發(fā)布時間：2018-04-29 14:15

  本文選題：精準(zhǔn)扶貧 + 法治化　； 參考：《河南財經(jīng)政法大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著政府職能由“權(quán)力型”向“服務(wù)型”轉(zhuǎn)換,民生事業(yè)的發(fā)展已成為我國政府工作的重中之重,從2003年起持續(xù)下達了一系列精準(zhǔn)扶貧相關(guān)的的政策和文件,如今精準(zhǔn)扶貧工作在我國各個省市如火如荼的進行著,在建設(shè)服務(wù)型政府的背景下,政府對特定公眾的扶貧和救濟不能仍看成是一種“恩賜”,而應(yīng)該一種職責(zé)和義務(wù)。隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展和時代的進步,精準(zhǔn)扶貧已不再是傳統(tǒng)意義上扶貧的范圍和內(nèi)容,而是要變“輸血”為“造血”,由之前單純的物質(zhì)幫助轉(zhuǎn)換為生存技能的培養(yǎng),由以前直接保障生存權(quán)向直接保障經(jīng)濟自由權(quán)優(yōu)先,生存權(quán)保障兜底過渡和轉(zhuǎn)化。由于精準(zhǔn)扶貧要牽涉到大量的公共財政資金的使用,因此極可能會成為“權(quán)力尋租”提供溫床。精準(zhǔn)扶貧是一種正式的行政行為,但鑒于在我國的開展相對較晚,因此,遠(yuǎn)不如其他行政行為在中國行政活動中的地位。理論界對其的研究也相對欠缺,在制度上,精準(zhǔn)扶貧相關(guān)立法保障機制缺乏、行政執(zhí)法不規(guī)范、監(jiān)督制約機制不完善、相關(guān)司法救濟機制闕如等問題;在扶貧工作實踐中,由于制度的缺乏,行政機關(guān)單純依靠政策辦事,權(quán)力膨脹、濫用自由裁量權(quán)進行腐敗,偽扶貧、亂扶貧以權(quán)謀私亂像盛行。近年來,我國也有很多學(xué)者針對扶貧在實踐中出現(xiàn)的問題,提出很多解決的措施,但總的來看大多數(shù)都是站在社會學(xué)和管理學(xué)的角度進行政策化分析和行政管理方面進行規(guī)范,這些問題根本無法真正的得到解決�，F(xiàn)階段我國的主要目標(biāo)是法治政府的建設(shè),運用“法治”的力量代替“人治”,以實現(xiàn)對國家的有效管理,鑒于此,我國精準(zhǔn)扶貧的法治化建設(shè)就顯得尤為重要。本文主要從權(quán)力制約和人權(quán)保障的視角,采用實證分析、價值分析和規(guī)范主義分析的方法對精準(zhǔn)扶貧進行全面的分析和展望,大體上主要從立法、執(zhí)法、監(jiān)督和司法四個方面做出探析。內(nèi)容簡單如下:第一部分是引言,主要對本文的研究背景、國內(nèi)外研究狀況、研究的方法、創(chuàng)新點和不足及精準(zhǔn)扶貧的基本概念界定進行簡單介紹。第二部分是精準(zhǔn)扶貧法治化的現(xiàn)狀考察。對河南省貧困縣精準(zhǔn)扶貧現(xiàn)狀進行實證考察,發(fā)現(xiàn)精準(zhǔn)扶貧存在有相關(guān)扶貧立法缺乏、行政執(zhí)法不規(guī)范、監(jiān)督制約機制不完善與司法救濟機制闕如等一些列問題。第三部分是精準(zhǔn)扶貧法治化的必要性分析。從我國依法治國的戰(zhàn)略定位、法治政府建設(shè)的現(xiàn)實要求,政府由權(quán)力型政府向服務(wù)型政府轉(zhuǎn)換內(nèi)在需要、人權(quán)保障的價值追求四個方面來闡釋精準(zhǔn)扶貧法治化的日益凸顯的價值和意義。第四部分是精準(zhǔn)扶貧法治化的基本原則。通過人權(quán)保障原則、權(quán)力監(jiān)督制約原則、正當(dāng)法律程序原則、社會多元參與原則四個方面分析了我國精準(zhǔn)扶貧法治化的基本價值理念、構(gòu)建思路等問題,旨在為精準(zhǔn)扶貧法治化的實現(xiàn)提供豐富的理論支撐,切實實現(xiàn)對公民多元化人權(quán)的保障。第五部分是我國精準(zhǔn)扶貧法治機制的構(gòu)建。提出建立完備的精準(zhǔn)扶貧法律規(guī)范體系、健全精準(zhǔn)扶貧的法治實施體系,這部分主要從精準(zhǔn)扶貧的執(zhí)行主體和行政程序來闡釋,然后精準(zhǔn)扶貧監(jiān)督制約機制的完善,最后是對精準(zhǔn)扶貧的司法救濟制度的構(gòu)建四個方面的完善提出設(shè)想。
[Abstract]:With the transformation of government functions from "power type" to "service-oriented", the development of the livelihood of the people's livelihood has become the most important part of our government's work. From 2003 it has been a series of policies and documents related to precision poverty alleviation. Now, the precision poverty alleviation work is carried out in full swing in various provinces and cities in China, and in the construction of a service-oriented government. Under the background, the government's poverty alleviation and relief can not still be regarded as a kind of "gift", but it should be a kind of duty and obligation. With the development of the economy and the progress of the times, the precision of poverty alleviation is no longer the scope and content of the traditional poverty alleviation, but the transformation of "blood transfusion" to "hematopoiesis", from the prior simple material help. In order to cultivate the survival skills, the right to survive directly is given priority to the right of direct guarantee of the right to economic freedom, and the right to survival is a transition and transformation. As the precision of poverty alleviation involves the use of a large number of public financial funds, it is very likely to provide a warm bed for "rent-seeking power". In view of the relatively late development of our country, it is far less than the other administrative acts in China's administrative activities. The theoretical circles are relatively deficient in their research. In the system, the lack of relevant legislative guarantee mechanism for precision poverty alleviation, the non standard administrative law enforcement, the imperfect supervision and