中國海外利益維護(hù)戰(zhàn)略研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-23 11:02
【摘要】：在全球化浪潮的推涌下,中國融入世界的速度不斷加快,中國國家利益的內(nèi)涵也隨之發(fā)生了變化。在國家的利益結(jié)構(gòu)中,中國海外利益所占比重不斷上升、地位不斷彰顯,逐漸成為關(guān)乎中國國家安全、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和人民福祉的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵變量。中國海外利益戰(zhàn)略性能的提升,突出了對之進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)略維護(hù)的意義。進(jìn)入新世紀(jì),面對持續(xù)變化且愈發(fā)復(fù)雜的國內(nèi)國際形勢,日益加強(qiáng)的國內(nèi)利益國際化和國際利益國內(nèi)化趨勢,中國亟需針對海外利益議題進(jìn)行頂層設(shè)計(jì),施以戰(zhàn)略謀劃,強(qiáng)化自身適應(yīng)國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展、順應(yīng)國際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)格局變動(dòng)的能力;中國有必要改變在海外利益維護(hù)上的“刺激-反應(yīng)”型策略方式,代之以穩(wěn)定自信的系統(tǒng)戰(zhàn)略,找準(zhǔn)方向、合理分配資源,兼顧海外利益的安全和國家發(fā)展的大局。本文遵循“戰(zhàn)略對象-戰(zhàn)略演進(jìn)-戰(zhàn)略困境-戰(zhàn)略參鑒-戰(zhàn)略設(shè)計(jì)”的步驟,以新中國成立以來中國與國際社會(huì)的戰(zhàn)略互動(dòng)為主要研究內(nèi)容,基于國際關(guān)系理論基本知識(shí),借助古今對比、中外對比,系統(tǒng)探討了中國海外利益維護(hù)戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)建問題。第一章,優(yōu)先明確了中國海外利益維護(hù)戰(zhàn)略的指涉對象,討論了中國海外利益的概念、內(nèi)涵與戰(zhàn)略價(jià)值。本章遵循“理論-實(shí)際”、“概念-價(jià)值”相互結(jié)合的思路。首先,按照“國家利益-中國國家利益-中國海外利益”的邏輯界定了中國海外利益的概念。中國國家利益是中國海外利益的涵養(yǎng)母體,是其生成和發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。中國海外利益是“中國在崛起過程中通過參與國際交流而產(chǎn)生的、一種存在于國家領(lǐng)土范圍以外的、新型的、合法的利益的集合體”。其次,結(jié)合“內(nèi)容-主體-重要性”三重標(biāo)準(zhǔn),將中國海外利益分為了政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、安全、文化四種類型和國家、企業(yè)、公民三個(gè)層次。最后,系統(tǒng)論述了中國海外利益對于國家的生存與發(fā)展、綜合國力的提升、國際形象與地位的戰(zhàn)略價(jià)值。第二章,縱向梳理了中國海外利益維護(hù)戰(zhàn)略的演進(jìn)過程,提出了“中國海外利益的維護(hù)戰(zhàn)略與拓展戰(zhàn)略二者并未同步,前者明顯滯后于后者”這一問題。本章以維護(hù)戰(zhàn)略的發(fā)展為主線,遵循“歷史-現(xiàn)實(shí)-未來”、“拓展戰(zhàn)略-維護(hù)戰(zhàn)略”相互對照的邏輯展開分析。1949-2000年是中國海外利益維護(hù)戰(zhàn)略的空檔期。以改革開放的實(shí)行為節(jié)點(diǎn),該時(shí)期分為兩個(gè)階段:1978年以前是中國海外利益拓展與維護(hù)戰(zhàn)略同時(shí)缺失的階段;1978年以后是拓展戰(zhàn)略初步形成而維護(hù)戰(zhàn)略繼續(xù)缺位的階段,“引進(jìn)來”戰(zhàn)略填補(bǔ)了中國海外利益拓展戰(zhàn)略的空白。2001-2012年是中國海外利益維護(hù)戰(zhàn)略的摸索期。以2008年國際金融危機(jī)的爆發(fā)為節(jié)點(diǎn),該時(shí)期分為兩個(gè)階段:2001-2007年是拓展戰(zhàn)略持續(xù)完善與維護(hù)戰(zhàn)略意識(shí)萌芽的階段,“走出去”戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施促進(jìn)了中國海外利益的快速增長,國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層也正式提出了“海外利益維護(hù)”這一命題;2008-2012年是拓展戰(zhàn)略總結(jié)反思與維護(hù)戰(zhàn)略初步探索的階段,在國際形勢惡化的背景下,“走出去”戰(zhàn)略的方向有所調(diào)整,與此同時(shí)海外利益維護(hù)中融入了軍力元素。2013年至今是中國海外利益維護(hù)戰(zhàn)略的塑造期�！耙粠б宦贰睉�(zhàn)略的推出預(yù)示著中國海外利益的拓展將迎來一個(gè)新階段,總體安全觀、國家治理現(xiàn)代化等理念的問世則昭示著中國海外利益維護(hù)戰(zhàn)略進(jìn)入了整體設(shè)計(jì)的軌道。第三章,綜合考察了中國海外利益戰(zhàn)略維護(hù)面臨的挑戰(zhàn),指出了其必須要克服的內(nèi)部問題、外部風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與國際競爭。本章以“問題-風(fēng)險(xiǎn)-競爭”為基本點(diǎn),以“關(guān)系思考”為落腳點(diǎn)。首先,從中國自身來看,中國海外利益的戰(zhàn)略維護(hù)受到“經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展上的結(jié)構(gòu)性弊端”、“安全維護(hù)上的力量性失衡”和“對外交往中的原則性限制”三個(gè)不利條件的制約;其次,從外部環(huán)境來看,中國海外利益的戰(zhàn)略維護(hù)需要應(yīng)對“全球?qū)用娴男蝿葑兓�、“地區(qū)層面的形勢緊張”、“國家層面的情勢變換”和“社會(huì)層面的文化差異”四種不利情形;再次,從國家間互動(dòng)來看,中國海外利益的戰(zhàn)略維護(hù)面對著傳統(tǒng)大國和新興國家的競爭。也即是說,中國海外利益的戰(zhàn)略維護(hù)需要同時(shí)處理好與自身、與他國、與地區(qū)、與世界的關(guān)系。第四章,橫向歸納了主要大國海外利益維護(hù)的戰(zhàn)略啟示,總結(jié)了全球性大國海外利益維護(hù)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)。本章按照“中國自身-外部世界”、“新興大國-傳統(tǒng)大國”相互對照的邏輯延展思路。首先,考察了英國的案例。大英帝國時(shí)期,英國的海外利益遍布全球,是當(dāng)時(shí)擁有海外利益最多、規(guī)模最大的國家;英國的海外利益主要面臨著殖民地的反抗、其他大國的競爭等挑戰(zhàn);英國的海外利益維護(hù)注重內(nèi)外兼顧、軟硬兼施;這啟示中國要持續(xù)推進(jìn)海洋強(qiáng)國戰(zhàn)略,建設(shè)強(qiáng)大海權(quán)。其次,考察了美國的案例。美國是當(dāng)今世界地位最顯赫、海外利益最豐富、影響力最大的國家;美國的海外利益面臨著傳統(tǒng)和非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅、其他大國的競爭等挑戰(zhàn);美國的海外利益維護(hù)核心在于確保其全球領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán),結(jié)合了權(quán)力、制度和文化三個(gè)維度;這啟示中國要全方位提升自身實(shí)力并將之轉(zhuǎn)化為能力,并借助國際機(jī)制和觀念的力量進(jìn)行維權(quán)。最后,考察了日本的案例。日本是資本主義世界第二大國,是東亞地區(qū)最發(fā)達(dá)的經(jīng)濟(jì)體;日本的海外利益同樣面臨著傳統(tǒng)和非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅、其他大國的競爭等挑戰(zhàn);日本的海外利益維護(hù)最大限度地發(fā)揮了自身經(jīng)濟(jì)的作用,同時(shí)依附美國;這啟示中國要充分發(fā)揮本國的優(yōu)勢,避免自身劣勢,積極參與國際事務(wù)。第五章,嘗試構(gòu)建了中國在21世紀(jì)的海外利益維護(hù)戰(zhàn)略,探索了中國作為新興大國的海外利益維護(hù)之道。本章遵循從“目標(biāo)-手段-影響”、“觀念-權(quán)力-制度”、“國家治理-地區(qū)治理-全球治理”的邏輯。首先,設(shè)定了中國海外利益維護(hù)戰(zhàn)略的目標(biāo)。直接目標(biāo)是保障利益安全,拓展目標(biāo)是增益國家發(fā)展,延伸目標(biāo)是推動(dòng)國際治理。其次,論述了中國海外利益維護(hù)戰(zhàn)略的構(gòu)成。觀念、權(quán)力和制度是一項(xiàng)海外利益維護(hù)戰(zhàn)略必不可缺的三大內(nèi)核。中國海外利益維護(hù)戰(zhàn)略以“利益共享的觀念”為指導(dǎo)原則,以“大國權(quán)力的和平運(yùn)用”為基本依托,以“國際制度能力的建設(shè)”為合法途徑。再次,評估了中國海外利益維護(hù)戰(zhàn)略的影響。它有助于中國進(jìn)一步發(fā)展成“一個(gè)全球性的大國”、“一個(gè)負(fù)責(zé)任的大國”、“一個(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)型的大國”。
