發(fā)布時間：2017-12-28 12:13

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：自然資源財產(chǎn)權(quán)的制度構(gòu)建　出處：《西南財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 自然資源 自然資源財產(chǎn)權(quán) 市場配置資源 資源產(chǎn)品采掘權(quán) 生態(tài)價值

【摘要】：本論文通過對我國自然資源財產(chǎn)權(quán)相關(guān)理論與實踐的研究,概括了我國現(xiàn)行制度中存在的主要問題：重名義的國家所有,輕實質(zhì)的資源保護；重靜態(tài)的物權(quán)歸屬,輕動態(tài)的資源流轉(zhuǎn)；重公權(quán)的國家干預(yù),輕私法的市場規(guī)制。這些問題的存在,導(dǎo)致環(huán)境污染加劇、資源浪費和破壞嚴重、資源的社會效益和經(jīng)濟效益偏低等嚴重后果。造成這些問題的具體原因是：經(jīng)營性和公益性自然資源沒有有效區(qū)分,自然資源的行政管理和經(jīng)營管理混同；市場在資源配置中的決定性作用還沒有充分發(fā)揮；自然資源的所有權(quán)人主體虛位；自然資源的生態(tài)價值沒有納入資源的價值體系等。在進行原因分析的基礎(chǔ)上本文從宏觀框架上提出構(gòu)建以“明晰權(quán)利屬性,厘清權(quán)利歸屬；規(guī)范交易秩序,合理配置資源；維護社會公平,實現(xiàn)持續(xù)發(fā)展”為目標定位的多元、開放的自然資源財產(chǎn)權(quán)制度,并在類型化研究的基礎(chǔ)上對這一制度進行體系化觀察。本文的重點之一是通過對國有自然資源進行公益性和經(jīng)營性(即公物和私物)的類型劃分,堅持在市場配置資源的過程中構(gòu)建清晰的自然資源財產(chǎn)權(quán)體系。這就要求自然資源進入市場時要充分體現(xiàn)其資源價值,包括經(jīng)濟價值和生態(tài)價值。同時,實現(xiàn)市場配置資源離不開明晰的自然資源財產(chǎn)權(quán)界定和規(guī)范有序的財產(chǎn)權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn),這些都需要在法治保障的基礎(chǔ)上進行。對于公益性自然資源,應(yīng)該在明晰資源屬性和權(quán)利歸屬的前提下實現(xiàn)其最大限度服務(wù)社會的公益職能。本文的重點之二是對現(xiàn)行物權(quán)體系進行重構(gòu),將對物采掘類自然資源的使用權(quán)界定為“資源產(chǎn)品采掘權(quán)”,以還原其權(quán)利本質(zhì),使資源價值在資源產(chǎn)品中得以體現(xiàn),并解決傳統(tǒng)用益物權(quán)不能有效詮釋的尷尬局面。本文重點之三是借鑒域外經(jīng)驗,將與自然資源生態(tài)價值相關(guān)的生態(tài)補償權(quán)、自然保護地役權(quán)、排污權(quán)、碳排放權(quán)等權(quán)利納入自然資源財產(chǎn)權(quán)體系,構(gòu)建多元、開放的自然資源財產(chǎn)權(quán)。本文第一章主要論述了自然資源的基本理論。首先,從理論上對自然資源的概念、范圍及其類型進行了界定,并對資源與自然資源共同具有的稀缺性特征進行了歸納。其次,分析了自然資源的社會價值和經(jīng)濟價值。自然資源的經(jīng)濟價值取決于其稀缺性,這就決定了要充分運用市場規(guī)律以實現(xiàn)資源的有效利用和保護。在市場經(jīng)濟之下,市場應(yīng)該在資源配置中起決定性作用,而市場發(fā)揮決定性作用的前提是清晰規(guī)范的財產(chǎn)權(quán)制度。第三,本章初步分析了自然資源財產(chǎn)權(quán)制度的起源、發(fā)展及自然資源財產(chǎn)權(quán)的類型,尤其是重點研究了從羅馬法的自然資源公有物制度到大陸法系的自然資源物權(quán)制度和英美法系的公共信托制度。本文第二章主要概括了我國現(xiàn)行自然資源財產(chǎn)權(quán)制度中存在的問題并分析了其原因。我國現(xiàn)行法律制度對實現(xiàn)資源保護和促進經(jīng)濟發(fā)展起到重要作用,但是,不容回避地也存在諸多上述現(xiàn)實問題,對這些問題及其原因的剖析,為自然資源法律制度改革指明了方向。首先,需要明確國有自然資源的所有權(quán)人和管理人,各司其職；其次,需要根據(jù)資源的公益性和經(jīng)營性實行不同的法律制度；第三,充分發(fā)揮市場機制在經(jīng)營性自然資源的配置中的決定性作用,第四,將自然資源的生態(tài)價值納入資源的價值體系。本文第三章首先歸納了構(gòu)建我國自然資源財產(chǎn)權(quán)制度的目標定位,主要包括“明晰權(quán)利屬性,厘清權(quán)利歸屬；合理配置資源,規(guī)范交易秩序；維護社會公平,實現(xiàn)持續(xù)發(fā)展”。其次,從三個方面闡釋了我國自然資源財產(chǎn)權(quán)制度構(gòu)建的原則：經(jīng)濟效益和社會效益相結(jié)合原則、市場配置資源原則和可持續(xù)發(fā)展原則。第三,對在類型化基礎(chǔ)上的自然資源財產(chǎn)權(quán)的權(quán)利構(gòu)成進行分析,其權(quán)利構(gòu)成包括三個方面：一是名實相符的所有權(quán)體系,二是多元、開放的使用權(quán)體系,三是吸納與生態(tài)價值相關(guān)的財產(chǎn)權(quán)作為自然資源財產(chǎn)權(quán)體系的新成員。本文第四章以類型化的法學(xué)研究方法為手段,對自然資源財產(chǎn)權(quán)構(gòu)建的相關(guān)理論問題進行了深入分析。首先,研究了經(jīng)營性和公益性自然資源的類型劃分及其積極意義。由于傳統(tǒng)理論沒有此種類型劃分,所以導(dǎo)致公益性自然資源的公共服務(wù)職能發(fā)揮不力的同時,經(jīng)營性自然資源不能以資源資本的形式進入市場,實現(xiàn)資源的經(jīng)濟價值。其次,對國家所有權(quán)及自然資源國家所有權(quán)相關(guān)理論進行了研究,認為之所以存在國家所有權(quán)主體虛位的問題,是因為傳統(tǒng)觀念堅持國家所有權(quán)“唯一主體論”,以及國家所有權(quán)“公權(quán)不公”和“私權(quán)不私”,所以改革的方向就是將經(jīng)營性自然資源投入市場,實現(xiàn)市場化資源配置；使公益性自然資源回歸其公益本質(zhì),履行公共服務(wù)的職責。