本文關(guān)鍵詞： 老齡產(chǎn)業(yè) 市場化 產(chǎn)業(yè)化 開發(fā)潛力 養(yǎng)老服務(wù)業(yè)　出處：《吉林大學》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：在整個21世紀上半葉,中國雖然不是世界老齡化程度最嚴重的國家,卻是老齡人口最多的國家。當前,隨著中國人口老齡化程度的不斷提高,由此產(chǎn)生的社會經(jīng)濟問題已成為政府、學界乃至社會各界高度關(guān)注的焦點。近年來,中央相繼出臺相關(guān)政策和意見以應對人口老齡化問題,“十三五”規(guī)劃綱要明確提出“推動老齡事業(yè)全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展,健全養(yǎng)老體系”。習近平總書記也進一步強調(diào)要:“堅持應對人口老齡化和促進經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展相結(jié)合;努力挖掘人口老齡化給國家發(fā)展帶來的活力和機遇�！秉h和政府的高度重視和支持,必將推動我國老齡事業(yè)、產(chǎn)業(yè)的進一步發(fā)展。為此,我們應具備經(jīng)濟運作的高度自覺理性,運用超前的市場意識把握老齡市場變化,積極開展老齡市場的全方位探索。面對日益突出的老齡化問題,中國亟需發(fā)展老齡產(chǎn)業(yè),通過政府引導、市場化運作的方式來解決當前的老齡化問題。目前中國老齡人口規(guī)模居世界之首,而未來將支撐全球最大的養(yǎng)老(養(yǎng)生)產(chǎn)業(yè)群。因此,在中國特色的市場經(jīng)濟下,中國的老齡市場化發(fā)展大有可為,快速增加的老齡人口規(guī)模以及其所帶來的穩(wěn)定的需求,政府對可控資源的調(diào)配能力,都為老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展奠定了堅實的市場基礎(chǔ),也為老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展帶來光明的發(fā)展前景。針對上述情況,本文探討我國老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)的市場化潛力,并從宏觀的市場化政策研究與具體的市場化策略兩個維度對我國老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)市場化潛力進行研究,既能在一定程度上增強相關(guān)研究的理論基礎(chǔ),又能為當前老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型及政府的政策制定提供有益的指導,可以說具有重要的理論價值和現(xiàn)實意義。老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)問題涉及到經(jīng)濟學、社會學、醫(yī)學、管理學等學科,本文是基于社會主義市場經(jīng)濟理論,運用經(jīng)濟分析手段,研究老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)市場化發(fā)展問題,主要涉及的內(nèi)容以經(jīng)濟學為主,并輔以一些社會學的相關(guān)研究。通過文獻的梳理與對比分析,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)在中國實際還是一個新興產(chǎn)業(yè),其研究側(cè)重于認知介紹與發(fā)展趨勢的研究以及國外經(jīng)驗的引入等方面。雖然近期研究成果已經(jīng)較以往有了進一步的深化,但更多的是從社會學及政策性的角度來看待問題,缺乏系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟學分析與策劃,有關(guān)文獻研究內(nèi)容研究方向比較發(fā)散,理論研究并不系統(tǒng)。而西方的研究側(cè)重于用經(jīng)濟學以及經(jīng)濟交換的角度來看待老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)相關(guān)問題,但西方并無與中國傳統(tǒng)孝道文化背景,其消費方式和社會保障制度也與中國并不相同,所以其在考慮產(chǎn)品設(shè)計、市場開發(fā)實踐方面雖可以借鑒,卻是中國所不能復制的,有些研究并不符合中國國情,是需要我們采取批判的態(tài)度看待。為了更清楚、更深入地研究中國老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展演進過程及其成長性,正文第一部分,即論文的第二章,首先對“老齡化”、“高齡化”、“空巢化”、“市場化”“產(chǎn)業(yè)化”等概念進行了解讀,將老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)與養(yǎng)老服務(wù)業(yè)與養(yǎng)生服務(wù)業(yè)的內(nèi)涵進行了辨析,還有將老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)與老齡事業(yè)的范疇進行了區(qū)別。其次,結(jié)合“三維度產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈”等理論,提出了老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)的“五維度”界定。隨后,對有代表性的幾個相關(guān)理論進行回顧性研究。最后,在對中國老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)特色的研究中,分析了中國從老齡事業(yè)到老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展過程以及中國式養(yǎng)老方式形成的邏輯,認為中國老齡化的特有問題包括有未富先老、定位偏差、發(fā)展不平衡、城鄉(xiāng)老齡化水平倒置等問題。在現(xiàn)代老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)營模式及其市場運營的國際經(jīng)驗方面,即論文的第三章,首先對老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)的現(xiàn)代經(jīng)營模式進行概括,將經(jīng)營模式分為政府包辦模式、純粹市場模式以及政府主導的市場發(fā)展模式。同時,對西方主要的五種產(chǎn)業(yè)運作動態(tài)進行了總結(jié),分別是“雙業(yè)并存”的運作方式、“社區(qū)主、機構(gòu)輔”的運作方式、“倒按揭”的運作方式、“契約式”的運作方式以及“ccrc”的運作方式。最后,本文還對老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)市場運行國別研究,選取了較具代表性的國家,即美國、歐洲的德國以及日本。對于中國老齡市場化潛力分析,是本文重點研究的內(nèi)容之一,即論文的第四章,首先分析了中國老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀,同時對老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)價值鏈的經(jīng)濟貢獻進行計量分析,并得出相應的結(jié)論。其次,本文運用系統(tǒng)動力學模型對老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)的市場規(guī)模進行了預測,并根據(jù)預測進行了相應的判斷。最后,運用政治經(jīng)濟學的分析范式,從政府、社會、市場三個角度,分別從需求與供給兩個維度探討了我國老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)的市場化潛力。成熟的產(chǎn)業(yè)離不開科學的頂層設(shè)計、完善的政策體系支持,特別是老齡產(chǎn)業(yè),更與政府的政策有著密不可分的關(guān)系。對于老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,政府不僅應給予政策的支持、資金的資助,更應該在政策進行引導并實施監(jiān)督。新經(jīng)濟是建立在信息技術(shù)革命和制度創(chuàng)新基礎(chǔ)上的經(jīng)濟。在中國老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)市場化政策研究這一部分,即論文的第五章,分別從新經(jīng)濟下運作老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)的政策需求、中國老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)的市場化政策研究以及發(fā)展中國式老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)市場化運作的政策安排三個方面進行深入研究。其中值得關(guān)注的是,在政策研究方面,本文以老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)中的投融資政策為研究重點。在市場化政策建議的方面上設(shè)計了一些創(chuàng)新性方案:一是制定分級化的服務(wù)券補貼政策;二是制定差別化的產(chǎn)業(yè)細分政策;三是制定與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)融合發(fā)展的具體產(chǎn)業(yè)政策。另外,本文還提出一些關(guān)聯(lián)型或替代性的政策建議。事實上,產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展分為宏觀與微觀兩個維度,前者的重點在政策層面上,而微觀的重點則在為老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)具體的策略方式尋找出路。從市場化的內(nèi)生因素角度講,涉及資本、勞動和技術(shù)等要素;外生因素主要是制度或政策因素。第五章是從外生因素,即政策層面上進行了討論,而本章研究的重點在于從內(nèi)生因素角度,探討老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)實現(xiàn)市場化的路徑或策略。論文的第六章,將結(jié)合國外的經(jīng)驗,圍繞資本、勞動和技術(shù)等核心問題,對中國未來的老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)市場化策略進行研究,提出了八條推進市場化的建議,分別是:(1)推進政府職能轉(zhuǎn)換與市場轉(zhuǎn)型;(2)發(fā)展老齡金融市場;(3)放活民營養(yǎng)老服務(wù)機構(gòu)的運營;(4)推行老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)集群開發(fā);(5)開發(fā)生態(tài)老齡產(chǎn)業(yè);(6)引導老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)的體驗式運營;(7)促進老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的融合;(8)推動科技型養(yǎng)老、養(yǎng)生產(chǎn)業(yè)的市場化。
