本文關(guān)鍵詞： 職業(yè)分割 職業(yè)隔離 戶籍歧視 工資差異 勞動力市場分割　出處：《首都經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：在市場經(jīng)濟環(huán)境中,職業(yè)本身對勞動者的知識和技能有相應的要求,工資是勞動價值的反映,勞動能力的差別導致了工資的差異,處于勞動力市場較高層次的部門和職業(yè)不會接受低人力資本存量的勞動力。隨著我國市場化改革的深入,體制性的障礙將會越來越削弱,因勞動力異質(zhì)性而形成的勞動力市場的職業(yè)分割將成為一種重要的勞動力市場分割形式。但我們知道中國勞動力市場分割的根源在于以戶籍制度為主的一系列的制度安排,尤其是在我國由農(nóng)業(yè)社會向工業(yè)化社會的轉(zhuǎn)型過程中,由內(nèi)生性經(jīng)濟因素引起的產(chǎn)業(yè)和職業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級轉(zhuǎn)型的過程中,以戶籍制度為代表的制度性和社會性因素與勞動力市場職業(yè)分割相互交織,不同戶籍勞動者在不同層級職業(yè)上存在明顯的隔離的現(xiàn)象。本文認為離清我國勞動力市場的職業(yè)分割的程度、是否存在職業(yè)的戶籍隔離以及職業(yè)分割及戶籍隔離對工資差異的影響,對了解我國勞動力市場的運行狀況、制定正確的勞動力市場政策、促進勞動生產(chǎn)率的提高以及促進就業(yè)和收入的公平有著重要積極的作用。本文首先在了解中國職業(yè)發(fā)展概況的基礎(chǔ)上采用聚類分析方法對我國勞動力市場職業(yè)分割的現(xiàn)狀進行了測度和分析,并且采用多元離散選擇模型對影響勞動力職業(yè)獲得的因素進行了實證分析。同時對不同層級職業(yè)間工資差異進行了比較,采用樣本選擇糾偏工資方程以及基于分位數(shù)回歸的Melly分解法對職業(yè)工資的決定機制及職業(yè)工資差異形成的原因進行了理論和實證分析。其次,在職業(yè)分割的基礎(chǔ)上采用鄧肯指數(shù)等方法對職業(yè)的戶籍隔離狀況進行了測度及分析;并且從生產(chǎn)力及產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展、社會分工等內(nèi)生性經(jīng)濟因素以及制度性、社會性因素等方面對我國職業(yè)戶籍隔離的形成進行了理論解釋;同時,還從城鄉(xiāng)勞動者人力資本投資兩極化趨勢和教育的家庭和社會再生產(chǎn)機制兩個方面分析了職業(yè)戶籍隔離的維持機制。文章還以不同戶籍勞動者的工資為研究對象,采用基于Appleton分解的改進方法,從城鄉(xiāng)戶籍隔離(城鎮(zhèn)戶籍與農(nóng)村戶籍)和區(qū)域戶籍隔離(本地戶籍和外地戶籍)兩個角度,實證了由戶籍歧視引起的職業(yè)獲得障礙造成的工資差異以及職業(yè)內(nèi)“同工不同酬”造成的工資差異分別占到總的戶籍別工資差異的比重。通過以上的研究,本文得出以下結(jié)論:①在市場經(jīng)濟體制中,因勞動力異質(zhì)性而形成的勞動力市場的職業(yè)分割將成為一種重要的勞動力市場分割類型,勞動者素質(zhì)和人力資本水平在職業(yè)獲得和工資收入中發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。無論是城鎮(zhèn)戶籍與農(nóng)村戶籍勞動者,還是本地和外地戶籍勞動者之間的工資差異有70%以上是因為勞動力本身的人力資本和自然稟賦等個體特征差異造成的。②我國的勞動力市場上仍然存在比較嚴重的職業(yè)戶籍隔離現(xiàn)象,職業(yè)的進入障礙對戶籍別工資的影響要遠遠大于職業(yè)內(nèi)“同工不同酬”引起的工資差異。這其中對農(nóng)村戶籍勞動者的歧視引起的職業(yè)獲得障礙造成的工資差異占到總工資差異的28.41%;對外地戶籍勞動者的歧視引起的職業(yè)獲得障礙造成的工資差異占到總工資差異的15.55%,對本地戶籍勞動者的優(yōu)惠為6.31%。③職業(yè)間的工資水平差異較大,但職業(yè)間的工資差異絕大部分并不是人力資本水平等個體特征造成的,而是包含了制度性和社會性歧視等因素的影響。④職業(yè)上的城鄉(xiāng)隔離要遠遠大于區(qū)域隔離,城鎮(zhèn)比農(nóng)村戶籍勞動者在職業(yè)獲得和工資收入上更有優(yōu)勢;對外地戶籍勞動者的歧視仍然是存在的,在無歧視狀態(tài)下,外地戶籍勞動者應該獲得更高層級的職業(yè)和工資收入。⑤我國職業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)中農(nóng)業(yè)相關(guān)職業(yè)比重偏大,專業(yè)技術(shù)類職業(yè)比重偏小,職業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的現(xiàn)代化和高級化程度還相對較低,職業(yè)分割在我國的最直接的表現(xiàn)是低層級職業(yè)勞動者的比重較大,并且難以向高層級職業(yè)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In the market economy environment, occupation itself on workers' knowledge and skills have the corresponding requirements, reflects the value of labor wages, labor ability differences led to differences in wages in the labor market, the higher level departments and occupation will not accept low human capital stock labor. With the deepening of market reform, system barriers will be increasingly weakened, occupation due to the formation of labor heterogeneity and segmentation of the labor market will become an important form of labor market segmentation. But we know that the root of Chinese labor market segmentation is a series of institutional arrangements based on the household registration system, especially the transition from agricultural society to industrial society. In our country, caused by endogenous economic factors of industry and occupation structure transformation process, represented by the household registration system and agency system Will the factor of labor market segmentation occupation intertwined, different household workers there are obvious segregation in different levels of occupation on the phenomenon. This paper argues that from the Qing occupation of China's labor market segmentation degree, whether there is influence of household occupation isolation and occupation segmentation and isolation of the household wage differences, to understand