[Abstract]:In the tide of globalization, the speed of China's integration into the world has been accelerating and the connotation of China's national interests has changed. In the country's interest structure, the proportion of China's overseas interests is rising, its status is constantly showing, and it has gradually become a key variable about China's national security, economic development and the people's welfare. The promotion of the performance of China's overseas interests highlights the significance of strategic maintenance for it. Entering the new century, facing the continuous and increasingly complex domestic and international situation, the increasing domestic interest and international interests and the trend of internalization of international interests, China urgently needs a top-level design for overseas interests and strategic planning. It is necessary for China to change its ability to adapt to the economic and social development of the country and adapt to the changes in the international political and economic pattern. It is necessary for China to change the "stimulus response" strategy in the maintenance of overseas interests, to replace it with a stable and confident system strategy, to find the right direction, to allocate resources reasonably, and to take care of the security of the interests of the sea and the development of the country. According to the steps of "strategic object - Strategic Evolution - strategic predicament - strategic reference - Strategic Design", the strategic interaction between China and the international community since the founding of new China is the main research content. Based on the basic knowledge of international relations theory, with the help of the comparison between ancient and modern, China and foreign countries, the construction of China's overseas interests maintenance strategy is systematically explored. This chapter discusses the concept, connotation and strategic value of China's overseas interests. This chapter follows the idea of "theory reality" and "concept value". First, the Chinese overseas profit is defined in accordance with the logic of "national interest - China's national interest - China's overseas interests" The Chinese national interest is the mainstay of China's overseas interests and the basis for its generation and development. China's overseas interests are "a collection of international exchanges in the process of China's rise, a collection of new and legitimate interests outside the territory of the country". The three standard of importance is divided into four types of political, economic, security and cultural types and three levels of state, enterprise and citizen. Finally, the Chinese overseas interests are systematically discussed for the survival and development of the country, the promotion of the comprehensive national strength and the strategic value of the international image and status. Chapter second, the longitudinal combing of China's overseas The evolution process of the interest maintenance strategy proposed that "the two parties of China's overseas interests maintenance strategy and expansion strategy did not synchronize, the former obviously lagged behind the latter". This chapter took the development of the maintenance strategy as the main line, followed the logic of "history reality - future" and "development strategy maintenance strategy" to analyze.1949- 2000 is the gap period of China's overseas interest maintenance strategy, which is divided into two stages with the implementation of reform and opening up. This period is