本文選題：從業(yè)禁止制度　切入點：職業(yè)限制　出處：《四川師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：《刑法修正案(九)》新增從業(yè)禁止制度,即《刑法》第37條之一,旨在針對已獲得職業(yè)資格或者擁有職業(yè)能力的行為人實施犯罪行為之后,僅適用刑罰很難對其再犯罪起到預(yù)防作用,同時實施的對犯罪人的職業(yè)條件予以限制或者剝奪的處分。刑法將從業(yè)禁止制度納入非刑罰處罰法條中,但其并非傳統(tǒng)意義上的非刑罰處罰措施,而是針對犯罪人將來再次實施本職業(yè)犯罪的可能所采取的積極預(yù)防,是具有保安處分性質(zhì)的非刑罰處罰措施。從業(yè)禁止制度在刑法領(lǐng)域?qū)儆谛碌膬?nèi)容,在我國尚未形成一定或者系統(tǒng)的理論。研讀從業(yè)禁止制度在國外的發(fā)展史、立法以及適用現(xiàn)狀,尋求符合我國司法實務(wù)的一種理論模式。首先,需明確從業(yè)禁止的性質(zhì)。通過理論研究,明確從業(yè)禁止的適用條件、適用方式等具體問題,以期通過適當(dāng)?shù)膹臉I(yè)禁止適用,在降低職業(yè)類犯罪率的同時,保障犯罪人的經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)等實際問題,有利于行為人再社會化,促進社會和平與穩(wěn)定。從業(yè)禁止制度屬于保安處分性質(zhì)的非刑罰處罰措施,本文研究需突破傳統(tǒng)刑法領(lǐng)域限于刑罰或者非刑罰處罰單一實施的情形。以犯罪人的人身危險性作為從業(yè)禁止制度適用的核心條件,在此基礎(chǔ)上,探討從業(yè)禁止與禁止令的關(guān)聯(lián)性,以禁止令的適用為參考依據(jù),進而為從業(yè)禁止的司法實務(wù)建立基礎(chǔ)。明確應(yīng)當(dāng)由刑法調(diào)整的從業(yè)禁止的職業(yè)與由其他法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定的職業(yè),并加以區(qū)分,避免司法資源的浪費,探求適用從業(yè)禁止的高危人群,有選擇性、偏重性的進行預(yù)防。禁止從事的職業(yè)應(yīng)與所犯罪行有關(guān)聯(lián),并且對犯罪人是否適用從業(yè)禁止的職業(yè)因素要占到一定的比重。從業(yè)禁止制度是建立在被告人有罪判決前提下,可能予以適用。判決中的刑罰可能有主刑或者附加刑,何種刑罰才可能是適用從業(yè)禁止制度的前提,以及在刑罰執(zhí)行變更中對從業(yè)禁止的適用是否存在影響。管制犯不可以適用從業(yè)禁止,判處拘役、有期徒刑的犯罪人可以在判決時宣告從業(yè)禁止,判處無期徒刑、死刑緩期執(zhí)行的犯罪分子在宣判時亦可以宣告從業(yè)禁止;在刑罰執(zhí)行變更中可以根據(jù)已有的從業(yè)禁止做出有利于犯罪人的執(zhí)行變更處分。為保障從業(yè)禁適用上的平等性,建議增設(shè)刑罰執(zhí)行完畢時,從業(yè)禁止適用的裁量制度。刑法37條之一第3款對從業(yè)禁止的適用應(yīng)當(dāng)作何理解。從業(yè)禁止的宣告仍然由人民法院以定罪為依據(jù)決定,適用的條件依靠刑法規(guī)定,對其適用期限應(yīng)適用其他法律、行政法規(guī)的規(guī)定,以確保從業(yè)禁止適用上規(guī)范化、嚴謹性的同時,節(jié)約司法資源。
[Abstract]:The Criminal Law Amendment (9) > adds a new system of prohibition of employment, that is, article 37 of the Criminal Law, with the aim of committing a criminal act against an actor who has acquired professional qualifications or possesses professional capacity, It is very difficult to prevent the offender from committing another crime only by applying the penalty. At the same time, the punishment that restricts or deprives the offender's professional condition. The criminal law includes the system of prohibition of employment into the article of non-penalty punishment law. However, it is not a measure of non-penal punishment in the traditional sense, but rather a positive prevention against the possibility that the offender may commit a crime of this profession again in the future, It is a non-penalty measure with the nature of security measures. The practice prohibition system is a new content in the criminal law field and has not yet formed a certain or systematic theory in our country. First of all, it is necessary to clarify the nature of the prohibition of employment. Through theoretical research, it is necessary to clarify the applicable conditions and ways of application of the prohibition of employment and other specific issues. In order to apply the prohibition through appropriate employment, reduce the crime rate in the occupational category, at the same time, to protect the economic foundation of the criminal and other practical problems, which is conducive to the re-socialization of the perpetrator, Promoting social peace and stability. Non-penal measures of the nature of security measures under the prohibition of employment system, This paper studies the need to break through the situation that the traditional criminal law is limited to the single implementation of penalty or non-penal punishment. Taking the personal danger of the offender as the core condition for the application of the prohibition system, on this basis, This paper probes into the relevance of the prohibition of employment and the prohibition order, taking the application of the prohibition order as the reference basis, and then establishing the basis for the judicial practice of the practice prohibition, and making clear the occupation that should be regulated by the criminal law and other laws, The occupations prescribed by administrative regulations, and the distinction between them, to avoid the waste of judicial resources, to seek out the high risk groups that are applicable to the prohibition of employment, to carry out prevention selectively and with particular emphasis. The prohibited occupation shall be related to the crime committed, The employment prohibition system is based on the premise of the defendant's guilty judgment and may be applied. The punishment in the judgment may have the main punishment or the supplementary punishment. What kind of penalty is the premise of the application of the prohibition system, and whether there is any influence on the application of the prohibition in the execution of penalty. The offender of fixed-term imprisonment may, at the time of judgment, proscribe his employment, and sentence him to life imprisonment. A criminal whose death sentence is suspended may also proscribe his employment at the time of sentencing. In order to ensure equality in the application of the prohibition of employment, it is recommended that additional penalties be added when the execution of the penalty is completed, in accordance with the existing prohibition on the execution of the penalty. What shall be the understanding of the application of the prohibition of employment in the third paragraph of Article 37 of the Criminal Law. The declaration of the prohibition of employment shall still be decided by the people's court on the basis of conviction, and the applicable conditions shall depend on the provisions of the criminal law, Other laws and administrative regulations should be applied to the time limit of application to ensure the standardization and preciseness of the practice prohibition and to save the judicial resources at the same time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D924.3

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本文編號：1591748