the operation condition of our country the labor market, formulate correct labor market policies to promote the improvement of labor productivity and plays an important positive role in promoting employment and income equality. Firstly, based on understanding the situation of occupation development on Chinese used cluster analysis to our country occupation status of labor market segmentation were measured and analyzed, and using multiple discrete select the model of the empirical analysis of influencing factors of labor obtain occupation. At the same time for different levels of occupation wage The differences were compared with the sample selection correction equation and the reasons for the formation of occupation wage wage decision mechanism and occupation wage differentials quantile regression based on Melly decomposition method of theoretical and empirical analysis. Secondly, based on the household occupation segmentation segregation Duncan index method to measure and analysis of occupation from the productivity and the development of the industry; and, by economic factors and the system of social division of labor, social factors such as the formation of our country occupation census register isolation were theoretically explained; at the same time, also from the two aspects of the polarization of the human capital investment of urban and rural workers trend and education of family and social reproduction mechanism analysis of maintaining mechanism of occupation Hukou isolation. The article also to different household workers' wages as the research object, using the improved method based on Appleton decomposition, from the city Rural household isolation (urban and rural Hukou household registration hukou) and regional isolation (local household registration and non permanent) two aspects of the empirical wage differences caused by the discrimination of census register and obtain the obstacles caused by the occupation occupation within the "equal pay for equal work" caused respectively accounted for total household wage differences don't proportion. Through the above research, this paper draws the following conclusions: 1. In the market economic system, occupation segmentation due to the formation of labor heterogeneity and the labor market will become an important type of labor market segmentation, the quality of workers and the level of human capital is playing an increasingly important role in the occupation and income in both towns. Household and rural household workers, or wage differences between local and migrant workers have more than 70% because of labor's human capital and natural resources Cause such differences in individual characteristics. Occupation census register isolation phenomenon still exists in our country, the labor market, wage differences impact on household occupation entry barriers do not pay is much greater than the occupation of "equal pay for equal work" caused. The wage difference of rural household labor discrimination caused by occupation was the obstacles caused by the differences of the total wages accounted for 28.41%; migrant workers wage differences on discrimination caused by the occupation for the obstacles caused by the total wage difference is 15.55%, the local household registration workers preferential wages 6.31%. occupation as the difference between the large, but the wage differences between occupation most is not the level of human capital individual characteristics such as cause, but includes the effect of institutional and social discrimination and other factors. The occupation of the urban and rural isolation is much greater than the regional isolation ,鍩庨晣姣斿啘鏉戞埛綾嶅姵鍔ㄨ，

本文編號：1451430