本文選題：政治競爭 + 民主政治�。� 參考：《中共中央黨�！�2016年博士論文

【摘要】：政治競爭,顧名思義就是人類社會政治領(lǐng)域的競爭活動,按照一般理解,它應(yīng)該是伴隨著人類政治活動的出現(xiàn)就誕生了,其存續(xù)時間遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)長于民主政治的歷史,其本身也沒有過多的意識形態(tài)色彩,更多的是一種對人類政治活動內(nèi)涵的描述。但令人頗為費(fèi)解的是,這一古老而又重要的政治現(xiàn)象卻沒有多少成熟的研究成果,甚至其在現(xiàn)代政治學(xué)上的概念本身都十分模糊,這不得不說是一件十分令人遺憾的事情�；仡櫄v史,政治競爭貫穿于古今所有政體的更替興亡,也必將伴隨著未來人類政治變遷的歷程。有鑒于此,通過對政治競爭進(jìn)行分類研究并系統(tǒng)比較不同政治競爭類型的國家或地區(qū)的制度變遷與運(yùn)行情況,將有助于人們思考和解決當(dāng)今世界不同國家和地區(qū)面臨的各類政治問題,也很有可能探索出一條有別于傳統(tǒng)政治民主化視角的新的政治學(xué)研究路徑,其現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和理論意義都是十分可觀的。對于政治競爭的研究必須首先明晰其概念,這要從競爭與人類社會競爭的概念及內(nèi)涵入手,通過將競爭的普遍性特征與人類社會活動的特殊性規(guī)律相結(jié)合來進(jìn)行歸納推演。其次,要分析政治競爭與現(xiàn)代民主政治之間的關(guān)系,并且根據(jù)政治競爭的強(qiáng)度變化與現(xiàn)代民主政治的政治基礎(chǔ)之間的互動關(guān)系將其劃分為有限政治競爭和無限政治競爭,同時明確這兩類政治競爭的概念。再次,進(jìn)一步分析政治競爭的制度構(gòu)成,包括政治資源分配機(jī)制和格局、政治競爭更新機(jī)制、政治價值構(gòu)建和維持機(jī)制、政治競爭行為激勵機(jī)制等。新加坡和中國臺灣地區(qū)分別是有限政治競爭和無限政治競爭在當(dāng)今世界政治中的典型代表性區(qū)域,本文對于這兩個地區(qū)政治競爭的內(nèi)容現(xiàn)狀、形成過程、制度后果進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的分析比較。首先,筆者之所以對它們的政治競爭類型做出這樣的判斷區(qū)分,主要是依據(jù)目前新臺兩地在政體架構(gòu)、政治活動主體、政治資源分布與力量對比、政治競爭運(yùn)行現(xiàn)狀等方面的基本情況。新加坡的有限政治競爭和臺灣地區(qū)的無限政治競爭在制度構(gòu)成上也同樣差異顯著,對其進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)性的橫向比較將有助于人們更為清晰的觀察兩者差別。其次,歷史制度主義是考察分析新加坡和臺灣地區(qū)政治競爭形成過程的理想工具。以政治競爭為主要關(guān)注對象,對新臺兩地在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后的政治制度變遷歷程進(jìn)行歷史分期可以發(fā)現(xiàn),新加坡政治走過是一條“無競爭——有限競爭形成——有限競爭鞏固”的政治發(fā)展道路,而臺灣政治則是經(jīng)歷了“政治壟斷——有限競爭——無限競爭”的政治發(fā)展道路。兩者的政治競爭之所以從相似的起點(diǎn)走向了不同的發(fā)展方向,主要是由于兩者在各自制度變遷的“關(guān)鍵節(jié)點(diǎn)”上經(jīng)歷了影響因素在強(qiáng)弱構(gòu)成和時間順序上不同組合。另外,制度變遷中的主要政治行為者、路徑依賴和意外因素也是影響新加坡和臺灣地區(qū)政治競爭體制最終出現(xiàn)顯著差別的重要原因。最后,對于新加坡有限政治競爭和臺灣地區(qū)無限政治競爭的制度后果比較主要是圍繞該類型政治競爭對于民主制度的政治基礎(chǔ)、政治市場的運(yùn)行、經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的作用而展開的。通過這種比較會發(fā)現(xiàn),正是由于政治競爭模式上的差別才導(dǎo)致了20世紀(jì)90年代以后臺灣地區(qū)同新加坡在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會等領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展差距逐漸拉大。世界上沒有完美的政治制度,也沒有永恒不變的政治競爭模式。新加坡和臺灣地區(qū)政治競爭模式在未來的可能走向也十分值得關(guān)注。新加坡的有限政治競爭模式在實(shí)踐中的表現(xiàn)良好,但也存在著潛在缺陷和現(xiàn)實(shí)的脆弱性,在可預(yù)見的短時期內(nèi)將保持穩(wěn)固,但在中長期內(nèi)很有可能要經(jīng)受更多考驗(yàn)。臺灣地區(qū)的無限政治競爭模式在現(xiàn)實(shí)中已經(jīng)形成十分穩(wěn)固的維持存續(xù)條件,在可預(yù)見的時期內(nèi)都很難發(fā)生方向性的改變,而且在當(dāng)前“臺獨(dú)”勢力、民粹主義日漸上升的形勢下很有可能導(dǎo)致臺灣走向螺旋式的政治衰敗。新加坡和臺灣地區(qū)的政治競爭發(fā)展歷程與實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn),能夠比較好的幫助人們認(rèn)識政治競爭同現(xiàn)代民主政治的關(guān)系以及不同類型的政治競爭能夠?qū)φ伟l(fā)展、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、社會運(yùn)行等人類活動領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生的重要影響。對于后發(fā)國家而言,無限政治競爭無疑是十分糟糕的選擇,會給國家發(fā)展和人民生活改善增添更多障礙而非助力,而能夠保持政府效能和政治制度穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的有限政治競爭或許是一種政治發(fā)展模式的可行選擇。
[Abstract]:Political competition, as the name suggests is the competition in the field of human social and political activities, in accordance with the general understanding, it should be accompanied by the political activities of human being is born, the survival time is much longer than the democratic political history, the ideology itself is not too much, more is a kind of human political activities connotation description. But what is puzzling is that this ancient and important political phenomenon but not many mature research results, even in the concept of modern political science itself is very fuzzy, have to say this is a very regrettable thing. Historically, political competition throughout the ancient and modern all the replacement regime will rise and fall, the course will be accompanied by the future of human political change. In view of this, through the research on the classification of political competition and comparison of different types of political competition system of the country or region The institutional change and operation, will help people to think and solve all kinds of problems in today's political world in different countries and regions, is also likely to explore a different from the traditional view of political democratization of the new political science research path, its practical significance and theoretical significance are very considerable. For the study of the political competition must first clarify the concept, it should start from the concept and connotation of competition and the competition of human society, the particularity of the competition of universality and human social activities of the combination of inductive inference. Secondly, to analyze the relationship between political competition and modern democratic politics, and the is divided into limited political