第三,通過對對物采掘類自然資源的研究,在自然資源物權(quán)體系中提出“資源產(chǎn)品采掘權(quán)”的概念,改變傳統(tǒng)用益物權(quán)不能有效解釋此類物權(quán)的局面。第四,研究了與生態(tài)價值相關(guān)的自然資源財產(chǎn)權(quán)構(gòu)建的理論依據(jù)。在生態(tài)文明和生態(tài)經(jīng)濟的理論基礎(chǔ)上,本章明確提出：一,需要將自然資源作為一項資源財產(chǎn)來對待,賦予其財產(chǎn)權(quán)利,糾正傳統(tǒng)勞動價值論之下忽視自然資源的稀缺性以及生態(tài)價值的錯誤；二,自然資源應(yīng)以自然資本的形式進入市場,體現(xiàn)其生態(tài)價值。本文第五章研究了自然資源財產(chǎn)權(quán)構(gòu)建的實現(xiàn)方式,即堅持在市場配置資源的過程中構(gòu)建清晰的自然資源財產(chǎn)權(quán)體系,主要包括兩個方面:一是科學(xué)設(shè)置自然資源現(xiàn)有物權(quán)與新型權(quán)利的邏輯關(guān)系。由于自然資源之上諸多新型權(quán)利的出現(xiàn),就需要合理設(shè)置新型權(quán)利與固有權(quán)利之間的關(guān)系,形成結(jié)構(gòu)清晰、層次分明的自然資源財產(chǎn)權(quán)體系。二是借鑒英美法系的公共信托和自然保護地役權(quán)制度,構(gòu)建多元、開放的自然資源財產(chǎn)權(quán)。本章另外還研究了改革自然資源管理制度的具體措施,主要包括：實行公益性與經(jīng)營性自然資源類型化管理,分離經(jīng)營性自然資源的行政管理和經(jīng)營管理職能,依法保障自然資源財產(chǎn)權(quán)的市場化流轉(zhuǎn),確認和保護自然資源的生態(tài)價值。本文第六章研究了自然資源財產(chǎn)權(quán)制度的權(quán)利構(gòu)成體系,該體系由自然資源的所有權(quán)、使用權(quán)和擔保物權(quán)構(gòu)成。其所有權(quán)包括自然資源的國家所有權(quán)、集體所有權(quán)和公共所有權(quán)；其使用權(quán)包括用益物權(quán)和與生態(tài)價值相關(guān)的財產(chǎn)權(quán),用益物權(quán)包括資源產(chǎn)品采掘權(quán)和非采掘性資源使用權(quán),與生態(tài)價值相關(guān)的財產(chǎn)權(quán)又包括積極性和消極性的生態(tài)價值使用權(quán)兩種類型。本章詳細論述了與生態(tài)價值相關(guān)的財產(chǎn)權(quán)的具體類型,明確提出并證成自然資源的生態(tài)價值能夠以財產(chǎn)權(quán)的形式進入市場流轉(zhuǎn),以實現(xiàn)環(huán)境保護公益目的和相關(guān)資源權(quán)利人經(jīng)濟利益的雙贏,這就需要在促成和保障自然資源生態(tài)資本財產(chǎn)權(quán)順利流轉(zhuǎn)的同時,積極拓展自然資源生態(tài)價值的市場化程度。本文的可能創(chuàng)新之處在于以下方面：第一,提出并論證了造成我國現(xiàn)在自然資源浪費和破壞以及環(huán)境污染的原因主要在于現(xiàn)行自然資源財產(chǎn)權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)中沒有對經(jīng)營性和公益性自然資源進行有效區(qū)分,經(jīng)營性自然資源的資源價值(包括經(jīng)濟價值和生態(tài)價值)沒有在市場交易中真正得以體現(xiàn),且現(xiàn)行資源的行政管理和經(jīng)營管理相混同。第二,文章研究了對物采掘類自然資源使用權(quán),提出以“資源產(chǎn)品采掘權(quán)”重構(gòu)自然資源用益物權(quán)體系。第三,在研究自然資源生態(tài)價值的基礎(chǔ)上論證了將與之相關(guān)的財產(chǎn)權(quán)納入自然資源財產(chǎn)權(quán),構(gòu)建多元、開放的自然資源財產(chǎn)權(quán)體系的可行性。本文的不足之處在于：其一是對諸多理論問題還需進一步深入研究,其二是借鑒國外相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的研究成果還比較薄弱。對這些不足,在今后的研究工作中定加努力克服。
[Abstract]:This paper through the study of relevant theory and practice of China's natural resources property right, summarizes the main problems existing in the current system of our country in the name of the country: all resources protection, light of substantial weight; static property, dynamic light resource flow; heavy state intervention of public power, the market regulation law of light the. The existence of these problems leads to serious environmental pollution, serious waste and destruction of resources, the low social and economic benefits of resources and low economic benefits. Specific reasons for these problems are: business and public natural resources did not distinguish, natural resources management and administrative management confusion; the decisive role of the market in resource allocation is not fully played; natural resources ownership entities; not included in the resource value system from the ecological value