本文選題：出租車政策變遷　切入點：網(wǎng)約車　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：網(wǎng)約車是"互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+ "新業(yè)態(tài)的典型代表,自出現(xiàn)以來,普及迅速,發(fā)展欣欣向榮。然而,伴隨發(fā)展而來的是對傳統(tǒng)巡游車市場的沖擊,巡游車市場份額減少、司機收入下降,還需上繳沉重的"份子錢",引發(fā)了巡游車群體的不滿和抗議,爆發(fā)了多次大規(guī)模群體性罷運事件。另外,網(wǎng)約車還出現(xiàn)了多次惡性事件,例如搶劫、謀殺等,給公眾出行安全帶來了隱患,引起了政府和社會的關(guān)注,并開始著手對出租車行業(yè)的改革。2016年7月28日,交通運輸部正式發(fā)布《關(guān)于深化改革進一步推進出租汽車行業(yè)健康發(fā)展的指導(dǎo)意見》和《網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)約出租汽車經(jīng)營服務(wù)管理暫行辦法》,將網(wǎng)約車界定為"預(yù)約出租客運",賦予網(wǎng)約車正式營運資格,同時還提出深化巡游車改革,改革自此告一段落。本文以出租車變革過程為研究對象,旨在研究出租車政策過程的演進,了解出租車改革政策議程是如何開啟的?多元行動者是如何互動博弈影響政府決策的?政策妥協(xié)結(jié)果產(chǎn)生的原因是什么?出租車政策改革的未來走如何等。通過對這些問題的探討,一方面可以深入了解出租車行業(yè)情況,預(yù)估之后的出租車行業(yè)改革重點以及變革方式;另一方面也可以為其他新業(yè)態(tài)引起的行業(yè)改革提供借鑒意義。本文從政策變遷理論視角解讀出租車政策變革過程,但政策變遷理論有很多,而且每個理論都有其適用性和局限性。因此,本文基于多源流理論、倡導(dǎo)聯(lián)盟理論以及政策網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論構(gòu)建了系統(tǒng)性的理論分析框架,旨在揚長避短,充分發(fā)揮不同理論在不同政策階段中的解釋優(yōu)勢。多源流理論在議程設(shè)置階段具有充分解釋力,本文具體闡述了出租車政策議程設(shè)置過程中的問題溪流、政治溪流、政策溪流,分析三條溪流耦合下的議程開啟過程,對出租車改革前決策過程的發(fā)生機制進行了詳細探討。倡導(dǎo)聯(lián)盟理論和政策網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論是研究政策過程行動者互動的典型理論,只是兩者存在差異,倡導(dǎo)聯(lián)盟注重信念,政策網(wǎng)絡(luò)注重利益。對于出租車改革過程來說,價值和利益都是行動者行動的動力,因而,本文綜合運用基于信念的倡導(dǎo)聯(lián)盟理論和基于利益的政策網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論綜合分析各行動主體之間的互動博弈,分析議程開啟后各大聯(lián)盟的策略行動以及不同網(wǎng)絡(luò)之間的互動。通過分析,我們了解到,出租車政策過程中各大聯(lián)盟資源相當(dāng),利益分化明顯,最終的政策產(chǎn)出其實是多元行動者協(xié)商下的政策妥協(xié)。雖然確立了網(wǎng)約車合法地位,但也提高了網(wǎng)約車的準入門檻,還對傳統(tǒng)巡游車管理體制進行改革優(yōu)化,平衡了網(wǎng)約車群體和巡游車群體的利益。通過對出租車政策過程的具體分析,我們發(fā)現(xiàn),雖然出租車行業(yè)存在著不少沉疴積弊,但并未受到重視,直至網(wǎng)約車的興起才引起了政府的關(guān)注�？梢哉f,本次改革是倒逼催生的,缺乏改革前瞻性和主動性。另外,盡管本次改革結(jié)果差強人意,但是在后期各地落實執(zhí)行中卻不盡人意,由于缺乏對改革進度的具體約束,各地政策進程開展差異明顯。因此,在今后的改革中,我們必須要加強政府學(xué)習(xí),提高改革前瞻性和主動性,盡早發(fā)現(xiàn)問題并及時解決問題,同時還需制定改革階段性評估,保證改革措施得以有效貫徹執(zhí)行。最后,通過對改革整體過程的研究以及政策文本的規(guī)定,我們可以預(yù)計,接下來的出租車改革重點將是巡游車改革,尤其是運價機制、退出機制以及經(jīng)營權(quán)管理等。同時,由于改革對象的單一,未來改革方式還是會偏溫和漸進。
[Abstract]:Network about cars is a typical representative of "Internet plus" new format, since the emergence of popularity, thriving development. However, the development is accompanied by the traditional parade car market impact parade car market share decreased, the driver needs to pay heavy income decline, "a money", triggered a parade the car group of discontent and protest, outbreaks of mass strike. In addition, the network about cars also appeared repeatedly vicious incident, such as robbery, murder, safety brought hidden dangers to the public, has aroused the attention of government and society, and began the reform of the taxi industry.2016 in July 28th, traffic the Department of transportation issued "on deepening the reform to further promote the healthy development of the taxi industry guidance" and "network booking taxi management service management Interim Measures", will be defined as "the net about car rental passenger reservation", given the Network about cars officially operational qualifications, also proposed to deepen the reform of the reform since the parade car, come to an end. This paper takes the taxi reform process as the research object, aims to study the evolution of the taxi policy process, understand the reform policy agenda is how to open a taxi? How is the interaction of multiple actions to influence government decision-making? What is the reason for the policy the result of the compromise? Taxi Policy Reform future. How to go through the discussion of these