發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-22 13:10

  本文選題：民事和解 + 處分權(quán)　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：民事訴訟和解制度是私人之間解決民事爭(zhēng)議的一種制度構(gòu)建,主要是在訴訟過(guò)程中通過(guò)雙方當(dāng)事人達(dá)成合意,形成某種文書,最終達(dá)到解決糾紛的目的。和解制度的存在一方面是對(duì)當(dāng)事人權(quán)利的保障和尊重,另外一方面對(duì)于提高訴訟效率、節(jié)約司法資源是極其重要的。但是由于我國(guó)在訴訟制度上存在缺欠,導(dǎo)致我國(guó)的民事訴訟和解制度存在很多的不足,這使得民事訴訟和解制度很難發(fā)揮出其應(yīng)有的作用。我國(guó)民事訴訟和解制度在立法中并沒(méi)有得到充分的肯定和認(rèn)可。而這一制度的缺欠主要體現(xiàn)在1、訴訟和解協(xié)議的效力不明確;2、民事訴訟和解中合意內(nèi)容的合法性不明確;3、民事訴訟和解協(xié)議規(guī)范依據(jù)不明確;4、監(jiān)督與補(bǔ)救機(jī)制缺位這四個(gè)方面。這些制度缺陷的存在一方面是制度的本身不足,另一方面也是我國(guó)的某些特殊原因照成的。究其原因大體可以歸納為1、立法背景變遷的影響;2、民事訴訟和解的錯(cuò)誤定位;3、權(quán)力本位主義的影響;4、法院調(diào)解制度的沖擊這四個(gè)原因。在分析了我國(guó)民事訴訟和解制度的缺欠及其成因后,如何完善該項(xiàng)制度是急需解決的一個(gè)問(wèn)題,民事訴訟和解制度完善有其深厚的理論依據(jù)。首先,意思自治原則是完善該項(xiàng)制度的基礎(chǔ),作為一個(gè)理性的經(jīng)濟(jì)人,在綜合考量各方面因素的情況下,選擇訴訟和解是最優(yōu)良的選擇。而當(dāng)事人對(duì)這一制度的選取也是其意思自治的集中體現(xiàn)。其次,當(dāng)事人處分原則的確立為這一制度的完善提供了理論前提。這一原則也構(gòu)成民事訴訟和解的理論基礎(chǔ),如果缺乏處分權(quán),那么當(dāng)事人之間基于自我意思表示而達(dá)成的合意就無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)。最后,效率原則是完善這一制度的理論目標(biāo)。民事訴訟和解對(duì)于降低糾紛解決的成本、提高訴訟效益具有重要的作用。完善訴訟和解制度,以當(dāng)事人的合意來(lái)解決糾紛,不僅節(jié)約了司法資源,更重要的是提高了訴訟效益,實(shí)現(xiàn)民事訴訟的基本價(jià)值目標(biāo)—公正、效率。民事訴訟和解制度的完善是有很大的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義的,完善這一制度也有著豐富的價(jià)值目標(biāo)。首先,這一制度的完善是充分尊重當(dāng)事人自主決策權(quán)的體現(xiàn)。其次,完善這一制度可以有效的解決“執(zhí)行難”的問(wèn)題。再次,民事訴訟和解制度的完善有利于節(jié)約司法成本。最后,為了緩和社會(huì)矛盾同樣需要對(duì)這一制度予以完善。要完善這一制度要從理論上和制度上雙管齊下,在理念上,首先應(yīng)當(dāng)重塑訴訟和解制度的立法理念,訴訟和解契約將對(duì)實(shí)體的處分與對(duì)程序的處分完美的結(jié)合于一體,可以將訴訟和解制度從目前的困境之中解救出來(lái)。其次應(yīng)當(dāng)確立民事訴訟和解的自愿原則。在制度上,1、應(yīng)當(dāng)尊重和強(qiáng)化當(dāng)事人的處分權(quán),強(qiáng)化當(dāng)事人的處分權(quán)是我國(guó)當(dāng)前正在進(jìn)行的民事審判方式改革的重點(diǎn)之一。當(dāng)事人只有真正的享有處分權(quán)才能成為合意的決定因素,才能使強(qiáng)制或者變相的強(qiáng)制和解得到控制,合意解決糾紛的功能才能充分的發(fā)揮。2、要確定法官對(duì)訴訟和解的釋明義務(wù)。法官的釋明義務(wù)要嚴(yán)格的限制在當(dāng)事人的和解協(xié)議內(nèi)容范圍內(nèi),不得超過(guò)當(dāng)事人申請(qǐng)的范圍,避免造成法官釋明權(quán)的擴(kuò)張對(duì)當(dāng)事人達(dá)成合意的干擾和損害。3、確立法官對(duì)和解協(xié)議的審查制度。人民法院在確認(rèn)和解協(xié)議效力的時(shí)候,不僅應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)和解協(xié)議的真實(shí)性進(jìn)行審查,更要對(duì)和解協(xié)議的合法性進(jìn)行審查。4、賦予和解協(xié)議以法律效力。由于和解協(xié)議有以上多種優(yōu)勢(shì),因此應(yīng)當(dāng)大力鼓勵(lì)和解協(xié)議的作出。在民事領(lǐng)域,雙方之間達(dá)成的和解協(xié)議本質(zhì)上帶有民事合同的性質(zhì)。5、確立審前程序。審前程序最重要的作用,便是可以在案件審理之前使當(dāng)事人充分獲取信息,整理爭(zhēng)議焦點(diǎn),清除不相關(guān)之事項(xiàng),使全部的情況都明了后,促進(jìn)當(dāng)事人的和解,即要獲取一個(gè)高效率的審判。6、加強(qiáng)律師的介入。律師與律師之間的協(xié)商是糾紛解決最有利的方式,而且經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的律師都擅于談判,對(duì)案件的評(píng)價(jià)也較為精準(zhǔn),建立完善的律師制度對(duì)于訴訟和解的作用是至關(guān)重要的。7、規(guī)定訴訟和解期間。對(duì)于民事訴訟和解的期間,應(yīng)該有明確的規(guī)定,原則上只要進(jìn)入訴訟系屬即可和解,這樣才可以充分保障當(dāng)事人的選擇權(quán)、處分權(quán)等權(quán)益,也是民事訴訟解決私權(quán)糾紛的實(shí)質(zhì)要求。民事訴訟和解制度的特點(diǎn)明顯,價(jià)值突出,是應(yīng)當(dāng)極力推行的制度,如何使其發(fā)揮應(yīng)有的作用,完善民事訴訟和解制度,成為民事訴訟過(guò)程中的重要一環(huán),是每一個(gè)法律人需要努力的方向。民事訴訟和解制度存在著很多的制度缺陷和不足,應(yīng)當(dāng)從理念上、原則上和具體制度上對(duì)其進(jìn)行完善。