competition and unlimited political competition based on the relationship between the political basis of strength change of political competition and democracy, while clearly the two kinds of political competition. Read. Again, a further analysis of the political system of competition, including the political resource allocation mechanism and the pattern of political competition, update mechanism, political values construction and maintenance mechanism, political competition and incentive mechanism. China Singapore and Taiwan area are typical representative areas of limited political competition and unlimited political competition in today's world politics. The contents of the status quo, the political competition in the two areas of the formation process of the system results are analyzed and compared. First of all, the reason why their political competition types make such a judgment is mainly based on the distinction between Taiwan and the new regime in architecture, political activity subject, political resource distribution and balance of power, the basic situation political competition running status and other aspects. Singapore Limited political competition and the region of Taiwan is also in the unlimited political competition system formed on Significant differences, the structural comparison will help more people to observe the difference is clear. Secondly, historical institutionalism is an ideal tool to study political competition analysis of Singapore and Taiwan formation process. In political competition as the main concern, the new Taiwan in the course of political system changes in the Second World War the history can be found through Singapore politics is a "no competition, limited competition form - limited competition consolidate the political development path, and the politics of Taiwan is experiencing the" political monopoly, limited competition - unlimited competition "the road of political development. The political competition is similar to the starting point the different development direction, is mainly due to the institutional change in their respective" key nodes "experienced factors in composition and strength Different combinations of sequence of time. In addition, the main political actors in institutional change, an important reason for the path dependence and accidental factors also influence the political competition system of Singapore and Taiwan finally appeared significant difference. Finally, the system of the consequences for Singapore Limited political competition and Taiwan District unlimited political competition is mainly based on the comparison of political political types the competition for democracy, political market, and expand the role of the economic and social development. Through this comparison will find that it is because of the difference of political competition pattern has led to the Taiwan area after 1990s with Singapore in the political, economic, social and other fields of the development gap gradually widening. There is no perfect political system the world is not an eternal political competition mode. Singapore and Taiwan in the political competition mode in the future can be To is also very worthy of attention. Singapore Limited political competition model in practice is good, but there are also potential vulnerability defects and reality, in a short period of time in the foreseeable will remain stable, but in the long term is likely to undergo more tests. Unlimited political competition mode in Taiwan area has formed a very stable to maintain the conditions of existence in reality, in the foreseeable period are difficult to occur change in direction, but also in the "Taiwan independence" forces, the populist rising situation is likely to lead Taiwan to the spiral of political decline. The development process of political competition and practice experience of Singapore and Taiwan area, better able to help people understand the political competition relations with modern democratic politics as well as different types of political competition to political development, economic development, social operation etc. Influence of human activities in the field. For the developing countries, unlimited political competition is undoubtedly a very bad choice for national development and the improvement of people's life to add more obstacles rather than power, and to maintain the government efficiency and stable operation of the political system of limited political competition may be possible to select a mode of political development.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D733.9;D675.8

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本文編號：1732678