[Abstract]:In the first half of twenty-first Century, China although not the most serious world aging countries, is the most populous country in aging. At present, with the aging population of China constantly improve the level of social and economic problems, the government has become the focus in the academic circle, and society attention. In recent years, the Central Committee has the introduction of relevant policies and suggestions to deal with the problem of aging population, "13th Five-Year" plan clearly put forward to promote the coordinated and sustainable development of the cause of aging, improve the pension system. "General Secretary Xi Jinping also stressed:" to further adhere to cope with population aging and promote economic and social development of the combination; strive to tap the vigor and opportunities of population aging bring to the development of the country. "The attention and support of the party and the government of China will promote the cause of aging, the further development of the industry. Therefore, we should have Preparation of the economic operation of the height of rational consciousness, grasp the aging changes in the market with the advance of market awareness, and actively carry out all-round exploration of aging market. Facing the increasingly prominent problem of the aging of the Chinese, the urgent need for the development of the aging industry, through the government guidance and market operation way to solve the problem of aging current. At present Chinese aging population scale the first of the world, and the future will support the world's largest pension (Health) industry group. Therefore, the China characteristics of the market economy, the development of the aging market Chinese rapid increase in the aging population have a brilliant future, and its scale brings stable demand, the government allocation ability of controllable resources, have laid the foundation for the market solid foundation for the development of the aging industry, also bring a bright future for the rapid development of the aging industry. In view of the above situation, this paper discusses the old age industry market The potential, and from the two dimensions of macro market policy research and specific marketing strategies to study the potential of China's aging industry market, not only can enhance the theoretical basis of related research in a certain extent, but also can provide useful guidance for the current transformation of aging industry and government policy, can be said to have an important theoretical value and practical significance. The problem of aging industry involves economics, sociology, medicine, management science, this article is based on the theory of socialist market economy, by means of economic analysis, the research of aging industry market development issues, mainly related to the content based on economics, sociology and some related research supplemented. By combing the literature and comparative analysis, we can find that in actual China aging industry is still a new industry, the research focuses on the research and development trend of cognition The experience of foreign countries and other aspects of the introduction. Although recent research results have been compared with the previous has been further deepened, but more is to look at the problem from the angle of sociology and policy, the lack of systematic economic analysis and planning, the related research literature, research direction is divergent, theory research and the research focus on the western system. In exchange for the economics and economic perspective on issues related to the aging industry, but there is no China and western traditional filial piety culture background, the consumption pattern and the social security system and Chinese is not the same, so the consideration of product design, market development practice although we can learn, is Chinese cannot be reproduced, some studies do not with China conditions, we need to adopt a critical attitude. In order to be more clear, more in-depth study of the development of Chinese aging industry evolution process and The growth of the first part, namely the second chapter of the paper, the first of the "aging", "aging" and "empty nest", "market" and "industrialization" of the concept of interpretation, analyzes the connotation of the aging industry and pension services and health services, there