本文關(guān)鍵詞：伊朗民族主義思潮研究　出處：《西北大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 伊朗 民族主義 王權(quán)民族主義 伊斯蘭民族主義 自由民族主義

【摘要】：民族主義思潮是伊朗近現(xiàn)代歷史上非常重要的政治思潮。從文明交往自覺的歷史觀念出發(fā),以伊朗民族主義思潮的演變歷程為認知路徑,可以洞察伊朗歷史表象背后的本質(zhì)性內(nèi)容和規(guī)律性特征。伊朗民族主義思潮是伊朗文明與外部文明以及伊朗文明內(nèi)部諸要素交往互動和交往自覺的產(chǎn)物。圍繞不同的時代主題,伊朗民族主義思潮經(jīng)歷了民族覺醒、民族獨立、民族自強和民族重塑四個發(fā)展階段。19世紀后半期以來,面對內(nèi)憂外患,伊朗的進步知識分子開始思考應(yīng)對困境的方案,伊朗的民族意識逐漸覺醒。西化知識分子主張向西方學(xué)習(xí),推行社會改革,形成了現(xiàn)代主義改革思想。宗教知識分子主張通過復(fù)興伊斯蘭教,實現(xiàn)民族復(fù)興,形成了伊斯蘭復(fù)興思想。前者的代表人物是馬爾庫姆汗,后者的代表人物是阿富汗尼。立憲革命結(jié)束之后,對國家獨立和社會穩(wěn)定的渴求成為伊朗人最重要的政治訴求,王權(quán)民族主義逐漸成為占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位的政治思潮,代表人物是禮薩汗。在禮薩汗的引領(lǐng)下,伊朗建立了巴列維王朝,進行了民族國家構(gòu)建和現(xiàn)代化改革。然而,第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間盟軍的軍事占領(lǐng),使這一過程暫時中斷。二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束,盟軍撤離之后,全面推動現(xiàn)代化,實現(xiàn)民族自強成為伊朗的時代主題。在爭論與競爭之中,自由民族族主義和王權(quán)民族主義思潮相繼成為占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位的政治思潮,前者的代表人物是摩薩臺,后者的代表人物是巴列維國王。20世紀70年代,反思外來模式的弊端,重塑民族精神,選擇適合本國國情的發(fā)展道路成為伊朗的時代主題。伊斯蘭民族主義思潮隨之興起,為伊朗提供了一條伊斯蘭式的民族復(fù)興之路,其代表人物是霍梅尼。在伊朗民族主義思潮的演變過程中存在三個基本變量：伊朗(波斯)性、伊斯蘭性和現(xiàn)代性。三者的不同分化組合形成了三類主要的民族主義思潮：王權(quán)民族主義、伊斯蘭民族主義和自由民族主義。伊朗(波斯)性以伊朗的傳統(tǒng)歷史文化為核心,構(gòu)想出一個偉大的祖國和強大的民族,以圖喚醒伊朗的民族意識,激勵伊朗人為實現(xiàn)民族獨立和強大而奮斗,與之對應(yīng)的是王權(quán)民族主義思潮。伊斯蘭性強調(diào)從伊斯蘭教中尋找發(fā)展的動力,通過宗教復(fù)興實現(xiàn)民族復(fù)興,反對西方化和世俗化,主張回歸伊斯蘭傳統(tǒng),以伊斯蘭的方式應(yīng)對各種挑戰(zhàn),與之對應(yīng)的是伊斯蘭民族主義思潮。現(xiàn)代性主張引進西方的自由民主思想,推行西方式的現(xiàn)代化改革,使國家獲得新生,民族獲得復(fù)興,與之對應(yīng)的是自由民族主義思潮。伊朗(波斯)性、伊斯蘭性和現(xiàn)代性既矛盾沖突,又和諧統(tǒng)一。近代以來的伊朗歷史表明,每當(dāng)處于良性互動狀態(tài)時,伊朗就會煥發(fā)出的活力；一旦三者處于惡性互動狀態(tài)時,國家就會陷入困境。伊斯蘭革命之后,伊斯蘭性的過度張揚在很大程度上使三者趨于惡性互動狀態(tài)。因此,尋找三者的交融點,使它們保持良性互動是未來伊朗民族主義者努力的方向。
[Abstract]:The nationalist trend of thought is a very important political trend of thought in the modern history of Iran. Starting from the historical concept of civilized interaction and taking the evolution process of nationalism in Iran as a cognitive path, we can see the essential content and regularity characteristics behind Iran's historical presentation. The trend of nationalism in Iran is the product of the interaction and consciousness of the intercourse and communication between Iran civilization and the external civilization, as well as the elements of Iran civilization. Around the different themes of the times, the trend of nationalism in Iran has experienced four stages of development, namely, National Awakening, national independence, national self-improvement and national remolding. Since the second half of nineteenth Century, in the face of domestic trouble and foreign invasion progress of Iran intellectuals began to think, a response to the plight of the program, Iran's national consciousness is gradually awakening. Westernized intellectuals advocated learning from the west, carrying out social reform and forming a modernist reform thought. The Religious Intellectuals advocated the revival of the nation through the revival of Islam and the formation of the thought of the Islamic revival. The representative of the former is Mar Kum Khan, and the representative of the latter is Afghanistan Nepal. After the Constitutional Revolution ended, the thirst for national independence and social stability became the most important political appeals of the Iran people. Wang Quan nationalism has gradually become the dominant political trend of thought, and the representative is rashan. Under the guidance of rites and Khan, the Pahlavi Dynasty was established in Iran, and the construction of national state and the reform of modernization were carried out. However, the military occupation of the Allied forces during the second world war interrupted the process for the time being. After the end of World War II, after the withdrawal of the Allied forces, the modernization was fully promoted and the national self strengthening became the theme of the times of Iran. In the debate and competition, ethnic nationalism and royalty free nationalism have become the dominant political trend, the representative of the former is Mohammed, a representative of the latter is king Pahlavi. In 1970s, it was the theme of the times of Iran to rethink the drawbacks of the foreign model, remould the national spirit and choose the development road suitable for its own national conditions. With the rise of Islamic Nationalism, it provided an Islamic road to the national revival of Iran, whose representative was Khomeini. There are three basic variables in the evolution of the trend of nationalism in Iran: Iran (Persia), Islam and modernity. The different combinations of the three forms the main three kinds of Nationalism: the nationalism of the royal power, the Islamic Nationalism and the free nationalism. Iran (Persian), based on the traditional history and culture of Iran, conceived a great motherland and powerful nation in order to awaken Iran's national consciousness and encourage Iran to strive for national independence and strength. Islamism emphasizes the power to seek development from Islam, achieves national rejuvenation through religious revival, and oppose westernization and secularization. It advocates returning to Islamic tradition and dealing with all kinds of challenges in Islamic way, which corresponds to the trend of Islamic Nationalism. Modernity advocates the introduction of Western liberal democracy and the implementation of the western modernization reform, so that the nation can be reborn and the nation can be revived, which corresponds to the trend of liberal nationalism. The nature of Iran (Persia), Islam and modernity is conflicting and harmonious. The history of Iran since modern times shows that whenever Iran is in a benign interaction state, the vitality of Iran will be renewed. Once the three are in a vicious interaction state, the state will be in trouble. After the Islamic revolution, the excessive publicity of Islam to a large extent made the three tend to be in a state of malignant interaction. Therefore, it is the direction of the future Iran nationalists to find the blending points of the three parties so that they can maintain a good interaction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D092
，

本文編號：1343512