divided into two stages: before 1978, China's overseas interest expansion and maintenance strategy are simultaneously missing; after 1978, the development strategy is initially formed and the strategy continues to be absent, and the "Introduction" strategy has been filled. The gap of China's overseas interest development strategy.2001-2012 year is a period of exploration for China's overseas interest maintenance strategy. With the outbreak of the international financial crisis in 2008 as the node, the period is divided into two stages: the 2001-2007 year is the stage of the development strategy continuous improvement and maintenance of strategic consciousness, and the implementation of "going out" strategy has promoted the China Sea The rapid growth of foreign interests, the national leadership also formally put forward the proposition of "maintenance of overseas interests"; the 2008-2012 year is the stage for the preliminary exploration of the strategic summary reflection and maintenance strategy. Under the background of the deterioration of the international situation, the direction of "going out" strategy has been adjusted, while Jun Liyuan has been integrated into the maintenance of overseas interests. The development of China's overseas interest maintenance strategy has been the molding period of the.2013 year. The introduction of the "one along the road" suggests that the expansion of China's overseas interests will usher in a new stage. The concept of overall security and the modernization of national governance shows that China's overseas interest maintenance war has entered the overall design track. The third chapter is a comprehensive review. This chapter examines the challenges facing China's overseas interests strategy maintenance, points out the internal problems that must be overcome, the external risk and international competition. This chapter takes "the problem risk competition" as the basic point and the "relationship thinking" as the foothold. First, the strategic maintenance of China's overseas interests is "economic development" from China itself. "Structural malpractice", "unbalance of strength in safety maintenance" and "principle restriction in foreign communication" three unfavorable conditions; secondly, from the external environment, the strategic maintenance of China's overseas interests needs to respond to "the change of the global level", "the situation in the ground level" and "the situation of the state level" The four disadvantageous situations of "transformation" and "cultural differences at the social level"; again, from inter state interaction, the strategic maintenance of China's overseas interests faces the competition between the traditional powers and the emerging countries. That is to say, the strategic maintenance of China's overseas interests needs to be dealt with at the same time with itself, with other countries, with the region, and with the world, fourth. This chapter sums up the strategic enlightenment of the maintenance of overseas interests of major powers, summarizes the experience and lessons of the maintenance of overseas interests of the global powers. This chapter, according to the "China itself - the external world", "the emerging powers - the traditional power" contrasting with each other's logic. First, the British case. The British Empire period, the British Sea The foreign interests are all over the world, the country that has the most overseas interests and the largest scale at that time; the foreign interests of the UK are mainly faced with the resistance of the colonies, the competition of the other great powers, and the protection of the foreign interests of the UK pays attention to both internal and external, and both hard and soft, which inspires China to continue to promote the strategy of marine power and build a strong sea power. Secondly, The United States is the most prominent, most rich and influential country in the world, the interests of the United States are faced with the challenges of traditional and non-traditional security threats, and the competition of other big countries, and