[Abstract]:The system of civil litigation reconciliation is a system for private settlement of civil disputes. It is mainly in the process of litigation to achieve the purpose of resolving disputes through mutual agreement between the parties, and finally to the purpose of resolving disputes. The existence of the system of reconciliation is the protection and respect for the rights of the parties on the one hand, and on the other hand it improves the effectiveness of the litigation. It is very important to save the judicial resources. However, owing to the lack of the litigation system in our country, there are many shortcomings in the system of civil litigation reconciliation in our country, which makes it difficult to play its due role. The civil procedure reconciliation system in China has not been fully affirmed and approved in the legislation. And the default of this system is mainly embodied in 1, the validity of the settlement agreement is not clear; 2, the legitimacy of the content in the civil procedure reconciliation is not clear; 3, the standard basis of the civil procedure settlement agreement is not clear; 4, the absence of supervision and remedial mechanism in the four aspects. The existence of these system defects is the deficiency of the system itself, the other side. There are some special reasons for our country. The reason can be summed up as 1, the influence of the legislative background change; 2, the wrong orientation of civil litigation reconciliation; 3, the influence of power departmentalism; 4, the impact of the court mediation system on the four reasons. After the analysis of the shortcomings and causes of the reconciliation system in my national proceedings and its causes, how to improve it, how to improve it The system is an urgent problem to be solved. The perfection of the system of civil litigation reconciliation has its profound theoretical basis. First, the principle of autonomy is the basis for improving the system. As a rational economic man, the choice of litigation reconciliation is the best choice under the circumstances of the comprehensive consideration of all aspects. Secondly, the establishment of the party's disposition principle provides a theoretical basis for the perfection of the system. This principle also forms the theoretical basis for the reconciliation of civil litigation. If there is a lack of the right to dispose of the parties, the agreement between the parties can not be realized on the basis of the self meaning table. Finally, the efficiency is effective. The principle is to perfect the theoretical goal of this system. Civil litigation reconciliation plays an important role in reducing the cost of the dispute settlement and improving the efficiency of the lawsuit. It is important to improve the legal efficiency and realize the basic value of the civil action by improving the litigation reconciliation system and solving the disputes with the parties' agreement. The perfection of the system of civil litigation reconciliation is of great theoretical and practical significance. The perfection of this system also has a rich value goal. First, the perfection of this system is the embodiment of full respect for the independent decision-making power of the parties. Secondly, the perfection of this system can effectively solve the problem of "difficult implementation". Again, In the end, in order to ease social contradictions, it is also necessary to improve the system. In order to improve this system, it is necessary to improve the system both in theory and system. In the first place, we should reshape the legislative idea of the litigation reconciliation system, and the litigation settlement contract