本文選題：歐洲 + 難民　； 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：難民問(wèn)題是當(dāng)代國(guó)際關(guān)系的熱點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)問(wèn)題,歐洲難民問(wèn)題是世界難民問(wèn)題的重要組成部分。2015年爆發(fā)的歐洲難民危機(jī),是二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以來(lái)歐洲遭遇的規(guī)模最大和最嚴(yán)重的難民危機(jī)。這場(chǎng)危機(jī)的起因錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜,不僅有歐洲和美俄方面的因素,也有西亞北非方面的因素。危機(jī)的產(chǎn)生與持續(xù)發(fā)酵對(duì)歐洲國(guó)家、歐盟和國(guó)際社會(huì)都產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。歐洲難民問(wèn)題有其歷史發(fā)展過(guò)程。從歐洲資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命時(shí)期到現(xiàn)在,歐洲既是歷史上主要的移民輸出地,也是當(dāng)今接收和安置難民最多的地區(qū)之一。2015年以來(lái),來(lái)自西亞北非地區(qū)的數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的難民持續(xù)涌向歐洲,歐洲迎來(lái)一股突如其來(lái)的難民大潮。這股難民潮使歐洲難民問(wèn)題持續(xù)發(fā)酵并演變?yōu)闅W洲難民危機(jī)。根據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)難民署統(tǒng)計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,2015年大約有150萬(wàn)難民進(jìn)入歐洲境內(nèi)尋求庇護(hù),2016年前5個(gè)月,就有20.4萬(wàn)難民跨越地中海進(jìn)入歐洲境內(nèi),截止2016年9月末,已有超過(guò)50萬(wàn)難民通過(guò)地中海進(jìn)入歐洲。歐洲難民危機(jī)的產(chǎn)生有其復(fù)雜而深刻的原因,主要有歐洲因素、西亞北非因素和美俄因素。在歐洲因素方面,既有歐洲國(guó)家插手西亞北非事務(wù)引起該地區(qū)政局持續(xù)動(dòng)蕩,又有歐洲國(guó)家良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)福利條件吸引難民,既有歐洲與西亞北非地理位置鄰近,又有歐國(guó)國(guó)家對(duì)歐盟的難民政策執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不同;在西亞北非因素方面,既有西亞北非地區(qū)本身動(dòng)蕩不安、貧窮落后,又有非法人口組織對(duì)難民的宣傳和輸送;在美俄因素方面,既有美國(guó)干涉西亞北非事務(wù)導(dǎo)致動(dòng)蕩,又有美俄長(zhǎng)期在西亞北非地區(qū)博弈和較量�？梢哉f(shuō)歐洲難民危機(jī)的產(chǎn)生是各種因素綜合作用的結(jié)果。歐洲難民危機(jī)的產(chǎn)生不僅給歐洲國(guó)家?guī)?lái)了前所未有的沖擊和挑戰(zhàn),也對(duì)歐盟內(nèi)部的團(tuán)結(jié)、歐洲一體化的進(jìn)程乃至國(guó)際社會(huì)造成了不小的影響。在歐洲國(guó)家的維度上,歐洲難民危機(jī)對(duì)歐洲國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化、社會(huì)和國(guó)際關(guān)系方面產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響;在歐盟的維度上,歐洲難民危機(jī)影響歐盟內(nèi)部的整體團(tuán)結(jié),加快英國(guó)脫歐的進(jìn)程,影響歐盟在國(guó)際舞臺(tái)上的良好道德形象;在國(guó)際社會(huì)的維度上,歐洲難民危機(jī)引發(fā)了國(guó)際社會(huì)對(duì)難民問(wèn)題的關(guān)注,同時(shí),歐洲難民危機(jī)的加劇也使全球范圍內(nèi)的極端恐怖襲擊事件頻頻發(fā)生,促使世界各國(guó)加強(qiáng)在非傳統(tǒng)安全方面的合作,共同打擊極端恐怖勢(shì)力�？傊�,歐洲難民危機(jī)對(duì)歐洲國(guó)家、歐盟、國(guó)際社會(huì)產(chǎn)生的影響是巨大和深遠(yuǎn)的。面對(duì)大量難民的持續(xù)涌入,歐洲國(guó)家及歐盟采取了一攬子舉措來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)。但是從目前來(lái)看,西亞北非地區(qū)的戰(zhàn)亂和沖突沒(méi)有減緩的趨勢(shì),涌向歐洲難民的數(shù)量將會(huì)持續(xù)攀升。而且在歐洲難民危機(jī)面前,歐洲各國(guó)之間至今仍未達(dá)成協(xié)調(diào)一致的接納和安置難民的方案。所以,近期緩解歐洲難民危機(jī)的前景仍不樂(lè)觀。
[Abstract]:The refugee problem is a hot and difficult problem in contemporary international relations. The European refugee problem is an important part of the world refugee problem. The European refugee crisis broke out in 2015. It is the largest and worst refugee crisis in Europe since the end of World War II. The causes of the crisis are complex, not only in Europe and the United States and Russia, but also in West Asia and North Africa. The emergence and continuous fermentation of the crisis has had a profound impact on European countries, the European Union and the international community. The refugee problem in Europe has its history. From the time of the bourgeois revolution in Europe to the present, Europe has not only been a major exporter of immigrants in history, but also one of the largest places to receive and resettle refugees today. Millions of refugees from Western Asia and North Africa continue to flock to Europe, where a sudden wave of