the core of American overseas interests lies in ensuring its global leadership, combining power, system, and culture three. It suggests that China should improve its own strength and transform it into ability in all directions, and maintain power with the power of international mechanisms and ideas. Finally, it examines the case of Japan. Japan is the second largest country in the capitalist world, the most developed economy in East Asia, and Japan's overseas interests are also faced with traditional and non-traditional security. All the threats, the competition of other big countries and other challenges; Japan's overseas interests maintenance to maximize the role of its own economy, while attaching to the United States, which inspires China to give full play to its own advantages, avoid its own disadvantages, and actively participate in international affairs. In the fifth chapter, we try to build China's strategy for maintaining overseas interests in twenty-first Century and explore the strategy of China's overseas interests. China is the way to safeguard the overseas interests of China as a new developing country. This chapter follows the logic of "target - means - influence", "concept - power - system", "State Governance - Regional Governance - Global Governance". First, the goal of China's overseas interests maintenance strategy is set. The direct goal is to guarantee the security of interests and the goal of expanding the country's development. The extension goal is to promote international governance. Secondly, the constitution of China's overseas interests maintenance strategy is discussed. Concept, power and system are the three essential core of the overseas interest maintenance strategy. The Chinese overseas interests maintenance strategy is guided by "the concept of interest sharing", and the basic principle of "the peaceful application of power power" as the basic principle. Relying on the "building of international institutional capacity" as a legal approach. Again, the impact of China's overseas interests maintenance strategy is assessed. It helps China to further develop into a "a global power", "a responsible big country", "a leading country".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D820
，
本文編號(hào)：2139187
[Abstract]:In the tide of globalization, the speed of China's integration into the world has been accelerating and the connotation of China's national interests has changed. In the country's interest structure, the proportion of China's overseas interests is rising, its status is constantly showing, and it has gradually become a key variable about China's national security, economic development and the people's welfare. The promotion of the performance of China's overseas interests highlights the significance of strategic maintenance for it. Entering the new century, facing the continuous and increasingly complex domestic and international situation, the increasing domestic interest and international interests and the trend of internalization of international interests, China urgently needs a top-level design for overseas interests and strategic planning. It is necessary for China to change its ability to adapt to the economic and social development of the country and adapt to the changes in the international political and economic pattern. It is necessary for China to change the "stimulus response" strategy in the maintenance of overseas interests, to replace it with a stable and confident system strategy, to find the right direction, to allocate resources reasonably, and to take care of the security of the interests of the sea and the development of the country. According to the steps of "strategic object - Strategic Evolution - strategic predicament - strategic reference - Strategic Design", the strategic interaction between China and the international community since the founding of new China is the main research content. Based on the basic knowledge of international relations theory, with the help of the comparison between ancient and modern, China and foreign countries, the construction of China's overseas interests