restriction mechanism and the lack of relevant judicial relief mechanisms; In the poor work practice, due to the lack of system, the administrative organs simply rely on the policy, the power expansion, the abuse of the discretion to corrupt, the pseudo poverty alleviation, and the disorder of the poverty alleviation with power and privacy. In recent years, many scholars in our country have put forward a lot of measures to solve the problems in the practice of poverty alleviation in China, but in general, most of them are concerned. The main objective of our country is to build the government under the rule of law and use the power of "rule of law" instead of "rule of man" in order to realize the effective management of the country. The construction of the rule of law of poverty alleviation is particularly important. From the perspective of power restriction and human rights protection, this paper makes an overall analysis and Prospect of precision poverty alleviation through empirical analysis, value analysis and normative analysis, mainly from four aspects of legislation, law enforcement, supervision and judicature. The content is as follows: Part of the introduction, mainly on the background of the research, the research situation at home and abroad, research methods, innovation and deficiency and the definition of the basic concept of precision poverty alleviation. The second part is the present situation of the rule of law of precision poverty alleviation. The present situation of precision poverty alleviation in the poor counties of Henan province is empirically investigated, and the existence of precision poverty alleviation is found. Lack of relevant poverty alleviation legislation, non standard administrative law enforcement, imperfect supervision and restriction mechanism and lack of judicial relief mechanism. The third part is the necessity analysis of the rule of law of precision poverty alleviation. From the strategic orientation of the rule of law in China, the realistic requirement of the construction of the rule of law government, the government transforms the government from the power type government to the service government. The value and significance of the rule of law for precision poverty alleviation is explained in four aspects, namely, the need and the pursuit of the value of human rights protection. The fourth part is the basic principle of the rule of law of precision poverty alleviation. Through the principle of human rights protection, the principle of power supervision and restriction, the principle of due process of legal procedure and the principle of social pluralistic participation, the precision of our country is analyzed accurately. The basic values of the rule of value of poverty alleviation and the construction of ideas are designed to provide a rich theoretical support for the realization of the rule of law of poverty alleviation, and to realize the protection of the pluralistic human rights of the citizens. The fifth part is the construction of the rule of law mechanism of precision poverty alleviation in our country. The implementation of the rule of law system, this part of the implementation of the main and administrative procedures to explain the precision of poverty alleviation, and the precision of the improvement of the poor supervision and control mechanism of poverty alleviation, the final is to improve the precision of the poverty alleviation of the judicial relief system to improve the four aspects of the improvement of the idea.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南財經(jīng)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F126;D920.0

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