本文選題：大數(shù)據(jù) + 被遺忘權(quán)�。� 參考：《河北師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：大數(shù)據(jù)蘊含著巨大的價值,給人們的日常生活帶來了諸多變革,但是與此同時也對個人信息的保護(hù)產(chǎn)生了挑戰(zhàn)。由于信息存儲技術(shù)的日臻成熟,幾乎所有網(wǎng)絡(luò)中產(chǎn)生的數(shù)據(jù)都會被長時間甚至永久地保存下來,而數(shù)據(jù)挖掘和二次利用更是使我們無處遁形。我們不知道的事情大數(shù)據(jù)知道,我們知道的事情大數(shù)據(jù)比我們早知道。以往遺忘是常態(tài)而如今記憶變成了常態(tài),一些人們不希望被記住甚至希望被抹去的痕跡也因為大數(shù)據(jù)存儲的出現(xiàn)而可以被輕而易舉地查詢到。我們需要加強(qiáng)對個人信息的控制,保護(hù)我們的信息不被濫用,對不必要的個人信息及時進(jìn)行刪除。因此,大數(shù)據(jù)時代的被遺忘權(quán)就顯得尤為關(guān)鍵。被遺忘權(quán)是新時代背景下產(chǎn)生出的新興權(quán)利,它是個人對信息加強(qiáng)控制的積極權(quán)利。被遺忘權(quán)的概念是信息數(shù)據(jù)的創(chuàng)造者即信息主體,對于在大數(shù)據(jù)存儲當(dāng)中某些有關(guān)自身的失去時效性的信息、發(fā)生改變的無用的信息以及涉密的信息,要求數(shù)據(jù)控制者刪除或者模糊處理的權(quán)利。本文認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)將被遺忘權(quán)歸入人格權(quán)的范疇,其中個人信息權(quán)屬性最為顯著,可以作為信息權(quán)利的內(nèi)容加以規(guī)定和保護(hù)。2012年1月25日歐盟委員會頒布的《通用數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)條例(草案)》(GDPR草案)中明確提出了“被遺忘權(quán)”這一概念。這一概念的提出引起了世界各國的廣泛關(guān)注以及學(xué)界的廣泛探討,也使得大數(shù)據(jù)時代的遺忘問題成為關(guān)注的焦點。在2016年11月7日第十二屆全國人民代表大會常務(wù)委員會第二十四次會議通過的《中華人民共和國網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全法》(以下簡稱《網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全法》)中,第四十三條明確規(guī)定了在什么情況下信息主體有權(quán)要求信息控制者將其相關(guān)信息刪除,并且在六十四條當(dāng)中還規(guī)定了違反該規(guī)定的法律后果�！毒W(wǎng)絡(luò)安全法》的出臺,標(biāo)志著被遺忘權(quán)在我國的確立及保護(hù)取得重大突破。雖然是一種新興權(quán)利,我國學(xué)術(shù)界亦已經(jīng)對被遺忘權(quán)進(jìn)行了較為充分的研究。各相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的專家學(xué)者從各自不同的研究領(lǐng)域和學(xué)術(shù)角度出發(fā)對大數(shù)據(jù)時代被遺忘權(quán)的權(quán)利內(nèi)容、權(quán)利屬性以及本土化路徑進(jìn)行了論述。其中從部門法角度出發(fā)的研究較多,還有學(xué)者從傳播學(xué)視角入手,但從法理學(xué)角度進(jìn)行探究的文章還不多見。法理學(xué)是自覺運用反思的方法系統(tǒng)探究法律現(xiàn)象深層次發(fā)展規(guī)律的一門學(xué)問。本文將對被遺忘權(quán)權(quán)利進(jìn)行法理學(xué)解構(gòu),詳細(xì)研究其概念、權(quán)利生成的過程、權(quán)利構(gòu)成及權(quán)利性質(zhì)等問題。文章總共分為三個部分,通過對每一個部分的詳細(xì)論述逐步完成對被遺忘權(quán)的法理學(xué)探究。第一部分主要介紹被遺忘權(quán)。首先解釋什么是被遺忘權(quán)以及在大數(shù)據(jù)當(dāng)中被遺忘權(quán)的權(quán)利構(gòu)成,包括權(quán)利的主體和客體以及行使權(quán)利的對象等。隨后梳理被遺忘權(quán)興起的脈絡(luò),伴隨著時代的發(fā)展,科學(xué)技術(shù)的更新?lián)Q代,被遺忘權(quán)利的理論內(nèi)涵以及內(nèi)容也在發(fā)生改變,最后詳細(xì)闡釋大數(shù)據(jù)時代背景下被遺忘權(quán)的特征。第二部分在歸納整合我國學(xué)者對于被遺忘權(quán)屬性研究的基礎(chǔ)之上,提出自己的見解。當(dāng)前學(xué)界對于被遺忘權(quán)屬性主要有“隱私權(quán)延伸說”和“個人信息涵蓋說”兩種主流觀點。當(dāng)前世界各國的立法當(dāng)中也都能看到相關(guān)的規(guī)定,且美國等國家與歐盟表現(xiàn)出不同的保護(hù)進(jìn)路,綜觀我國的現(xiàn)有立法以及最新出臺的《網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全法》,在個人信息權(quán)框架下研究被遺忘權(quán)屬性最為適宜。第三部分主要介紹被遺忘權(quán)的行使及保護(hù)。從當(dāng)前權(quán)利實現(xiàn)的實際問題入手,結(jié)合我國當(dāng)前立法現(xiàn)狀以及域外相關(guān)經(jīng)驗,對我國權(quán)利的保護(hù)進(jìn)路展開研究。重點在于在什么條件下可以行使被遺忘權(quán),通過什么途徑使這一權(quán)利得以保護(hù),進(jìn)而對我國今后的立法完善提出建議。
[Abstract]:Big data has great value, brings many changes to people's daily life, but at the same time, it also challenges the protection of personal information. As the information storage technology is getting mature, almost all the data produced in the network will be preserved for a long time or even permanent, and data mining and the two use are more. The big data we don't know, the big data we know, what we know about big data is earlier than we know. Past forgetting is normal, and now memory becomes normal, some people do not want to be remembered or even want to be erased because of the appearance of large data storage that can be easily searched. It is necessary to strengthen the control of personal information, protect our information from misuse and delete unnecessary personal information in time. Therefore, the right to be forgotten in the era of big data is particularly critical. The right to be forgotten is a new right produced in the new era. It is the right of individual to strengthen control of information. The right to be forgotten is the right to be forgotten. The concept is the creator of information data, which is the subject of information. For the information that has lost timeliness in the large data storage, the useless information and the