maintenance strategy is systematically explored. This chapter discusses the concept, connotation and strategic value of China's overseas interests. This chapter follows the idea of "theory reality" and "concept value". First, the Chinese overseas profit is defined in accordance with the logic of "national interest - China's national interest - China's overseas interests" The Chinese national interest is the mainstay of China's overseas interests and the basis for its generation and development. China's overseas interests are "a collection of international exchanges in the process of China's rise, a collection of new and legitimate interests outside the territory of the country". The three standard of importance is divided into four types of political, economic, security and cultural types and three levels of state, enterprise and citizen. Finally, the Chinese overseas interests are systematically discussed for the survival and development of the country, the promotion of the comprehensive national strength and the strategic value of the international image and status. Chapter second, the longitudinal combing of China's overseas The evolution process of the interest maintenance strategy proposed that "the two parties of China's overseas interests maintenance strategy and expansion strategy did not synchronize, the former obviously lagged behind the latter". This chapter took the development of the maintenance strategy as the main line, followed the logic of "history reality - future" and "development strategy maintenance strategy" to analyze.1949- 2000 is the gap period of China's overseas interest maintenance strategy, which is divided into two stages with the implementation of reform and opening up. This period is divided into two stages: before 1978, China's overseas interest expansion and maintenance strategy are simultaneously missing; after 1978, the development strategy is initially formed and the strategy continues to be absent, and the "Introduction" strategy has been filled. The gap of China's overseas interest development strategy.2001-2012 year is a period of exploration for China's overseas interest maintenance strategy. With the outbreak of the international financial crisis in 2008 as the node, the period is divided into two stages: the 2001-2007 year is the stage of the development strategy continuous improvement and maintenance of strategic consciousness, and the implementation of "going out" strategy has promoted the China Sea The rapid growth of foreign interests, the national leadership also formally put forward the proposition of "maintenance of overseas interests"; the 2008-2012 year is the stage for the preliminary exploration of the strategic summary reflection and maintenance strategy. Under the background of the deterioration of the international situation, the direction of "going out" strategy has been adjusted, while Jun Liyuan has been integrated into the maintenance of overseas interests. The development of China's overseas interest maintenance strategy has been the molding period of the.2013 year. The introduction of the "one along the road" suggests that the expansion of China's overseas interests will usher in a new stage. The concept of overall security and the modernization of national governance shows that China's overseas interest maintenance war has entered the overall design track. The third chapter is a comprehensive review. This chapter examines the challenges facing China's overseas interests strategy maintenance, points out the internal problems that must be overcome, the external risk and international competition. This chapter takes "the problem risk competition" as the basic point and the "relationship thinking" as the foothold. First, the strategic maintenance of China's overseas interests is "economic development" from China itself. "Structural malpractice", "unbalance of strength in safety maintenance" and "principle restriction in foreign communication" three unfavorable conditions; secondly, from the external environment, the strategic maintenance of China's overseas interests needs to respond to "the