of natural resources. Based on analysis of the reasons this paper proposes to build "clear right attribute from the macro framework, clarify the rights of ownership; standardize trade order, rational allocation of resources; to maintain social justice, sustainable development" as the goal orientation of the pluralistic and open natural resources property right system, and the system based on the type of research the systematic observation. One of the key points of this paper is to establish a clear natural resource property right system in the process of market allocation of resources by dividing the state-owned natural resources into public and business types. This requires that natural resources should fully reflect the value of their resources, including economic value and ecological value when they enter the market. At the same time, the realization of market allocation resources can not be separated from the clear natural resources, the definition of property rights and the orderly transfer of property rights, all of which need to be carried out on the basis of the rule of law. For the natural resources of public welfare, the public welfare function of serving the society should be realized on the premise of clarifying the property of the resources and the ownership of the rights. The focus of the two is to reconstruct the current property system, will be on mining of natural resources use rights is defined as "resources products of mining rights, to restore the essence of right, the resource value can be reflected in the resources products, and solve the traditional usufructuary right can not effectively interpret the embarrassing situation. The three key points of this paper are to draw on the experience of other countries, integrate the rights of ecological compensation, natural protection easement, emission permits and carbon emission right related to natural resources' ecological value into the natural resources property right system, and build diversified and open natural resources property rights. The first chapter of this article mainly discusses the basic theory of natural resources. First, the concept, scope and types of natural resources are defined theoretically, and the scarcity characteristics of resources and natural resources are summarized. Secondly, the social value and economic value of natural resources are analyzed. The economic value of natural resources depends on its scarcity, which decides to make full use of the law of the market to realize the effective utilization and protection of the resources. Under the market economy, the market should play a decisive role in the allocation of resources, and the precondition of the decisive role of the market is a clear and standardized property right system. Third, this chapter analyzes the origin, development and types of natural resources property right of natural resources property rights system, especially the public trust