本文選題：住房租賃市場(chǎng) + 政府責(zé)任��； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：房地產(chǎn)業(yè)和房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)在其迅速發(fā)展、日趨成熟的過程中,對(duì)推動(dòng)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、改善人們的居住環(huán)境和提高人們的生活品質(zhì)等發(fā)揮了重要作用。當(dāng)然,這其中也存在諸多問題,如房?jī)r(jià)累調(diào)累漲、重交易而輕租賃等。我國居民自己擁有住房的比例已近百分之九十五(根據(jù)2015年的數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)),但是住房租賃市場(chǎng)發(fā)展“營養(yǎng)不良”,進(jìn)度緩慢,買賣與租賃市場(chǎng)發(fā)展嚴(yán)重失衡的現(xiàn)狀致使我國房產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)缺乏穩(wěn)定性與秩序性。通過對(duì)我國相關(guān)法規(guī)政策的解讀,可見政府對(duì)買賣市場(chǎng)與租賃市場(chǎng)“厚此薄彼”,政府的關(guān)注點(diǎn)大都集中于買賣市場(chǎng)。然而依據(jù)我國目前經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、人地基本矛盾狀況,單純依賴買賣市場(chǎng)顯然不能充分保障眾多貧困人群的住房權(quán)利,必然需要租賃市場(chǎng)“貢獻(xiàn)一份力量”。政府需要明確自身責(zé)任,建立并完善住房租賃市場(chǎng)體系,“集中資源支持,加大力度發(fā)展”。本文將通過四個(gè)方面闡釋政府在租賃市場(chǎng)中的相關(guān)責(zé)任問題。第一部分通過相應(yīng)的理論分析,剖析政府責(zé)任內(nèi)涵,闡明政府在租賃市場(chǎng)所負(fù)責(zé)任的理論基礎(chǔ),從人權(quán)理論、市場(chǎng)失靈理論兩個(gè)角度切入,指明我國住房租賃市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展需要政府來承擔(dān)責(zé)任。此外,明確了住房租賃市場(chǎng)中政府責(zé)任的內(nèi)容,即監(jiān)管責(zé)任、保障責(zé)任、調(diào)控責(zé)任、實(shí)施責(zé)任。第二部分主要研究域外國家調(diào)控房屋租賃市場(chǎng)的相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。美國政府通過出租人減稅優(yōu)惠、不動(dòng)產(chǎn)稅制、政府補(bǔ)貼制度來鼓勵(lì)私人將空置房屋出租,鼓勵(lì)投資商投資開發(fā)合格的租賃房,借此增加房源供給。通過租金管制制度以及適住性擔(dān)保義務(wù)來對(duì)出租人的義務(wù)加以規(guī)范,通過限制租賃合同任意終止來維系契約穩(wěn)定。德國政府通過法律法規(guī)支持、稅收政策支持來保證租賃市場(chǎng)有秩序、有活力,同時(shí)以強(qiáng)制手段保證租賃房源,并配以租金管制制度與租金指導(dǎo)制度來適當(dāng)調(diào)控房租價(jià)格。第三部分研究目前我國住房租賃市場(chǎng)運(yùn)行的現(xiàn)狀及存在的問題,具體包括:政府對(duì)房屋租賃市場(chǎng)地位認(rèn)識(shí)不足、缺乏專門的法律法規(guī)、住房租賃行業(yè)稅負(fù)過重、住房租金缺乏有效規(guī)制、住房租賃合同登記備案制度未落實(shí)等問題。第四部分通過總結(jié)前文,針對(duì)如何加強(qiáng)政府責(zé)任提出對(duì)策。我國政府對(duì)買賣市場(chǎng)與租賃市場(chǎng)“厚此薄彼”,政府的關(guān)注點(diǎn)大都集中于買賣市場(chǎng),導(dǎo)致房地產(chǎn)買賣市場(chǎng)與租賃市場(chǎng)發(fā)展嚴(yán)重失衡。政府應(yīng)當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)變“輕租”觀念,制定發(fā)展住房租賃市場(chǎng)的專門法律法規(guī),建立健全住房租賃稅收體系,保障租賃房源,建立租金指導(dǎo)制度等,以促進(jìn)租賃市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The real estate industry and the real estate market have played an important role in promoting the social and economic development, improving the living environment and improving the quality of life in the process of its rapid development and maturation. Of course, there are also many problems, such as the cumulative rise in house prices, heavy trading rather than leasing and so on. The proportion of people owning their own homes has reached nearly 95% (according to statistics for 2015, but the housing rental market is "malnourished" and is progressing slowly. The serious imbalance in the development of the sale and lease market leads to the lack of stability and order in the real estate market in China. Through the interpretation of the relevant laws and regulations of our country, it can be seen that the government is "favoring one or the other" to the market of buying and selling and leasing market, and most of the government's attention is focused on the market of sale and purchase. However, according to the present economic development situation of our country and the basic contradiction between people and land, it is obvious that relying solely on the buying and selling market can not fully protect the housing rights of many poor people, so it is necessary for the leasing market to "contribute a force". The government needs to clarify its own responsibility, establish and perfect the housing rental market system, and "concentrate resources to support and strengthen the development". This paper will explain the responsibility of the government in the leasing market from four aspects. The first part through the corresponding theoretical analysis, analyzes the government responsibility connotation, clarifies the government to bear the responsibility in the lease market the theoretical foundation, from the human rights theory, the market failure theory two angles cuts in, It is pointed out that the development of the housing rental market needs the government to bear the responsibility. In addition, it clarifies the content of government responsibility in housing rental market, that is, supervision responsibility, security responsibility, regulation responsibility and implementation responsibility. The second part mainly studies the experiences of foreign countries in regulating the housing rental market. The U.S. government encourages private tenants to rent out vacant homes through tax breaks for lessors, real estate taxes and government subsidies, and investors are encouraged to invest in the development of eligible rental homes, thereby increasing the supply of housing. The lessor's obligation is regulated by rent control system and liveable guarantee obligation, and the stability of the lease contract is maintained by limiting the arbitrary termination of the lease contract. With the support of laws and regulations and the support of tax policy, the German government guarantees the order and vitality of the rental market, at the same time, it guarantees the rental housing supply by compulsory means, and adjusts the rent price appropriately by the rent control system and the rent guidance system. The third part studies the current situation and existing problems of the housing rental market in China, including: the government has insufficient understanding of the status of the housing rental market, lack of special laws and regulations, excessive tax burden on the housing rental industry. Lack of effective regulation of housing rent, housing rental contract registration and filing system has not been implemented. The fourth part, through the summary above, proposes the countermeasure against how to strengthen the government responsibility. Our government pays more attention to buying and selling market and leasing market, which leads to serious imbalance between real estate market and lease market. The government should change the concept of "light rent", formulate special laws and regulations for the development of housing rental market, establish and perfect the tax system of housing lease, guarantee the source of rental housing and establish rent guidance system in order to promote the development of rental market.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D630

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