本文選題：公海保護(hù)區(qū) + 海洋保護(hù)區(qū)��； 參考：《上海師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：公海是位于國(guó)家管轄范圍以外的區(qū)域,盡管現(xiàn)代公海制度中規(guī)定了公海保護(hù)的內(nèi)容,但是相比起從公海獲取資源利益來(lái)說(shuō),各國(guó)很難投入精力在公海進(jìn)行資源保護(hù)。隨著人類在公海活動(dòng)能力的提升和活動(dòng)范圍的擴(kuò)大,公海的環(huán)境資源情況已發(fā)生很大程度上的變化。人類在過(guò)度開發(fā)和利用公海資源的同時(shí)又缺乏對(duì)公海環(huán)境資源合理的保護(hù),導(dǎo)致目前公海生物多樣性可持續(xù)發(fā)展面臨著嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。隨著公海環(huán)境危機(jī)的頻繁出現(xiàn),國(guó)際社會(huì)也逐漸意識(shí)到環(huán)境惡化對(duì)人類生存的威脅,公海環(huán)境資源與保護(hù)逐漸進(jìn)入國(guó)際社會(huì)的視角并為此開展了一系列行動(dòng)。國(guó)際社會(huì)就公海環(huán)境和資源方面的困境展開了廣泛的討論,公海保護(hù)區(qū)問(wèn)題由此進(jìn)入人們的視野。公海保護(hù)區(qū)制度雖說(shuō)是一個(gè)新興的環(huán)境法話題,但在國(guó)際社會(huì)長(zhǎng)年宣傳和努力之下,這一新興概念已逐漸被世界各國(guó)所承認(rèn)和接受,已成為當(dāng)代海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)和管理的主要工具。盡管現(xiàn)有法律中沒有關(guān)于公海保護(hù)區(qū)的直接規(guī)定,但《海洋法公約》《生物多樣性公約》以及其他區(qū)域性條約等都間接性地規(guī)定了有關(guān)公海保護(hù)區(qū)的內(nèi)容,實(shí)踐中在地中海、大西洋和南極地區(qū)也建立了三個(gè)區(qū)域性的公海保護(hù)區(qū)。本文第二章系統(tǒng)地介紹了有關(guān)公海保護(hù)區(qū)的概念和特征,繼而介紹了主要國(guó)家對(duì)建立公海保護(hù)區(qū)的立場(chǎng)和態(tài)度,為公海保護(hù)區(qū)區(qū)域?qū)嵺`的開展埋下伏筆。隨后第三章介紹了有關(guān)公海保護(hù)區(qū)法律規(guī)制的現(xiàn)狀,分析了現(xiàn)有國(guó)際法體系中介紹了有關(guān)公海保護(hù)區(qū)的間接性規(guī)定,囊括了全球性條約、地區(qū)性條約和國(guó)際組織的重要決議;同時(shí)提及主要區(qū)域?qū)嵺`對(duì)公海保護(hù)區(qū)的法律規(guī)制,從各保護(hù)區(qū)制定的相關(guān)條約或協(xié)議出發(fā),介紹了現(xiàn)階段三個(gè)有關(guān)公海保護(hù)區(qū)區(qū)域?qū)嵺`的管理機(jī)構(gòu)和相關(guān)管理措施。第四章在第三章的基礎(chǔ)上分析了公海保護(hù)區(qū)現(xiàn)有法律規(guī)制存在的問(wèn)題和各區(qū)域?qū)嵺`所面臨的困境,進(jìn)而提出公海保護(hù)區(qū)法律規(guī)制的完善路徑。最后結(jié)合我國(guó)海洋保護(hù)區(qū)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,在我國(guó)積極主張并建立公海保護(hù)區(qū)的立場(chǎng)和態(tài)度上,為我國(guó)參與公海保護(hù)區(qū)的建設(shè)出謀劃策。
[Abstract]:The high seas are the areas beyond the national jurisdiction. Although the modern high seas system stipulates the content of the high seas protection, it is difficult for the countries to devote their energy to the high seas resources protection compared with the high seas. With the enhancement of human activities in the high seas and the expansion of the scope of activities, the environment and resources of the high seas have changed to a large extent. At the same time, human beings lack reasonable protection of the high seas environmental resources while over-exploiting and utilizing the high seas resources, which leads to the severe challenge to the sustainable development of biodiversity in the high seas. With the frequent emergence of environmental crisis on the high seas, the international community is gradually aware of the threat of environmental degradation to the survival of mankind. The environmental resources and protection of the high seas gradually enter the perspective of the international community and carry out a series of actions. The international community has carried out extensive discussions on the environment and resources of the high seas, and the problem of protected areas on the high seas has come into people's view. Although the regime of protected areas on the high seas is an emerging topic of environmental law, the emerging concept has been gradually recognized and accepted by all countries in the world, thanks to years of publicity and efforts by the international community. Has become the contemporary marine ecological environment protection and management of the main tools. Although there is no direct provision in existing legislation on high seas protected areas, the Convention on Biological Diversity of the Convention on the Law of the Sea, as well as other regional treaties, provide indirectly for the content of protected areas on the high seas, in practice in the Mediterranean Sea, Three regional high seas reserves have also been established in the Atlantic and Antarctic areas. The second chapter systematically introduces the concept and characteristics of the high seas protected area, and then introduces the position and attitude of the main countries to establish the high seas protected area, which lays the groundwork for the development of the high seas protected area practice. The third chapter introduces the current situation of the legal regulation of the high seas protected areas, analyzes the indirect provisions of the existing international law system, including global treaties, regional treaties and important resolutions of international organizations. At the same time, the legal regulation of the high seas protected areas in the main regional practice is mentioned. Starting from the relevant treaties or agreements made by the various protected areas, this paper introduces three management institutions and relevant management measures concerning the regional practice of the high seas protected areas at the present stage. Based on the third chapter, the fourth chapter analyzes the problems existing in the existing legal regulation of the high seas protected areas and the difficulties faced by the regional practice, and then puts forward the perfect path of the legal regulation of the high seas protected areas. Finally, based on the present situation of marine protected areas in China, the author proposes some suggestions for our country to participate in the construction of protected areas on the high seas on the basis of the position and attitude of actively advocating and establishing the protected areas on the high seas in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D993.5

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