change of the global level", "the situation in the ground level" and "the situation of the state level" The four disadvantageous situations of "transformation" and "cultural differences at the social level"; again, from inter state interaction, the strategic maintenance of China's overseas interests faces the competition between the traditional powers and the emerging countries. That is to say, the strategic maintenance of China's overseas interests needs to be dealt with at the same time with itself, with other countries, with the region, and with the world, fourth. This chapter sums up the strategic enlightenment of the maintenance of overseas interests of major powers, summarizes the experience and lessons of the maintenance of overseas interests of the global powers. This chapter, according to the "China itself - the external world", "the emerging powers - the traditional power" contrasting with each other's logic. First, the British case. The British Empire period, the British Sea The foreign interests are all over the world, the country that has the most overseas interests and the largest scale at that time; the foreign interests of the UK are mainly faced with the resistance of the colonies, the competition of the other great powers, and the protection of the foreign interests of the UK pays attention to both internal and external, and both hard and soft, which inspires China to continue to promote the strategy of marine power and build a strong sea power. Secondly, The United States is the most prominent, most rich and influential country in the world, the interests of the United States are faced with the challenges of traditional and non-traditional security threats, and the competition of other big countries, and the core of American overseas interests lies in ensuring its global leadership, combining power, system, and culture three. It suggests that China should improve its own strength and transform it into ability in all directions, and maintain power with the power of international mechanisms and ideas. Finally, it examines the case of Japan. Japan is the second largest country in the capitalist world, the most developed economy in East Asia, and Japan's overseas interests are also faced with traditional and non-traditional security. All the threats, the competition of other big countries and other challenges; Japan's overseas interests maintenance to maximize the role of its own economy, while attaching to the United States, which inspires China to give full play to its own advantages, avoid its own disadvantages, and actively participate in international affairs. In the fifth chapter, we try to build China's strategy for maintaining overseas interests in twenty-first Century and explore the strategy of China's overseas interests. China is the way to safeguard the overseas interests of China as a new developing country. This chapter follows the logic of "target - means - influence", "concept - power - system", "State Governance - Regional Governance - Global Governance". First, the goal of China's overseas interests maintenance strategy is set. The direct goal is to guarantee the security of interests and the goal of expanding the country's development. The extension goal is to promote international governance. Secondly, the constitution of China's overseas interests maintenance strategy is discussed. Concept, power and system are the three essential core of the overseas interest maintenance strategy. The Chinese overseas interests maintenance strategy is guided by "the concept of interest sharing", and the basic principle of "the peaceful application of power power" as the basic principle. Relying on the "building of international institutional capacity" as a legal approach. Again, the impact of China's overseas interests maintenance strategy is assessed. It helps China to further develop into a "a global power", "a responsible big country", "a leading country".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D820
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本文編號(hào)：2139187
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