of College students, combined with the relevant definition of the comprehensive ability of college students and the needs of today's Society for the development of talent training, from the perspective of teachers, students and society to study the comprehensive ability of college students should have, and to consult relevant colleges and universities, enterprises. According to the principle of establishing the index system of comprehensive ability, the comprehensive ability structure system of undergraduate students with 22 secondary ability indexes is constructed. (2) On the basis of establishing the structure system of comprehensive ability of undergraduate students, the Delphi method is adopted to determine the ability. The weights of indicators (basic quality and basic ability, professional ability, innovation and practical ability) are evaluated by the integrated evaluation method based on principal component analysis and feature clustering method. (3) The cultivation model of College Students'comprehensive ability. Based on the perspective of ability cultivation, this paper designs experimental teaching software and emphasizes the use of it. Taking the experimental teaching software of Accounting Specialty in finance and Economics Universities as an example, this paper studies its design concept, function module and experimental flow, the realization of function interface, the implementation process of the system, and designs the experimental teaching software based on ability cultivation. This paper makes an in-depth study of the problem of cultivating the entrepreneurial ability of college students in their comprehensive ability by means of virtual experiment, and constructs unbalanced panel data to empirically analyze the effect of virtual experiment on cultivating the entrepreneurial ability of College students. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) Exploring new universities from the perspective of society, employers, universities and social evaluation The structure system of students'comprehensive abilities links the evaluation system of University Students' comprehensive abilities with the social evaluation system, constructs the structure system of College Students'comprehensive abilities from a brand-new research perspective, and builds the simulation comprehensive experimental course of economic management system of Guizhou University of Finance and Economics with the main goal of Cultivating College Students' comprehensive abilities. The course was implemented in Guizhou University of Finance and Economics in 2011, and now more than 17,000 students have participated in the course, which has great influence in Guizhou Province and even in the whole country. (2) Based on the principal component analysis method, combined with Delphi method, the weighted principal component analysis method and cluster analysis method, this paper puts forward the comprehensive ability of College students. (3) An integrated evaluation method is proposed in this paper. (3) The experimental teaching system is used to cultivate the comprehensive ability of College students, and the experimental teaching system is developed and designed. It was first implemented in Guizhou University of Finance and Economics in 2012, and further integrated experimental teaching system was developed jointly with Youxindao Science and Technology Company. The results were compared in Guizhou University Town. On this basis, the performance of cultivating students'comprehensive ability based on experimental teaching system is evaluated by using Probit model. (4) Aiming at the problem of missing data in the network questionnaire, the maximum expectation algorithm (EM) and naive Bayes are proposed in this paper. Combining algorithm (NB), EM-NB algorithm is proposed, and EM-NB algorithm is applied to deal with missing data in network survey.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：G642
本文編號：2229921
[Abstract]:With the development of higher education in China, the number and scale of college students are expanding. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Education (http://www.moe.gov.cn), there are 6593671 undergraduate graduates and 7213987 students enrolled in general universities in 2014. Among them, 627185 graduates of Finance and economics universities, accounting for 9.51% of the total, 708136 students, accounting for 7,836. The overall proportion is 9.82%. In 2015, the number of graduates will reach 7.49 million, and the number of historical employment and enrollment will reach a new high. The enlargement of college enrollment is conducive to improving the quality of the people. How to improve the quality of college students training has become a theoretical and practical issue of widespread concern in China's Colleges and universities at this stage. It is one of the important ways to improve the quality of undergraduate training to cultivate students'comprehensive abilities. However, since the enrollment expansion of colleges and universities, according to the survey of undergraduate comprehensive abilities and employment situation by Max, the first professional company of higher education management data and consultation in China, since the 2011 undergraduate graduates Graduates'job satisfaction is only 53%, showing the embarrassing situation that the graduates can not find satisfactory professional posts and the enterprises can not find suitable talents. In this paper, 12 local universities of Finance and economics are selected as an example to evaluate the comprehensive ability of undergraduate students in order to cultivate their comprehensive ability. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to make exploratory and innovative research on the mode and other issues. In addition, the comprehensive ability of college students involved in this paper refers to the comprehensive ability of undergraduate students in financial and economic institutions. Element theory, from multi-level and multi-angle analysis and Research on the elements of the comprehensive ability index system of College students, combined with the relevant definition of the comprehensive ability of college students and the needs of today's Society for the development of talent training, from the perspective of teachers, students and society to study the comprehensive ability of college students should have, and to consult relevant colleges and universities, enterprises. According to the principle of establishing the index system of comprehensive ability, the comprehensive ability structure system of undergraduate students with 22 secondary ability indexes is constructed. (2) On the basis of establishing the structure system of comprehensive ability of undergraduate students, the Delphi method is adopted to determine the ability. The weights of indicators (basic quality and basic ability, professional ability, innovation and practical ability) are evaluated by the integrated evaluation method based on principal component analysis and feature clustering method. (3) The cultivation model of College Students'comprehensive ability. Based on the perspective of ability cultivation, this paper designs experimental teaching software and emphasizes the use of it. Taking the experimental teaching software of Accounting Specialty in finance and Economics Universities as an example, this paper studies its design concept, function module and experimental flow, the realization of function interface, the implementation process of the system, and designs the experimental teaching software based on ability cultivation. This paper makes an in-depth study of the problem of cultivating the entrepreneurial ability of college students in their comprehensive ability by means of virtual experiment, and constructs unbalanced panel data to empirically analyze the effect of virtual experiment on cultivating the entrepreneurial ability of College students. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) Exploring new universities from the perspective of society, employers, universities and social evaluation The structure system of students'comprehensive abilities links the evaluation system of University Students' comprehensive abilities with the social evaluation system, constructs the structure system of College Students'comprehensive abilities from a brand-new research perspective, and builds the simulation comprehensive experimental course of economic management system of Guizhou University of Finance and Economics with the main goal of Cultivating College Students' comprehensive abilities. The course was implemented in Guizhou University of Finance and Economics in 2011, and now more than 17,000 students have participated in the course, which has great influence in Guizhou Province and even in the whole country. (2) Based on the principal component analysis method, combined with Delphi method, the weighted principal component analysis method and cluster analysis method, this paper puts forward the comprehensive ability of College students. (3) An integrated evaluation method is proposed in this paper. (3) The experimental teaching system is used to cultivate the comprehensive ability of College students, and the experimental teaching system is developed and designed. It was first implemented in Guizhou University of Finance and Economics in 2012, and further integrated experimental teaching system was developed jointly with Youxindao Science and Technology Company. The results were compared in Guizhou University Town. On this basis, the performance of cultivating students'comprehensive ability based on experimental teaching system is evaluated by using Probit model. (4) Aiming at the problem of missing data in the network questionnaire, the maximum expectation algorithm (EM) and naive Bayes are proposed in this paper. Combining algorithm (NB), EM-NB algorithm is proposed, and EM-NB algorithm is applied to deal with missing data in network survey.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：G642
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