本文關(guān)鍵詞：裕固族形成史研究　出處：《蘭州大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 裕固族 黃頭回紇 豳王家族

【摘要】：同新疆維吾爾族一樣,裕固族來源于古代北方的回紇(回鶻)。雖然只有萬余人,但卻有分屬阿爾泰語系突厥語族和蒙古語族的兩種母語,有著同源于阿爾泰游牧文化圈的文化體系。其形成歷史非常復(fù)雜,長期困擾著西北民族史研究界,成為一道難以解答的歷史難題。近年來,隨著蒙古豳王家族歷史等相關(guān)研究的深入,為裕固族形成歷史研究提供了有力的支撐,為廓清其形成歷史創(chuàng)造了條件。裕固族先祖回鶻原生活于蒙古高原,曾于744年以斡耳朵八里建立汗國。840年,汗國崩潰,其中一支回鶻殘部投奔吐蕃統(tǒng)治下的祁連山區(qū)和河西走廊地區(qū),先后建立甘州回鶻和沙州回鶻政權(quán)。他們一方面秉承祖先以游牧為主的生活方式,一方面受當(dāng)?shù)嘏f有生業(yè)方式的影響,漸知農(nóng)業(yè)。宗教信仰上,在濃厚的薩滿信仰的基礎(chǔ)上逐漸信仰了漢傳佛教,這一支河西回鶻后裔后來就以黃頭回紇和撒里畏吾之名活動在甘青新交界的地方,他們就是今天裕固人最直接的先民。13世紀(jì)初,蒙古征服河西走廊,河西回鶻聚居的沙、瓜、肅三州歸順蒙古。忽必烈于1260年繼蒙古大汗位后,以海都為首的西北蒙古諸王發(fā)動叛亂,對抗中央,西北形勢岌岌可危。1276年,因不滿諸王叛亂,察哈臺第四代孫出伯、哈班兄弟叛離察哈臺汗國而投于忽必烈麾下,受到元庭重用,駐守河西及周邊地區(qū),形成以肅州、沙州、瓜州和哈密為中心的“豳王兀魯思”,而這里正是撒里畏兀兒地面,因此以回鶻王室藥羅葛家族為首的撒里畏兀兒集團(tuán),開始接受了蒙古黃金家族后裔豳王的統(tǒng)治,兩個族群在西北一隅雜居混牧,開始了時(shí)至今日水乳交融的融合歷史,在漫長的歷史發(fā)展中,形成了今天這樣操阿爾泰語系東(蒙古語族)西(突厥語族)部兩種母語的民族共同體——裕固族。裕固族的形成,首先取決于回鶻與蒙古兩個民族的融合,對于裕固族的形成而言,回鶻與蒙古可謂核心因素。蒙古豳王轄區(qū)內(nèi),回鶻勢力比較強(qiáng)大且文化發(fā)達(dá),對河西地區(qū)蒙古人產(chǎn)生了重大影響,蒙古貴族在文化上逐步回鶻化,并支持回鶻文化的發(fā)展,為二者的融合提供了條件。長期的水乳交融與文化上的趨近,使二者最終融為一體,并最終形成了具有特色的裕固民族;其次,青藏高原高度發(fā)展的藏文化,尤其是藏傳佛教對裕固族形成的影響既深且巨,不僅把裕固族納入了整個藏傳佛教文化圈,而且其影響力深入到了當(dāng)今裕固人生活的方方面面,對裕固族傳統(tǒng)文化的形成有著重要的作用;其三,土族因素與裕固族的形成也是不可忽視的。在安定衛(wèi)殘破之后,部眾都游徙至祁連山南北兩麓的廣闊地帶,分別融于裕固族或土族之中。
[Abstract]:Like Xinjiang Uygur, Yugur comes from Huihe (Uighur) in the north of ancient times. Although there are only ten thousand people, there are two mother tongues belonging to the Turkic and Mongolian languages of the Altai language family. With the same cultural system originated from Altai nomadic cultural circle, its formation history is very complex, which has long troubled the research circle of northwest national history, and has become a difficult historical problem in recent years. With the further study of the history of the Bing-Wang family of Mongolia, it provides a powerful support for the study of the formation history of the Yugur ethnic group, and creates conditions for clarifying its formation history. The Uighur ancestors of the Yugur nationality lived in the Mongolian plateau. The khanate was founded in 744 by Wulerbali. In 840, the khanate collapsed and one of the Uighur remnants defected to the Qilian Mountains and the Hexi Corridor under Tubo rule. The Uighur of Ganzhou and the Uighur of Shazhou were established successively. On the one hand, they inherited the nomadic lifestyle of their ancestors, on the other hand, they were influenced by the old local way of life and property, and they gradually became aware of agriculture and religious beliefs. On the basis of strong Shaman belief, gradually believed in the Han Buddhism, this Hexi Uighur descendants later on in the name of Huang Tou Huihe and Sali fear me activities at the new border between Gansu and Qing. They are the most direct ancestors of today's Yugu people. At the beginning of the 13th century, Mongolia conquered the Hexi Corridor, the sand, melon, and Susan prefectures inhabited by the Hexi Uighur. Hu Bilie succeeded the Mongol Khan position in 1260. The northwest Mongolian kings led by Haidu launched a rebellion against the central government, and the situation in the northwest was precarious. In 1276, because of dissatisfaction with the kings' rebellion, the 4th generations of Tsahatai went out of town. The Haban brothers defected from Cha Hat Khan and voted under Hu Bilie, who were reused by Yuan Ting, stationed in Hexi and its surrounding areas, and formed "Bin Udor Lu Si" centered on Suzhou, Shazhou, Guazhou and Hami. And this is the Sharivvor vulgar ground, so the Uighur royal family led by the Luo GE family, began to accept the ruling of the Mongolian gold family descendant King Bin, the two groups in the northwest corner mixed pastoral. Began to today's fusion history, in the long history of development. The formation of the two mother tongues of the Eastern (Mongolian) West (Turkic) Ministry of Altaic language, the formation of the Yugur ethnic group, depends first of all on the integration of the Uighur and the Mongolian nationalities. For the formation of the Yugur Uighur and Mongolia is the core factor. In the Mongolian Bin area the Uighur forces are strong and the culture is developed which has a great influence on the Mongols in the Hexi region. Mongolian aristocrats gradually in the cultural Uighur, and support the development of Uighur culture, for the integration of the two conditions, long-term integration and cultural convergence, so that the final integration of the two. And finally formed a unique Yugu nationality; Secondly, Tibetan culture, especially Tibetan Buddhism, which is highly developed in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, has a deep and huge influence on the formation of Yugur, and not only brings Yugur into the whole Tibetan Buddhist culture circle. And its influence goes deep into all aspects of Yugur people's life, and plays an important role in the formation of Yugur traditional culture. Third, the formation of the Yugur nationality and the Tu nationality factor can not be ignored. After the breakage of the stability and protection, the whole group swam to the vast area of the northern and southern foothills of the Qilian Mountains and merged into the Yugur nationality or the Tu nationality respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K28
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本文編號：1363781