本文選題：公平競爭 + 公平競爭審查　； 參考：《安徽大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：2016年6月14日,國務院發(fā)布《關于在市場體系建設中建立公平競爭審查制度的意見》①(以下簡稱《意見》),標志著公平競爭審查制度在我國初步建立。《意見》中明確規(guī)定行政機關和法律、法規(guī)授權的具有管理公共事務職能的組織以及行政法規(guī)和國務院制定的其他政策措施、地方性法規(guī)的起草部門(統(tǒng)稱為"政策制定機關")在制定和起草過程中按照給定的標準進行公平競爭審查。這要求政策制定機關運用《意見》中列舉的審查標準進行自我審查,一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)文件中帶有排除、限制競爭的部分要及時廢止或修改。審查標準在該制度設計中是十分關鍵的部分,只有通過與審查標準進行比對,才能識別政策措施中是否帶有排除、限制競爭的成份,然后對其進行修改或廢除,進而維護市場主體的公平競爭。實施公平競爭審查制度是規(guī)范市場主體公平競爭,發(fā)揮市場活力的重要步驟,是規(guī)制抽象行政行為的重要制度創(chuàng)新。在域外,推動競爭評估制度最為積極的經合組織就制訂了極為詳細與完備的《競爭評估工具書》來倡導競爭評估,包括《競爭評估指南》、《競爭評估原則》等在內的競爭評估指導文件,精細明確的向各成員國介紹競爭評估的具體操作過程。就評估標準來說,經合組織在《競爭評估工具書》中進行了全面的闡述,從審查標準的各個分類到相關術語的解析,再到每個評估標準下舉例分析,可謂十分詳盡。而澳大利亞作為較早進行競爭評估的國家,其進行全面的競爭評估后帶來的巨大經濟效益是各國有目共睹的。澳大利亞在進行競爭評估時是至上而下的全面評估,上至澳大利亞政府,下至各地方政府,將所有的規(guī)范性文件納入評估范圍,以"公共利益"為評估標準,任何不符合公共利益的政策措施都要進行評估。澳大利亞進行的全國范圍內的競爭評估耗時長,任務量繁重,但是評估后取得的經濟成效十分顯著。歐盟對國家援助進行控制,以"是否與共同市場相容"為標準,一切的援助行為都要以促進歐盟整體的共同市場發(fā)展為前提,同時制定各種指南、軟法相互配套實施,增加了制度的可操作性。通過對域外國家競爭評估制度進行分析,對比我國特有的制度特點,逐步構建競爭核對清單,細化審查標準,增強公平競爭審查法律文件的位階,同時納入為我國特有的行政合法性審查標準,再在現(xiàn)有的基礎上以更加開放的"公共利益"作為宏觀的審查標準。國家要構建一套全方位的公平競爭審查體系,以完備的審查標準為參照,不斷發(fā)揮公平競爭審查制度對推動市場參與者公平競爭的制度保障作用,不斷促進我國市場經濟健康發(fā)展,最終保護市場參與者的權益和廣大消費者的利益。
[Abstract]:14 June 2016The State Council has issued the opinions on the Establishment of a Fair Competition Review system in the Construction of the Market system (hereinafter referred to as "opinions"), which marks the preliminary establishment of the fair competition examination system in China.Organizations authorized by laws and regulations to manage public affairs, as well as administrative regulations and other policies and measures formulated by the State Council,The drafting department of local regulations (collectively referred to as "policy making organ") carries out fair competition review according to the given standards in the process of drafting and drafting.This requires the policy-making organs to use the review criteria listed in the opinion to conduct self-examination. Once the documents are found to contain exclusions, the parts that limit competition should be abolished or amended in time.Review standards are a critical part of the system's design, and only by comparing them can policy measures be identified as containing elements that exclude, limit competition, and then modify or abolish them.And then maintain the fair competition of the main body of the market.The implementation of fair competition examination system is an important step in regulating fair competition of market subjects and exerting market vitality. It is also an important institutional innovation to regulate abstract administrative behavior.Abroad, the OECD, which is the most active contributor to the competition assessment regime, has developed a very detailed and complete instrument for Competition Assessment to promote competition assessment,The competition assessment guidance documents, including the Guide to Competition Assessment and the principles of Competition Evaluation, provide detailed and precise information to member States on the specific operational process of competition assessment.Australia, as an earlier country to carry out competition evaluation, has brought great economic benefits after carrying out comprehensive competition evaluation.The competition assessment in Australia is a top-down comprehensive assessment, ranging from the Australian Government to the local governments, incorporating all normative documents into the assessment, using the "public interest" as the criterion of assessment,Any policy measures that are not in the public interest are evaluated.The national competitive evaluation in Australia takes a long time and heavy workload, but the economic results are remarkable.The EU controls state aid and takes "compatibility with the common market" as the standard. All aid activities must be based on the premise of promoting the development of the common market as a whole of the European Union. At the same time, various guidelines have been drawn up for the mutual implementation of soft law.It increases the operability of the system.By analyzing the system of foreign countries' competition evaluation, comparing the characteristics of our country's special system, we gradually construct the competition check list, refine the standard of examination, and strengthen the rank of the legal documents of fair competition review.At the same time, the standard of administrative legality examination is included, and the more open "public interest" is taken as the macro standard on the basis of the existing standards.The country should construct a set of all-around fair competition examination system, take the perfect examination standard as the reference, continuously exert the fair competition examination system to promote the market participant fair competition system safeguard function.Promote the healthy development of market economy and protect the rights and interests of market participants and consumers.
【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.294

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