will be the aging industry and the cause of aging the category of difference. Secondly, combined with the "three-dimensional industrial chain" theory, put forward the aging industry "five dimension" is defined. Then, on several representative theories were studied. Finally, the research on the characteristics of Chinese aging industry, analyzes the formation of the development process of Chinese from the cause of aging and aging industry to China type pension logic, that specific problems of aging China include not rich first old positioning deviation, uneven development of urban and rural aging level inversion problems in modern. The international experience of aging industry and its market operation management mode, namely the third chapter, firstly, the modern management pattern of aging industry will be summarized, operating mode can be divided into government arranged mode, pure market mode and government led market development. At the same time, to the west of the five major industrial operation dynamic are summarized. Are the "double industry coexist" mode of operation, the main body of community, the auxiliary "mode of operation, the" reverse mortgage "mode of operation, the" contractual "mode of operation and the" CCRC "mode of operation. Finally, the study of aging industry market operation, selected the representative European countries, namely the United States, Germany and Japan. Analysis of the China aging market potential, is one of the key research content of this article, namely the fourth chapter, firstly analyzes the development of China's aging industry The status quo, and economic contribution to the aging industry value chain analysis, and draws the corresponding conclusion. Secondly, this paper uses the market scale of the system dynamics model of aging industry is forecasted, and the corresponding judgment according to the prediction. Finally, using the political economics analysis paradigm, from the government, society, three the perspective of the market, the two dimensions from the demand and supply of the market potential of China's aging industry. Mature industry cannot do without the support of scientific top-level design, improve the policy system, especially the aging industry, and government policy has a close relationship. For the development of the aging industry, the government should not only give policy support, funding, should be more in policy guidance and supervision of the implementation of the new economy is built on the basis of the information technology revolution and innovation system in Chinese aging economy. The policy of industrial market research in this part is the fifth chapter, separately operation policy demand of aging industry from the new economy, China aging industry market research and development policy China type aging industry market operation policy three aspects were researched. The concern is that in policy research in this paper, the aging industry in investment and financing policy as the research focus. Policy recommendations in the market on the design of some innovative solutions: one is the service subsidies policy classification; two is the industrial subdivision policy differentiation; the three is to develop specific industry policy and development. In addition, the integration of the Internet and the paper also proposes some related or alternative policy recommendations. In fact, the development of the industry is divided into macro and micro two dimensions, the former focus on the policy level, and micro focus Is to find a way out in the strategy for aging industry specific. From the market perspective of endogenous factors, involving capital, labor and technology; external factors are mainly the system or policy factors. The fifth chapter is from the external factors, namely the policy level is discussed, and the key point of this chapter is from the inside student factors, study the market path or strategy of aging industry. In the sixth chapter, combined with foreign experience, around the capital, labor and technology and other core issues, to study the Chinese future aging industry market strategy, put forward eight suggestions to promote the market, namely: (1) to promote the transformation of government functions and market transformation; (2) the development of the aging financial market; (3) the civil service organizations for elderly operation; (4) the implementation of aging industry cluster development; (5) the ecological development of aging industry; (6) to guide the experience of aging industry. Camping; (7) promoting the integration of the aging industry chain and the Internet; (8) promoting the technology based pension and the marketing of the health industry.

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F719;D669.6
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本文編號：1498233