will dispose of the entity. With the perfect combination of the disposition of the procedure, the lawsuit reconciliation system can be saved from the present predicament. Secondly, the voluntary principle of civil litigation reconciliation should be established. In the system, 1, we should respect and strengthen the parties' right to dispose of the parties and strengthen the parties' right of disposition to change the civil trial mode currently being carried out in our country. One of the key points of leather is that only if the parties really enjoy the right to dispose of them, can they make the compulsory or disguised compulsory conciliation be controlled. The function of the settlement of the dispute can be fully exerting.2, and the judge's interpretation obligation to the litigation is to be determined. The interpretation obligation of the law officer should be strictly limited to the parties. Within the scope of the settlement agreement, the scope of the application shall not exceed the scope of the application of the parties to avoid the interference and damage to the parties concerned by the expansion of the interpretation of the judge's right to the parties and to damage the.3, and to establish a system of review of the settlement agreement by the judge. The legality of the settlement agreement is examined by.4 and the settlement agreement is given legal effect. Since the conciliation agreement has many advantages, the settlement agreement should be strongly encouraged. In the civil field, the settlement agreement between the two parties is essentially a civil contract with the nature of.5, and the pretrial procedure is the most important role, Before the trial, it is possible to make the parties fully obtain information, organize the focus of the dispute, remove the unrelated matters, make all the cases clear, and promote the conciliation of the parties, namely, to obtain an efficient trial.6 and to strengthen the intervention of the lawyer. The rich lawyers are good at negotiating, and the evaluation of the cases is more accurate. The establishment of a perfect lawyer system for the settlement of the lawsuit is a crucial.7. The period of the settlement of the lawsuit should be specified. In principle, it can be fully guaranteed so long as the entry into the litigation department can be reconciled so that it can be fully guaranteed. The rights and interests of the disabled parties, such as the right to choose and the right to dispose, are also the essential requirements for the civil litigation to solve the disputes of private rights. The system of civil litigation is characterized by obvious characteristics and outstanding value. It is a system that should be carried out vigorously. How to make it play its due role and improve the settlement system of civil litigation has become an important part of the civil litigation process, and it is every one. The legal person needs the direction of hard work. There are many institutional defects and shortcomings in the system of civil litigation reconciliation. It should be perfected from the concept, principle and specific system.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D925.1

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 吳英姿;;司法的限度:在司法能動(dòng)與司法克制之間[J];法學(xué)研究;2009年05期

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本文編號(hào)：1787348