refugees is emerging. This wave of refugees has perpetuated Europe's refugee problem and turned it into a European refugee crisis. According to UNHCR statistics, about 1.5 million refugees sought asylum in Europe in 2015, and 204000 refugees crossed the Mediterranean Sea in the first five months of 2016, until the end of September 2016. More than 500000 refugees have entered Europe through the Mediterranean Sea. There are complex and profound reasons for the refugee crisis in Europe, mainly European factors, West Asia and North Africa factors and American and Russian factors. In terms of European factors, both the involvement of European countries in the affairs of West Asia and North Africa has caused continued political instability in the region, the favourable economic welfare conditions of European countries have attracted refugees, and the geographical proximity of Europe and West Asia and North Africa, On the other hand, some European countries have different standards of implementation of their refugee policies towards the EU; with regard to the factors in West Asia and North Africa, both the West Asia and North Africa region itself is unstable, poverty and backwardness, and illegal population organizations promoting and transporting refugees; in the case of the United States and Russia, American interference in West Asia and North Africa leads to turbulence, and the United States and Russia play games and competitions in West Asia and North Africa for a long time. It can be said that the European refugee crisis is the result of various factors. The emergence of European refugee crisis has not only brought unprecedented impact and challenge to European countries, but also exerted great influence on the unity within the European Union, the process of European integration and even the international community. In the dimension of the European countries, the European refugee crisis has had a great impact on the economic, political, cultural, social and international relations of the European countries; on the dimension of the European Union, the European refugee crisis has affected the overall unity of the European Union. Speeding up the process of Brexit has affected the good moral image of the European Union on the international stage. In the dimension of the international community, the European refugee crisis has aroused the international community's concern about the refugee problem, and at the same time, The aggravation of refugee crisis in Europe also causes the frequent occurrence of terrorist attacks in the world, which urges all countries in the world to strengthen cooperation in non-traditional security and jointly crack down on extremist terrorist forces. In short, the impact of the European refugee crisis on European countries, the European Union, and the international community is enormous and far-reaching. European countries and the European Union have taken a package of measures to cope with the continuing influx of refugees. But for now, the war and conflict in West Asia and North Africa have not slowed down, and the number of refugees heading to Europe will continue to rise. And in the face of the European refugee crisis, European countries have yet to reach a coordinated program to host and resettle refugees. So the prospects for easing Europe's refugee crisis in the near future remain bleak.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D815.6

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