system focuses on natural resources from the Rome public system to the civil law real right system of natural resources and the Anglo American law system. The second chapter of this article mainly summarizes the existing problems in the current natural resources property right system in China and analyzes its reasons. China's current legal system plays an important role in protecting resources and promoting economic development. However, there are many practical problems that cannot be avoided. The analysis of these problems and their causes indicates the direction for the reform of natural resources legal system. First of all, to clear the state-owned natural resources ownership and management, carry out their duties; secondly, the need to implement different laws and regulations according to the public welfare and the management of resources; third, give full play to the decisive role of market mechanism in the management of natural resources allocation in fourth, the ecological value of the natural resources into the value system of resources. The third chapter first summarizes the goal orientation of constructing the property right system of natural resources in China, mainly including "the attribute of Ming Xi's rights, clarify the ownership of rights, allocate resources rationally, standardize trading order, maintain social equity and achieve sustainable development". Secondly, it explains the principles of building the system of natural resources property right in three aspects: the combination of economic and social benefits, the principle of market allocation and the principle of sustainable development. Third, the natural resources property rights on the basis of the right type of structure was analyzed, the structure of their rights includes three aspects: one is the name of the ownership system, the two is pluralistic and open the right to use the system, three is to absorb the relevant and ecological value of the property as a new member of the natural resources property right system. In the fourth chapter, the theory of the construction of natural resources property rights is analyzed with the method of typed jurisprudence. First, the type division and the positive significance of the natural resources of management and public welfare are studied. Because the traditional theory does not have this type of division, so the public service function of the public welfare natural resources is not effective. At the same time, the operational natural resources can not enter the market in the form of resource capital, and realize the economic value of resources. Secondly, the state ownership and state ownership of natural resources related theory research, there are national ownership of the phantom problem, because the traditional concept of state ownership "only subject theory" and "state ownership public injustice
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D923.2
，

本文編號：1345942