本文選題：難民與庇護(hù)政策　切入點(diǎn)：歐洲難民危機(jī)　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在全球化不斷發(fā)展的背景下,區(qū)域一體化也在逐步影響以民族國家為主的威斯特伐利亞體系。其中以歐洲一體化為最初的典范,歐盟成員國間在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等方面深入交流與發(fā)展。但隨著歐盟的擴(kuò)大和一體化的深入發(fā)展,世界地區(qū)局勢(shì)出現(xiàn)動(dòng)蕩,使移民在國與國之間變得頻繁。移民群體中的難民因其自身的特殊性日益成為世人關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。2015年歐洲爆發(fā)的大規(guī)模難民危機(jī),更是給歐洲帶來了前所未有的挑戰(zhàn)。1985年《申根協(xié)定》簽訂以來,歐洲發(fā)生了三次大規(guī)模的難民危機(jī),即蘇東劇變后的大量中東難民涌入西歐;第二次是科索沃戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后引發(fā)大量難民進(jìn)入阿爾巴尼亞及歐洲面臨接納與分?jǐn)倖栴};第三次是當(dāng)下大量來自西亞、北非和中東難民潮引發(fā)的歐洲難民危機(jī)。本文通過梳理自1985年《申根協(xié)定》簽訂以來的歐洲難民政策,經(jīng)歷了由開放自由邊界的寬松政策,到《都柏林公約》后的政策收緊,最后到將難民政策納入歐盟司法與內(nèi)務(wù)之下的共同難民政策發(fā)展變化�？v觀難民政策的發(fā)展歷程,試圖探索歐盟在一體化背景下,歐洲成員國如何應(yīng)對(duì)當(dāng)下愈演愈烈的歐洲難民危機(jī)問題,著重梳理和分析西歐與東歐國家應(yīng)對(duì)難民問題上所采取的不同政策,西歐以德國,東歐以維謝格拉德集團(tuán)為例,通過探討東西歐采取不同難民政策的成因,為難民政策與歐洲一體化間關(guān)系分析展開作鋪墊。隨著歐洲一體化的不斷發(fā)展,歐洲難民政策在取得推動(dòng)歐盟邊界治理、促進(jìn)成員國相互協(xié)調(diào)合作以及幫助難民權(quán)利獲得和推動(dòng)難民融入等方面取得了很多成果,可是不難發(fā)現(xiàn),歐盟難民政策同時(shí)也面臨著身份甄別的爭(zhēng)議、歐洲內(nèi)外部認(rèn)同困難、民粹主義勢(shì)力抬頭、歐洲價(jià)值觀受到難民沖擊等困境,甚至加劇歐盟政治根基的脆弱性,借此次歐洲難民危機(jī)疑歐勢(shì)力的崛起,反歐洲一體化的呼聲更加強(qiáng)烈。盡管如此,歐盟也不可能緊關(guān)接收移民和尋求避難者這扇大門,未來歐洲一體化下難民政策的走向必然會(huì)向共同難民政策曲折發(fā)展和實(shí)現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:In the context of the continuous development of globalization, regional integration is also gradually affecting the Westphalia system, which is dominated by nation-states. Culture and other aspects of in-depth exchanges and development. But with the enlargement of the European Union and the in-depth development of integration, the situation in the world region has been turbulent. To make migration frequent between countries. Refugees in immigrant groups are increasingly becoming the focus of attention because of their own particularities. The large-scale refugee crisis broke out in Europe in 2015. Since the signing of the "Schengen Agreement" in 1985, there have been three large-scale refugee crises in Europe, namely, a large number of Middle East refugees poured into Western Europe after the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and East Europe; The second was the massive influx of refugees into Albania after the Kosovo war and the problems facing Europe in terms of admission and allocation; the third was the current influx of refugees from Western Asia. The European refugee crisis caused by the influx of refugees in North Africa and the Middle East. By combing the European refugee policy since the signing of the Schengen Agreement in 1985, this article has experienced policy tightening from the liberal policy of opening free borders to the policy after the Dublin Convention. Finally, to bring the refugee policy into the common refugee policy under the jurisdiction and internal affairs of the European Union. Looking at the development of the refugee policy, we try to explore the European Union in the context of integration. How do European member countries cope with the growing refugee crisis in Europe, focusing on the analysis of the different policies adopted by Western and Eastern European countries to deal with the refugee problem? in Western Europe, Germany and Eastern Europe take the Visegrad Group as an example. By exploring the causes of different refugee policies adopted in Eastern and Western Europe, this paper lays the groundwork for the analysis of the relationship between refugee policy and European integration. With the continuous development of European integration, European refugee policy is gaining momentum to promote border governance in the European Union. Many achievements have been made in promoting coordinated cooperation among member States and in helping refugees' rights to acquire and integrate refugees, but it is not difficult to find that EU refugee policy is also facing disputes over identity screening and difficulties in European internal and external identity. The rise of populist forces, difficulties such as the impact of refugees on European values, and even increased fragility of the EU's political base have led to stronger anti-European integration calls as a result of the rise of Eurosceptic forces in the European refugee crisis. The EU cannot close the door of accepting immigrants and asylum seekers. The trend of refugee policy under European integration is bound to be twists and turns to the common refugee policy in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D815.6;D814.1

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本文編號(hào)：1676512