information involved in the information are changed, and the rights of the data controller to be deleted or the fuzzy processing are required. This article holds that the right to be forgotten should be classified as the category of personality rights. The property of human information is most significant, and it can be defined and protected as the content of information rights. The concept of "the right to be forgotten" is clearly defined in the "General Data Protection Ordinance (Draft)" (Draft) issued by the European Commission in January 25th.2012. The concept has drawn wide attention from all over the world as well as a wide range of academic circles. The discussion also makes the problem of oblivion in the era of big data a focus. In the twenty-fourth meeting of the Standing Committee of the Twelfth National People's Congress in November 7, 2016, the People's Republic of China network security law (hereinafter referred to as < network security law >), forty-third clearly defined the information owner under what circumstances. The body has the right to request the information controller to delete the relevant information, and in the sixty-four article also stipulates the legal consequences of violation of the provisions. The introduction of the network security law indicates that the right to be forgotten has made a major breakthrough in the establishment and protection of our country. Although it is a new right, the academic circle of our country has also carried out a comparison of the right to be forgotten. In order to make a full study, experts and scholars from various fields have discussed the right content, the right attribute and the localization path of the right to be forgotten in the big data age from different research fields and academic angles. There are few articles on the exploration. Jurisprudence is a study of the systematic exploration of the law of the deep development of legal phenomena by using the method of reflection. This article will deconstruct the jurisprudence of the right to be forgotten, study its concept, the process of generating rights, the constitution of rights and the nature of rights and interests. The article is divided into three parts. The first part mainly introduces the right to be forgotten. First, it explains what is the right to be forgotten and the right to be forgotten in the large data, including the subject and object of the right and the object of exercising the rights and interests. Then, the rise of the right to forget the right of forgetting. With the development of the times, the renewal of the science and technology, the theoretical connotation and the content of the forgotten rights are also changed. Finally, the characteristics of the right to be forgotten in the background of the big data age are explained in detail. The second part puts forward his own views on the basis of the integration of the scholars in China on the study of the right to be forgotten. The former academics have two main views on the right to be forgotten, including "the extension of privacy" and "personal information coverage". The relevant provisions can be seen in the current legislation of all countries in the world, and the United States and other countries have shown different ways to protect them, looking at the existing legislation in China and the latest "network security". The third part mainly introduces the exercise and protection of the right to be forgotten. Starting with the actual problems of the current rights, combining with the current legislation and the relevant experience in our country, the research on the protection of the rights of our country is carried out. The emphasis is on the conditions under what conditions. In order to protect this right through exercising the right of oblivion, we will give some suggestions to improve our legislation in the future.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D90

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