problems, one can understand the situation of the taxi industry, the taxi industry estimates after the reform and transformation of key reference mode; on the other hand can also cause other new industry reform. This paper from the theory of public policy changes from the perspective of taxi policy change process, but there are a lot of policy change theory, and each theory has its applicability and limitations. Therefore, This paper based on the theory of multiple streams, the advocacy coalition theory and policy network theory to build a systematic theoretical analysis framework, designed to avoid, give full play to explain the advantages of different theories in different policy phase. The theory of multiple streams in the agenda setting stage with a full explanation, this paper expounds the stream taxi policy agenda setting process problems the political policy analysis of three streams, streams, streams under the coupling mechanism of the opening process of the agenda, the taxi before the reform decision-making process were discussed in detail. The advocacy coalition theory and policy network theory is a typical theory of policy process interaction, there is difference between the two, the advocacy coalition on faith, pay attention to the interests of the policy network. The taxi is the reform process, values and interests are power, acts therefore, this paper based on the comprehensive use of the letter Read the advocacy coalition theory and based on the comprehensive analysis of the interaction between the policy network theory the interests of the different participants, action of the major league analysis agenda after opening and the interaction between different networks. Through the analysis, we understand that the taxi in the policy process of the major league resources fairly, interest differentiation is obvious, the final policy output is the plural actors negotiate the policy of compromise. Although the established network about the legal status of the car, but also improves the network about the car access threshold, but also reform to optimize the traditional cruise vehicle management system, balance the network about cars and car cruise group group interests. Through a detailed analysis of the process of taxi policy we found that, although the taxi industry has many long-standing ills, but did not pay attention to, until the car was about the rise of the network caused the government's attention. It can be said that this reform is reversed The birth of the force, the lack of forward-looking reform and initiative. In addition, although the reform results just passable, but in the later stage around the implementation of unsatisfactory, due to the lack of specific constraints on the pace of reform, around the policy process carry out different obviously. Therefore, in the future reform, we must strengthen the study of government reform, improve proactive and initiative, as soon as possible to find and solve problems in a timely manner, but also need to develop the assessment phase of reform, reform measures to ensure effective implementation. Finally, through the reform of the whole process of the research and policy rules, we can expect that the reform will be the focus of the next taxi cruise car reform, especially pricing mechanism, exit mechanism and management rights management. At the same time, the reform of the object is single, the future reform will still partial moderate gradual.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D669.3

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