在過去的30年中,雙邊投資協(xié)定（BIT）已經(jīng)成為國際法下對外國投資進行規(guī)制的重要發(fā)展途徑之一。雙邊投資協(xié)定通常由發(fā)達國家與發(fā)展中國家簽訂,目的是鼓勵和保障外國投資。本文主要討論一些雙邊投資協(xié)定中包含的保護傘條款。首先,為了更好地理解保護傘條款,本文對其進行了深入的研究,探討了其概念、性質(zhì)、趨勢、起源以及發(fā)展。通過這些的研究有助于更清楚地理解為何在對保護傘條款的解釋、范圍和語言等方面仍舊存在爭議。其次,本文更進一步地研究了肯尼亞雙邊投資協(xié)定中的保護傘條款,并且致力于回答以下問題:若保護傘條款是必不可少的,為何僅有四個雙邊投資協(xié)定中包含該條款?對已有的保護傘條款應(yīng)采用何種解釋方法?基于合同的索賠是否應(yīng)納入保護傘條款下?通過分析并試圖回答以上問題,本文最終能對這些問題給出解釋并減少關(guān)于保護傘條款爭論背后的混亂。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),大多數(shù)國家都選擇將保護傘條款排除出雙邊投資協(xié)定,因為保護傘條款并非僅依照協(xié)定中的其他權(quán)利提供平行保護,它還包含了某些不一定符合公平公正待遇條款、充分保護和保障條款或征用條款的合同義務(wù),從而擴大了協(xié)定的保護范圍。圍繞保護傘條款的爭論和討論還不止于此,本文提出應(yīng)通過法律檢查的方法... 

【文章頁數(shù)】：102 頁

【學位級別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER ONE GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE UMBRELLA CLAUSE IN BITs
    1.1 The Concept and Nature of Umbrella Clause
        1.1.1 Definition of umbrella clause
        1.1.2 The Importance of Umbrella Clause Literature in Bilateral Investment Treaties
        1.1.3 Trends in The Umbrella Clause
    1.2 Origin and development of the umbrella clause
    1.3 The PROS and CONS of the umbrella clause
CHAPTER TWO APPLICABLE CONFLICTS OF THE UMBRELLA CLAUSE FROM AN ICSIDPRACTICAL PERSPECTIVE
    2.1 Subject Scope of the Umbrella Clause
    2.2 Conflicting interpretation of the UMBRELLA CLAUSE
        2.2.1 Fedax NV V. Republic of Venezuela
        2.2.2 SGS v. Pakistan and SGS v. Philippines
    2.3 Distinguishing jure imperii from jure gestionis as a solution
    2.4 Difference of procedure in contractual breach and treaty breach
    2.5 Differences and limitations in application scope of the umbrella clause
        2.5.1 Effective Application
        2.5.2 Restrictive Application
CHAPTER THREE THE APPLICATION OF THE UMBRELLA CLAUSE IN KENYA BITs
    3.1 Overview of the umbrella clauses in Kenya
        3.1.1 Kenya- United Kingdom BIT(1999)
        3.1.2 Kenya- Germany BIT(1996
        3.1.3 Kenya- Switzerland BIT (2006)
        3.1.4 Kenya- Slovakia BIT (2011)
        3.1.5 Kenya- China BIT (2001)
    3.2 Analysis of the umbrella clause in Kenya BITs
    3.3 Other Kenya BITs without the umbrella clause
    3.4 Kenya's take on international arbitration
    3.5 Features of a developing country model BIT vs a developed country BIT
CHAPTER FOUR CONSUMMATE SUGGESTIONS TO THE UMBRELLA CLAUSE IN KENYA BITs
    4.1 Background to China- Africa BITs
        4.1.1 Evolution and trends in China's BITs
        4.1.2 China's motivation for concluding BITs
    4.2 China- Africa BITs and the Umbrella Clause
        4.2.1 General Characteristics of China-Africa BITs
        4.2.2 The umbrella clause in China BITs
    4.3 Key questions regarding Kenya BITs and the umbrella clause
        4.3.1 Why only 5 BITs in Kenya contain the umbrella clause
        4.3.2 What interpretation should Kenya adapt regarding the umbrella clause
        4.3.3 Should contractual claims be included in umbrella clause
Recommendations
Conclusions
REFERENCES



本文編號：3683560